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The complete mitogenome of the freshwater crayfish Cherax cainii (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae)

Austin CM, Tan MH, Croft LJ, Gan HM

Mitochondrial DNA, 2016;27(1):126-7.
PMID: 24438281 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.878907

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cherax cainii was recovered from partial genome sequencing data using the HiSeq platform. The mitogenome consists of 15,801 base pairs (69% A + T content) containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs and a 783 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This is the second completely sequenced mitogenome from the genus Cherax after the first reported Cherax destructor mitogenome nearly a decade ago.
The complete mitogenome of the crayfish Cherax glaber (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae)

Austin CM, Tan MH, Croft LJ, Gan HM

Mitochondrial DNA, 2016;27(1):220-1.
PMID: 24484586 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.880897

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cherax glaber was sequenced using the HiSeq platform. The mitogenome consists of 15,806 base pairs containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding AT-rich region. The Cherax glaber has a base composition of 32.39% for T, 22.42% for C, 33.73% for A and 11.46% for G, with an AT bias of 66.12%.
Pseudomonas putida Strain FStm2 Isolated from Shark Skin: A Potential Source of Bacteriocin

Ahmad A, Hamid R, Dada AC, Usup G

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2013 Sep;5(3):165-75.
PMID: 26782985 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9140-4

Bacteriocin-producing Pseudomonas putida strain FStm2 isolated from shark showed broad range of antibacterial activity against all pathogens tested except Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, MRSA N32064, Proteus mirabilis ATCC12453, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC14506, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC51312, Salmonella mutan ATCC25175, and Aeromonas hydrophila Wbf314. Of the three growth media tested in this study, TSB was observed to support the bacteriocin activity the most. While the highest bacteriocin activity was observed for media supplemented with 1 % NaCl, there was an observed reduction in bacteriocin activity with increasing salt concentration. Although the least bacteriocin activity was observed for marine broth, addition of increasing amounts of tryptone, glucose, or yeast extract increased bacteriocin activity. This was, however, contrary to the effect observed when MgSO4 and MnSO4 were added as supplements. In the presence of α-amylase, lipase, DNase, and RNase, a positive effect on bacteriocin production was observed. Proteinase K strongly inhibited bacteriocin production. Furthermore, the bacteriocins produced were heat stable within the temperature range of 30-70 °C. Bacteriocin activity also was not affected within a wide pH range of 3-9. Exposure to detergents did not inhibit the activity of the bacteriocin at the concentrations tested. Instead, a positive effect on the relative activity of produced bacteriocin was observed as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), EDTA, and Tween 20 at 1 % concentration all improved bacteriocin activity when the cell-free supernatant was tested against Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880. The bacteriocin was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on a Superdex-200 column. SDS-PAGE analysis of the partially purified bacteriocin revealed an apparent molecular weight of ~32 kDa.
Fulltext Metabolic abnormalities in adult HIV infected population on antiretroviral medication in Malaysia: a cross-sectional survey

Hejazi N, Rajikan R, Choong CL, Sahar S

BMC Public Health, 2013;13:758.
PMID: 23947428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-758

In the current two decades, dyslipidemia and increased blood glucose as metabolic abnormalities are the most common health threats with a high incidence among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Scientific investigations and reports on lipid and glucose disorders among HIV infected communities are inadequate especially in those developing such as Malaysia. This cross-sectional survey was mainly aimed to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and associated risk factors among HIV infected population patients on ARV medication.
Speciation and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in Malaysia

Dada AC, Ahmad A, Usup G, Heng LY

Environ Monit Assess, 2013 Feb;185(2):1583-99.
PMID: 22592782 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2653-6

We report the first study on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in coastal bathing waters in Malaysia. One hundred and sixty-five enterococci isolates recovered from two popular recreational beaches in Malaysia were speciated and screened for antibiotic resistance to a total of eight antibiotics. Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium was highest in both beaches. E. faecalis/E. faecium ratio was 0.384:1 and 0.375:1, respectively, for isolates from Port Dickson (PD) and Bagan Lalang (BL). Analysis of Fisher's exact test showed that association of prevalence of E. faecalis and E. faecium with considered locations was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Chi-square test revealed significant differences (χ(2) = 82.630, df = 20, p < 0.001) in the frequency of occurrence of enterococci isolates from the considered sites. Resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (94.84 %) and least for chloramphenicol (8.38 %). One-way ANOVA using Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test showed that resistance to ampicillin was higher in PD beach isolates than BL isolates and the difference was extremely statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Frequency of occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) isolates were higher for PD beach water (64.29 %) as compared to BL beach water (13.51 %), while MAR indices ranged between 0.198 and 0.48. The results suggest that samples from Port Dickson may contain MAR bacteria and that this could be due to high-risk faecal contamination from sewage discharge pipes that drain into the sea water.
Fulltext A retrospective review on successful management of Penicillium marneffei infections in patients with advanced HIV in Hospital Sungai Buloh

Nor-Hayati S, Sahlawati M, Suresh-Kumar C, Lee KC

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):66-70.
PMID: 22582551 MyJurnal

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus which commonly causes a life threatening systemic fungal infection in an immunocompromised host. It has been recognized as an AIDS defining illness in Malaysia since the beginning of the HIV pandemic. The presence of various non specific clinical presentations, especially the characteristic umbilicated papular rashes with central necrosis which lead to significant ill health in immunocompromised patients should alarm clinicians to the possibility of Penicillium marneffei infection and prompt investigations accordingly. Simple investigations like blood culture and fungal staining of the skin scrapping can confirm the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Early treatment with appropriate systemic antifungal for a definite duration will significantly decrease the mortality rate from penicilliosis.
Landfill leachate treatment using sub-surface flow constructed wetland by Cyperus haspan

Akinbile CO, Yusoff MS, Ahmad Zuki AZ

Waste Manag, 2012 Jul;32(7):1387-93.
PMID: 22456086 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.002

Performance evaluation of pilot scale sub-surface constructed wetlands was carried out in treating leachate from Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill (PBSL). The constructed wetland was planted with Cyperus haspan with sand and gravel used as substrate media. The experiment was operated for three weeks retention time and during the experimentation, the influent and effluent samples were tested for its pH, turbidity, color, total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)), ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N), Total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and also for heavy metals such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. The results showed that the constructed wetlands with C. haspan were capable of removing 7.2-12.4% of pH, 39.3-86.6% of turbidity, 63.5-86.6% of color, 59.7-98.8% of TSS, 39.2-91.8% of COD, 60.8-78.7% of BOD(5), 29.8-53.8% of NH(3)-N, 59.8-99.7% of TP, 33.8-67.0% of TN, 34.9-59.0% of Fe, 29.0-75.0% of Mg, 51.2-70.5% of Mn, and 75.9-89.4% of Zn. The significance of removal was manifested in the quality of the effluent obtained at the end of the study. High removal efficiencies in the study proved that leachate could be treated effectively using subsurface constructed wetlands with C. haspan plant.
Fulltext Citrobacter koseri bacteraemia complicated by paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis--a case report

Shaharuddin NR, Leong CL, Chidambaram SK, Lee C

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):337-9.
PMID: 23082432

Paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis due to Citrobacter koseri is a very rare condition. We report a remarkable case of Citrobacter koseri bacteraemia complicated by paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis in a patient who has successfully been treated in our hospital. Our patient demonstrates one of the common challenges in the practice of infectious disease medicine, wherein an innocuous presentation may and often underlie a serious infection. This case report elucidates to us that the diagnosis of a paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis requires a high index of suspicion in at risk patient presenting with compatible signs and symptoms.
Fulltext De novo assembly, characterization and functional annotation of pineapple fruit transcriptome through massively parallel sequencing

Ong WD, Voo LY, Kumar VS

PLoS One, 2012;7(10):e46937.
PMID: 23091603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046937

BACKGROUND: Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus), is an important tropical non-climacteric fruit with high commercial potential. Understanding the mechanism and processes underlying fruit ripening would enable scientists to enhance the improvement of quality traits such as, flavor, texture, appearance and fruit sweetness. Although, the pineapple is an important fruit, there is insufficient transcriptomic or genomic information that is available in public databases. Application of high throughput transcriptome sequencing to profile the pineapple fruit transcripts is therefore needed.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To facilitate this, we have performed transcriptome sequencing of ripe yellow pineapple fruit flesh using Illumina technology. About 4.7 millions Illumina paired-end reads were generated and assembled using the Velvet de novo assembler. The assembly produced 28,728 unique transcripts with a mean length of approximately 200 bp. Sequence similarity search against non-redundant NCBI database identified a total of 16,932 unique transcripts (58.93%) with significant hits. Out of these, 15,507 unique transcripts were assigned to gene ontology terms. Functional annotation against Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database identified 13,598 unique transcripts (47.33%) which were mapped to 126 pathways. The assembly revealed many transcripts that were previously unknown.
CONCLUSIONS: The unique transcripts derived from this work have rapidly increased of the number of the pineapple fruit mRNA transcripts as it is now available in public databases. This information can be further utilized in gene expression, genomics and other functional genomics studies in pineapple.
Men's health: sexual dysfunction, physical, and psychological health--is there a link?

Tan HM, Tong SF, Ho CC

J Sex Med, 2012 Mar;9(3):663-71.
PMID: 22188573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02582.x

INTRODUCTION: Sexual dysfunction in men, such as erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, and premature ejaculation, generates considerable attention. Its association with physical and psychological health is an issue which should be addressed seriously.
AIM: A review of the literature pertaining to the correlation between sexual dysfunction and physical and psychological health.
METHODS: PubMed search for relevant publications on the association between sexual dysfunction in men and physical and psychological health.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical and epidemiological evidence that demonstrates the association between sexual dysfunction in men and physical and psychological health.
RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction, i.e., erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, and premature ejaculation, has been shown to be associated with physical and psychological health. There is a strong correlation between sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, quality of life, and depression.
CONCLUSION: The association between men's sexual dysfunction and physical and psychological health is real and proven. Therefore, it should not be taken lightly but instead treated as a life-threatening medical problem.
Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from mixtures of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate precursors

Lee WH, Loo CY, Nomura CT, Sudesh K

Bioresour Technol, 2008 Oct;99(15):6844-51.
PMID: 18325764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.051

The combination of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) precursors were evaluated for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers containing 3HV monomers by Cupriavidus necator H16. Among various mixtures of plant oils and 3HV-precursors, the mixture of palm kernel oil and sodium propionate was suitable for the biosynthesis of high concentration of PHA (6.8gL(-1)) containing 7mol% of 3HV. The 3HV monomer composition can be regulated in the range of 0-23mol% by changing culture parameters such as the initial pH, and the nitrogen source and its concentration. PHA copolymers with high weight-average molecular weights (Mw) ranging from 1,400,000 to 3,100,000Da were successfully produced from mixtures of plant oils and 3HV-precursors. The mixture of plant oils and sodium propionate resulted in PHA copolymers with higher M(w) compared to the mixture of plant oils and sodium valerate. DSC analysis on the PHA containing 3HV monomers showed the presence of two distinct melting temperature (Tm), which indicated that the PHA synthesized might be a blend of P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV). Sodium propionate appears to be the better precursor of 3HV than sodium valerate.
High-level aminoglycoside resistance and virulence characteristics among Enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in Malaysia

Dada AC, Ahmad A, Usup G, Heng LY, Hamid R

Environ Monit Assess, 2013 Sep;185(9):7427-43.
PMID: 23417753 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3110-x

We report the first study on the occurrence of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) Enterococci in coastal bathing waters and beach sand in Malaysia. None of the encountered isolates were resistant to high levels of gentamicin (500 μg/mL). However, high-level resistance to kanamycin (2,000 μg/mL) was observed in 14.2 % of tested isolates, the highest proportions observed being among beach sand isolates. High-level resistance to kanamycin was higher among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium than Enterococcus spp. Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between responses to tested antibiotics and the species allocation or source of isolation of all tested Enterococci. The species classification of encountered Enterococci resistance to vancomycin was highest among Enterococcus spp. (5.89 %) followed by E. faecium (4.785) and least among E. faecalis. A total of 160 isolates were also tested for virulence characteristics. On the whole, caseinase production was profoundly highest (15.01 %) while the least prevalent virulence characteristic observed among tested beach Enterococci was haemolysis of rabbit blood (3.65 %). A strong association was observed between the source of isolation and responses for each of caseinase (C = 0.47, V = 0.53) and slime (C = 0.50, V = 0.58) assays. Analysis of obtained spearman's coefficient showed a strong correlation between caseinase and each of the slime production (p = 0.04), gelatinase (p = 0.0035) and haemolytic activity on horse blood (p = 0.004), respectively. Suggestively, these are the main virulent characteristics of the studied beach Enterococci. Our findings suggest that recreational beaches may contribute to the dissemination of Enterococci with HLAR and virulence characteristics.
How well does self-reported adherence fare compared to therapeutic drug monitoring in HAART?

Bulgiba A, Mohammed UY, Chik Z, Lee C, Peramalah D

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S34-6.
PMID: 23313585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.002

The aim of the study was to determine how well self-reported adherence fares compared to therapeutic drug monitoring in monitoring HAART adherence.
Identifying HIV/AIDS primary care development needs

Foong AL, Ng SF, Lee CK

J Adv Nurs, 2005 Apr;50(2):134-42.
PMID: 15788077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03372.x

AIM: This paper reports a study aimed at identifying the primary health care experiences of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Malaysia. The rationale behind the study was to enable informed action for developing more responsive and effective primary care.
BACKGROUND: Reports such as from the World Health Organisation forecast sharp escalations in the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia and the Asia-Pacific region within the next few years. With sparse information on the course of infection on the local population and an understanding of health care needs of those afflicted, health services would be ill-prepared for projected increases.
METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 99 patients attending two major HIV/AIDS clinics in Malaysia.
FINDINGS: Several gaps in care provision were highlighted, such as with treatment/consultation facilities and availability and accessibility of information. What is also evident is that there are a number of good support services available but not well publicized to those in need of them. That includes health professionals who could be making appropriate referrals. The lack of communications and inter-professional working appears to be part of the problem.
CONCLUSION: The findings provide baseline data and preliminary insights to government and other service providers towards advancing, optimizing and refining existing policies and infrastructure. Although the availability of a number of primary care facilities have been identified, the study indicates the need for more effective co-ordinated efforts with clear leadership to pull together scarce resources towards the aim of some degree of seamless primary care provision. It is suggested that nurses would be well placed for such a role in view of the nature of their education and training that helps prepare them for the multi-faceted role.

Study site: One is located
in the main general hospital in the capital city of Kuala
Lumpur, and the other in an outpatient clinic on the outskirts
of the city
Fulltext Risk profiles of referred chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary nephrology centre

Lim CT, R R, A S MZ

Pak J Med Sci, 2016 Mar-Apr;32(1):27-30.
PMID: 27022339 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.321.8214

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of acute dengue in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre and its correlation with selected haematological and biochemical parameters.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2015. A patient was serologically diagnosed with acute dengue if the dengue virus IgG, IgM or NS-1 antigen was reactive.
RESULTS: Out of 1,774 patients suspected to have acute dengue, 1,153 were serologically diagnosed with the infection, resulting in a seroprevalence of 64.9%. Dengue-positive patients had a lower mean platelet count (89 × 10(9)/L) compared to the dengue-negative patients (171 × 10(9)/L) (p<0.0001). The mean total white cell count was also lower in the dengue-positive cases (4.7 × 10(9)/L vs. 7.2 × 10(9)/L; p<0.0001). The mean haematocrit was higher in patients with acute dengue (42.5% vs. 40.0%; p<0.0001). Likewise, the serum alanine transaminase level was also higher in patients with acute dengue (108 U/L vs. 54 U/L; p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Dengue is very prevalent in UKM Medical Centre as most patients suspected to have acute dengue had serological evidence of the infection. The platelet count was the single most likely parameter to be abnormal (i.e. low) in patients with acute dengue.
KEYWORDS: DENV; Dengue; IgG; IgM; NS1; Seroprevalence
Measuring social desirability across language and sex: A comparison of Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale factor structures in English and Mandarin Chinese in Malaysia

Kurz AS, Drescher CF, Chin EG, Johnson LR

Psych J, 2016 Jun;5(2):92-100.
PMID: 27168227 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.124

Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country in which multiple languages are prominently spoken, including English and Mandarin Chinese. As psychological science continues to develop within Malaysia, there is a need for psychometrically sound instruments that measure psychological phenomena in multiple languages. For example, assessment tools for measuring social desirability could be a useful addition in psychological assessments and research studies in a Malaysian context. This study examined the psychometric performance of the English and Mandarin Chinese versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale when used in Malaysia. Two hundred and eighty-three students (64% female; 83% Chinese, 9% Indian) from two college campuses completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale in their language of choice (i.e., English or Mandarin Chinese). Proposed factor structures were compared with confirmatory factor analysis, and multiple indicators-multiple causes models were used to examine measurement invariance across language and sex. Factor analyses supported a two-factor structure (i.e., Attribution and Denial) for the measure. Invariance tests revealed the scale was invariant by sex, indicating that social desirability can be interpreted similarly across sex. The scale was partially invariant by language version, with some non-invariance observed within the Denial factor. Non-invariance may be related to differences in the English and Mandarin Chinese languages, as well as cultural differences. Directions for further research include examining the measurement of social desirability in other contexts where both English and Mandarin Chinese are spoken (i.e., China) and further examining the causes of non-invariance on specific items.
Phytoremediation of domestic wastewaters in free water surface constructed wetlands using Azolla pinnata

Akinbile CO, Ogunrinde TA, Che Bt Man H, Aziz HA

Int J Phytoremediation, 2016;18(1):54-61.
PMID: 26121232 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1058330

Two constructed wetlands, one with Azolla pinnata plant (CW1) and the other without (CW2) for treating domestic wastewaters were developed. Fifteen water parameters which include: Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N), Turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), and heavy metals such as Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The experiments were conducted in two (dry and wet) seasons simultaneously. Results showed considerable reductions in all parameters and metals including Zn in CW1 compared with CW2 in the two seasons considered while Pb and Mn were not detected throughout the study. Zn concentration levels reduced significantly in both seasons just as removal efficiencies of 70.03% and 64.51% were recorded for CW1 while 35.17% and 33.45% were recorded for CW2 in both seasons. There were no significant differences in the removal efficiencies of Fe in both seasons as 99.55%, 59.09%, 88.89%, and 53.56% were recorded in CW1 and CW2 respectively. Azolla pinnata has proved effective in domestic wastewater phytoremediation studies.
Fulltext Health care consumers' perspectives on pharmacist integration into private general practitioner clinics in Malaysia: a qualitative study

Saw PS, Nissen LM, Freeman C, Wong PS, Mak V

Patient Prefer Adherence, 2015;9:467-77.
PMID: 25834411 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S73953

BACKGROUND: Pharmacists are considered medication experts but are underutilized and exist mainly at the periphery of the Malaysian primary health care team. Private general practitioners (GPs) in Malaysia are granted rights under the Poison Act 1952 to prescribe and dispense medications at their primary care clinics. As most consumers obtain their medications from their GPs, community pharmacists' involvement in ensuring safe use of medicines is limited. The integration of a pharmacist into private GP clinics has the potential to contribute to quality use of medicines. This study aims to explore health care consumers' views on the integration of pharmacists within private GP clinics in Malaysia.
METHODS: A purposive sample of health care consumers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were invited to participate in focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using NVivo 10.
RESULTS: A total of 24 health care consumers participated in two focus groups and six semi-structured interviews. Four major themes were identified: 1) pharmacists' role viewed mainly as supplying medications, 2) readiness to accept pharmacists in private GP clinics, 3) willingness to pay for pharmacy services, and 4) concerns about GPs' resistance to pharmacist integration. Consumers felt that a pharmacist integrated into a private GP clinic could offer potential benefits such as to provide trustworthy information on the use and potential side effects of medications and screening for medication misadventure. The potential increase in costs passed on to consumers and GPs' reluctance were perceived as barriers to integration.
CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into consumers' perspectives on the roles of pharmacists within private GP clinics in Malaysia. Consumers generally supported pharmacist integration into private primary health care clinics. However, for pharmacists to expand their capacity in providing integrated and collaborative primary care services to consumers, barriers to pharmacist integration need to be addressed.
KEYWORDS: Malaysia; general practitioners; health care consumer; pharmacist integration; private clinic
Fulltext Partially Reversible Acute Renal Cortical Necrosis Secondary to Hyperhomocysteinemia - A Case Report and Literature Review

Tan W, Abd Ghani F, Seong Lim CT

Indian J Nephrol, 2019 8 20;29(4):288-290.
PMID: 31423065 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.IJN_153_18

Acute renal cortical necrosis (ACN) is a potentially fatal renal condition. Our objective is to report a case of ACN in a young man who had developed premature atherosclerotic vascular disease and required intermittent hemodialysis support. His renal biopsy showed diffuse cortical necrosis. Subsequently, 2 weeks after the renal insult, he developed a cardioembolic stroke and was anticoagulated with low-molecular-weight heparin. Thrombophilia screen revealed elevated serum homocystein and he was treated with folate supplement and vitamin B12 injection. With these treatments, he had partial renal recovery and became dialysis independent. In conclusion, this is a rare case of ACN, which may have occurred as a complication of hyperhomocysteinemia.
Survey-based data on food security, nutrition and agricultural production shocks among rural farming households in northern Uganda

Mwungu CM, Shikuku KM, Atibo C, Mwongera C

Data Brief, 2019 Apr;23:103818.
PMID: 31372462 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103818

Climate change, degradation of natural resources, conflict or civil war, diseases and poverty are among the key threats that impact agriculture, human nutrition, food security and food safety among rural households in developing countries. Sustainability of food systems and livelihoods will thus crucially depend on not only the ability to accommodate or recover from these threats but also to tap into opportunities for strengthening long-term capabilities. One approach to enhancing resilience to enhance food security and nutrition is building an evidence base to better understand the various types of smallholders, threats to agriculture production and the associated risks to food security and nutrition and household food preferences. Unfortunately, such data in many African countries is still unavailable or has not been shared publicly. In this paper, we describe data that were collected in Nwoya district, Northern Uganda in December 2017. These data can be used to assess the relationship between resilience of farm households to climatic risks and their food and nutrition security.

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