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Antagonistic effects of intestinal Lactobacillus isolates on pathogens of chicken

Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Ali MA, Jalaludin S

Lett Appl Microbiol, 1996 Aug;23(2):67-71.
PMID: 8987444

Twelve Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken intestine, which demonstrated a strong and moderate capacity to adhere to the ileal epithelial cells in vitro, were used to investigate their inhibitory ability against five strains of salmonella, i.e. Salmonella enteritidis 935/79, Salm. pullorum, Salm. typhimurium, Salm. blockley and Salm. enteritidis 94/448, and three serotypes of Escherichia coli, viz. E. coli O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78:K80. The results showed that all the 12 Lactobacillus isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the five strains of salmonella, and the three strains of E. coli in varying degrees. Generally, they were more effective in inhibiting the growth of salmonella than E. coli. Inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria was probably due to the production of organic acids by the Lactobacillus isolates.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/growth & development
Fulltext Isolation of Campylobacter and Salmonella from houseflies (Musca domestica) in a university campus and a poultry farm in Selangor, Malaysia

Choo LC, Saleha AA, Wai SS, Fauziah N

Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):16-20.
PMID: 21602764 MyJurnal

Insects, in particular house flies and cockroaches, have been shown to be associated with the spread of pathogens in livestock farms and in human disease outbreaks: among these pathogens are salmonellae and campylobacters. A total of 60 flies were caught in three locations: an animal teaching facility and a cafeteria in a university campus, and a poultry farm. Five percent (5%) and 13.3% of flies sampled were found to carry Campylobacter and Salmonella, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/isolation & purification*
Infectious agents causing diarrhoea in Malaysian children

Koe, S.L., Puthucheary, S.D., Lam, S.K.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1991;3(1):29-33.
MyJurnal

The stools of 97 children with acute gastroenteritis, attending a private paediatric clinic, were studied for infectious agents. Putative pathogenic microorganisms were identified in 47 cases (48.5%). Food poisoning Salmonella was the most common bacteria detected, 25 cases (25.8%). Rotavirus was present in 9 cases (9.2%). Interview of the parents and care-persons revealed a general lack of knowledge in the proper cleaning and sterilisation of milk bottles, rubber teats and pacifiers. In 44 households there were at least one animal kept and there were positive bacterial isolates from 47% of such households. However, positive isolates were found in only 26% of households with no kept animals. The implications of these findings are discussed. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning
Fulltext Parkinsonism and brain MRI findings in a relapsed culture-proven salmonella typhi infection: a case report in Malaysia

Ng, Y.M., Cheng, J.T.

JUMMEC, 2016;19(1):1-2.
MyJurnal

Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi, which may be associated with extra-intestinal
complications. Neurological manifestations, particularly Parkinsonism, are rarely reported. We report a
17-year-old patient with relapsed culture-proven Salmonella typhi infection who developed septic shock and
subsequently Parkinsonism. Lumbar puncture revealed acellular cerebrospinal fluid with raised protein level.
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral petechial haemorrhages resulted from small vessels vasculitis.
His symptoms resolved spontaneously after 3 months.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhi
Fulltext Aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach ke atas bakteria gram positif dan negatif

Nuramira Azizan, Nihayah Mohamad, Ahmad Zorin Sahalan

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2011;9(2):51-54.
MyJurnal

Bunga rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan liar boleh ditemui di hutan tanah rendah di Semenanjung Malaysia dan digunakan secara meluas dalam ubatan tradisional. Objektif utama dalam kajian ini adalah untuk menguji keberkesanan ekstrak tumbuhan ini sebagai agen aktiviti antibakteria. rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach diesktrak dengan menggunakan tiga kaedah pengekstrakkan berperingkat iaitu petroleum eter (PE) diikuti dengan etil asetat (EA) dan berakhir dengan etanol. Kesemua ekstrak ini kemudiannya diuji terhadap beberapa bakteria ujian iaitu Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dan Salmonella typhimurium dengan menggunakan kaedah resapan telaga. Hasil keputusan menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol mempunyai kesan perencatan bakteria yang baik, manakala ekstrak petroleum eter langsung tidak menunjukkan sebarang aktiviti antibakteria. Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa ekstrak etil asetat lebih ketara merencat kesemua bakteria yang diuji berbanding dengan ekstrak ethanol. Dua ujian lain yang dijalankan iaitu ujian penentuan nilai kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC) dan nilai kepekatan minimum bakterisidal (MBC) didapati menyokong keputusan ujian kaedah resapan telaga di mana nilai MIC yang diperoleh bagi ekstrak etil asetat adalah lebih rendah iaitu dalam julat 6.25 hingga 12.5 mg/ml dan nilai MBC pula dalam julat 25.0 hingga 50.0 mg/ml berbanding ekstrak etanol dengan nilai MIC yang lebih besar iaitu dalam julat 25.0 hingga 50.0 mg/ml dan nilai MBCnya adalah 100.0 mg/ml.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella enterica
Fulltext Quantification and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in raw vegetables (ulam)

Najwa, M.S., Rukayadi, Y., Ubong, A., Loo, Y.Y., Chang, W.S., Lye, Y.L., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1761-1769.
MyJurnal

Salmonella has been reported to be presence both in raw and processed foods worldwide. In this study, the prevalence, quantification and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from raw vegetables or locally known as ulam such as asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica (L) Urb), water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC), long bean (Vigna sinensis EndL), and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) obtained from retail markets in Selangor, Malaysia were carried out. From 96 samples tested, the overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 97.9%, Salmonella Enteritidis was 54.2% and Salmonella Typhimurium was 82.3% respectively. Samples were contaminated with Salmonella ranging from < 3 to 2400 MPN/g. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolates obtained from the raw vegetables (ulam) were found to exhibit high resistance against ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), amoxicillin/clavunic acid (81.3%), cephalothin (75%), streptomycin (50%) and ciprofloxacin (50%). All Salmonella isolates showed multi drug resistant (MDR) profile with each isolate being resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella isolates ranged from 0.27 to 0.55 for Salmonella Enteritidis and 0.27 to 0.82 for Salmonella Typhimurium. The presence of Salmonella on raw vegetables (ulam) and high antibiotic resistance isolates indicated that raw vegetables could be contaminated and thus imposes possible health risk to local consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella isolation experience in the Pacific Basin region: a survey

Haddock RL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1983 Sep;14(3):399-402.
PMID: 6658509

To determine if the unusually high incidence of salmonellosis reported on Guam for several years might be the result of more frequent bacteriologic examination of gastroenteritis/diarrhoea patient stool specimens, a survey of medical clinic and laboratory activities was undertaken among countries in the Pacific Basin Area. Survey results suggest that while Guam laboratories may be particularly proficient in isolating Salmonella organisms, the quantity of stool specimens examined could not account for the higher incidence of salmonellosis observed on the island.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/isolation & purification*
Fulltext Isolation and characterization of DNA aptamers against the HlyE antigen of Salmonella Typhi

Ahmad Najib M, Winter A, Mustaffa KMF, Ong EBB, Selvam K, Khalid MF, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28416.
PMID: 39557915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78685-9

Aptamers have emerged as prominent ligands in clinical diagnostics because they provide various advantages over antibodies, such as quicker generation time, reduced manufacturing costs, minimal batch-to-batch variability, greater modifiability, and improved thermal stability. In the present study, we isolated and characterized DNA aptamers that can specifically bind to the hemolysin E (HlyE) antigen of Salmonella Typhi for future development of typhoid diagnostic tests. The DNA aptamers against Salmonella Typhi HlyE were isolated using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), and their binding affinity and specificity were assessed utilizing enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). A total of 11 distinct aptamers were identified, and the binding affinities and species selectivities of the three most probable aptamers were determined. Kd values were obtained in the nanomolar range, with the highest affinity of 83.6 nM determined for AptHlyE97. In addition, AptHlyE11, AptHlyE45 and AptHlyE97 clearly distinguished S. Typhi HlyE from other tested bacteria, such as Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, therefore displaying desirable specificity. These novel aptamers could be used as diagnostic ligands for the future development of inexpensive and effective point-of-care tests for typhoid surveillance, especially in developing countries of the tropics and subtropics.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi*
Dual-Functional Tetrahedron Multivalent Aptamer Assisted Amplification-Free CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Sensitive Detection of Salmonella

Qiao Z, Xue L, Sun M, Ma N, Shi H, Yang W, et al.

J Agric Food Chem, 2024 Jan 10;72(1):857-864.
PMID: 38134022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07582

Salmonellosis continues to impose a significant economic burden globally. Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella is crucial to preventing the outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, yet it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a dual-functional tetrahedron multivalent aptamer assisted amplification-free CRISPR/Cas12a assay was developed for Salmonella detection. In the system, the aptamer was programmatically assembled on the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure to fabricate a multivalent aptamer (TDN-multiApt), which displayed a 3.5-fold enhanced avidity over the monovalent aptamer and possessed four CRISPR/Cas12a targeting fragments to amplify signal. Therefore, TDN-multiApt could directly activate Cas12a to achieve the second signal amplification without any nucleic acid amplification. By virtue of the synergism of high avidity and cascaded signal amplifications, the proposed method allowed the ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella as low as 7 cfu mL-1. Meanwhile, this novel platform also exhibited excellent specificity against target bacteria and performed well in the detection of various samples, indicating its potential application in real samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/genetics
Fulltext Cervical abscesses due to co-infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei, Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus

Sulaiman H, Ponnampalavanar S, Mun KS, Italiano CM

BMC Infect Dis, 2013 Nov 09;13:527.
PMID: 24209898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-527

BACKGROUND: Infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei and non-typhoidal Salmonella cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. These intracellular pathogens share some common predisposing factors and clinical features. Co-infection with two of these organisms has been reported previously but, to our knowledge, this is the first time that infection with all three has been reported in one person.
CASE PRESENTATION: In September 2010, a 58-year-old diabetic Malaysian male presented with fever and a fluctuant mass on the right side of his neck. B. pseudomallei was isolated from an aspirate of this lesion and there was radiological evidence of disseminated infection in the liver and spleen. The recurrence of clinical symptoms over ensuing months prompted further aspiration and biopsy of a cervical abscess and underlying lymph nodes. Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley and then M. tuberculosis were identified from these specimens by culture and molecular methods. The patient responded to targeted medical management of each of these infections.
CONCLUSION: In endemic settings, a high index of suspicion and adequate tissue sampling are imperative in identifying these pathogenic organisms. Diabetes was identified as a predisposing factor in this case while our understanding of other potential risk factors is evolving.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections/microbiology*; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification
Application of PCR-based serogrouping of selected Salmonella serotypes in Malaysia

Lim BK, Thong KL

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2009 Jul 01;3(6):420-8.
PMID: 19762954

BACKGROUND: Differentiation of Salmonella enterica into its serogroups is important for epidemiological study. The objective of the study was to apply a multiplex PCR targeting serogroups A, B, C1, D, E and Vi-positive strains of Salmonella enterica commonly found in Malaysia. A separate H-typing multiplex PCR which identified flagellar antigen "a", "b" or "d" was also optimized to confirm clinical serotypes, S. Paratyphi A and S. Typhi.
METHODOLOGY: Sixty-seven laboratory Salmonella enterica strains were tested. Six sets of primers targeting defined regions of the O antigen synthesis genes (rfb gene cluster) and Vi antigen gene (viaB) were selected and combined into a multiplex PCR for O-grouping. Four primers (H-for, Ha-rev, Hb-rev and Hd-rev) were used in the second step multiplex PCR for H-typing. The optimized mPCR assays were further evaluated with 58 blind-coded Salmonella strains.
RESULTS: The multiplex PCR results obtained showed 100% concordance to the conventionally typed serogroups. Validation with 58 blind coded Salmonella strains yield 100% accuracy and specificity.
CONCLUSION: Based on this study, PCR serogrouping proved to be a rapid, alternative method for further differentiation of Salmonella enterica.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella enterica/classification*; Salmonella enterica/genetics; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification*
DNA fingerprinting of human isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B in Malaysia

Goh YL, Yasin R, Puthucheary SD, Koh YT, Lim VK, Taib Z, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2003;95(5):1134-42.
PMID: 14633043

DNA fingerprinting of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B isolated in Malaysia during 1982-83, 1992 and 1996-2002 was carried out by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial susceptibility tests and D-tartrate utilization tests to assess the extent of genetic diversity of these isolates in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella paratyphi B/classification; Salmonella paratyphi B/drug effects; Salmonella paratyphi B/genetics*
Fulltext Salmonella spondylodiscitis of the thoracic vertebrae mimicking spine tuberculosis

Muhamad Effendi F, Ibrahim MI, Mohd Miswan MF

BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Jul 05;2016.
PMID: 27381996 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215909

Extraintestinal Salmonella infection involving the thoracic spine is very rare. It commonly presents with non-specific chronic back pain and can occur with no gastrointestinal manifestation. Blood test results and imaging findings are often indistinguishable from more common chronic spine infections such as spine tuberculosis. Culture studies remain the key to establishing a definitive diagnosis and subsequently successful treatment. We report a case in which a patient presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of spine tuberculosis, yet the culture examination revealed otherwise.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella; Salmonella Infections/diagnosis*; Salmonella Infections/drug therapy
Fulltext A rapid assessment of typhoid reporting system, Kelantan, Malaysia, 2001

Wan Mansor, H., Wan Mohd. Sulaili, W.S., Khalid, Y., Hamzah, A.M., Abdul Haris, M., Hani, M.H., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):27-30.
MyJurnal

A study was conducted in Kelantan, Mabysia, in the year 2001 , to assess the typhoid reporting coverage and timeliness, and to estimate the annual incidence. Cases were persons given the diagnosis of typhoid clinically, and conhrmed cases are those with positive laboratory results. In all, 174/252 (69%) cases (95% CI = 63%-75%) were reported, ofwhich 89/131 (83%) within 7 days of diagnosis. The estimated annual typhoid incidence in Kelantan is 37/ 1 00,000.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi
Fulltext Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Microbiological Quality of Broiler Chicken Pectoralis major Muscle Subjected to Different Storage Temperature and Duration

Ab Aziz MF, Hayat MN, Kaka U, Kamarulzaman NH, Sazili AQ

Foods, 2020 Jun 04;9(6).
PMID: 32512753 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060741

Storage temperature and duration plays an important role in meat processing. Observations in poultry processing plants have shown a serious deviation in storage condition compared to the recommended procedures. Furthermore, there is still a paucity of evidence on the effects of storage temperature and duration on meat quality and microbial population. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different temperature and duration during storage on physico-chemical properties and microbiological quality of broiler chicken Pectoralis major muscle. Eighty birds were slaughtered and processed, following which the packed boneless breast (PBB) (each bird was to provide two breast muscle samples; left breast and right breast) was divided into four groups, each consisted of 40 PBB. Each group was subsequently assigned to storage either at 4 °C, -10 °C, -18 °C or -40 °C, for 24 h before 20 PBB samples from each group were transported to the respective laboratory for meat quality and microbiological analysis. The remaining 20 PBB from each storage temperature were stored for 72 h before being transported for analysis. Results have shown significant increases in drip loss and cooking loss as the storage temperature decreases. Similarly, storage duration significantly affected cooking loss, of which, samples stored for 72 h exhibited higher cooking loss compared to those stored for 24 h. For color, significant differences were only observed in lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values. Longer duration of storage had significantly improved tenderness whereby, samples that have been stored for a shorter duration presented higher pH values. Populations of coliform and Salmonella decreased significantly with decreasing temperature and increasing storage duration.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella
Fulltext Whole-Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains TT6675 and TT9097 Employed in the Isolation and Characterization of a Giant Phage Mutant Collection

Gan HM, Eng WWH, Barton MK, Adams LE, Samsudin NA, Bartl AJ, et al.

Genome Announc, 2017 Aug 24;5(34).
PMID: 28839032 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00857-17

We report here the genome sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains TT6675 and TT9097, which we utilize for genetic analyses of giant bacterial viruses. Our analyses identified several genetic variations between the two strains, most significantly confirming strain TT6675 as a serine suppressor and TT9097 as a nonsuppressor.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhimurium
Increasing genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from papua new guinea over the period from 1992 to 1999

Thong KL, Goh YL, Yasin RM, Lau MG, Passey M, Winston G, et al.

J Clin Microbiol, 2002 Nov;40(11):4156-60.
PMID: 12409390

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA was performed on 133 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi obtained from Papua New Guinea, with the objective of assessing the temporal variation of these strains. Fifty-two strains that were isolated in 1992 and 1994 were of one phage type, D2, and only two predominant PFGE profiles, X1 and X2, were present. Another 81 strains isolated between 1997 and 1999 have shown divergence, with four new phage types, UVS I (n = 63), UVS (n = 5), VNS (n = 4), and D1 (n = 9), and more genetic variability as evidenced by the multiple and new PFGE XbaI profiles (21 profiles; Dice coefficient, F = 0.71 to 0.97). The two profiles X1 and X2 have remained the stable, dominant subtypes since 1992. Cluster analysis based on the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages algorithm identifies two main clusters (at 87% similarity), indicating that the divergence of the PFGE subtypes was probably derived from some genomic mutations of the X1 and X2 subtypes. The majority of isolates were from patients with mild and moderate typhoid fever and had various XbaI profiles. A single isolate from a patient with fatal typhoid fever had a unique X11 profile, while four of six isolates from patients with severe typhoid fever had the X1 pattern. In addition, 12 paired serovar Typhi isolates recovered from the blood and fecal swabs of individual patients exhibited similar PFGE patterns, while in another 11 individuals paired isolates exhibited different PFGE patterns. Three pairs of isolates recovered from three individuals had different phage types and PFGE patterns, indicating infection with multiple strains. The study reiterates the usefulness of PFGE in assessing the genetic diversity of S. enterica serovar Typhi for both long-term epidemiology and in vivo stability and instability within an individual patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/classification*; Salmonella typhi/genetics; Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification
Molecular analysis of isolates of Salmonella typhi obtained from patients with fatal and nonfatal typhoid fever

Thong KL, Passey M, Clegg A, Combs BG, Yassin RM, Pang T

J Clin Microbiol, 1996 Apr;34(4):1029-33.
PMID: 8815078

Molecular characterization of a total of 52 human isolates of Salmonella typhi from Papua New Guinea was performed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of chromosomal DNA with three restriction endonucleases, XbaI (5'-TCTAGA-3'), AvrII (5'-CCTAGG-3'), and SpeI (5'-ACTAGT-3'). Of the 52 isolates tested, 11 were obtained from patients with fatal typhoid fever and 41 were obtained from patients with nonfatal disease. The 52 isolates showed limited genetic diversity as evidenced by only three different PFGE patterns detected following digestion with XbaI (patterns X1 to X3; F [coefficient of similarity] = 0.86 to 1.0), four patterns detected following digestion with AvrII (patterns A1 to A4; F =0.78 to 1.0), and two patterns detected following digestion with SpeI (patterns S1 and S2; F = 0.97 to 1.0). Of the 52 isolates, 37 were phage typed, and all belonged to phage type D2. All 11 isolates obtained from patients with fatal typhoid fever were identical (F = 1.0) and possessed the PFGE pattern combination X1S1A1, whereas the 41 isolates from patients with nonfatal typhoid fever had various PFGE pattern combinations, the most common being X2S1A2 (39%), X1S1A1 (24%), and X1S1A2 (15%). Thus, all the isolates from patients with the fatal disease had the X1 and A1 patterns, whereas the majority of the isolates from patients with nonfatal typhoid fever possessed the X2 and A2 patterns. The data suggest that there is an association among strains of S. typhi between genotype, as assessed by PFGE patterns, and the capability to cause fatal illness. Analysis of blood and fecal isolates of S. typhi from the same patient also indicated that some genetic changes occur in vivo during the course of infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/genetics*; Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification*; Salmonella typhi/pathogenicity
Epidemiologic analysis of sporadic Salmonella typhi isolates and those from outbreaks by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Thong KL, Cheong YM, Puthucheary S, Koh CL, Pang T

J Clin Microbiol, 1994 May;32(5):1135-41.
PMID: 7914202

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare and analyze 158 isolates of Salmonella typhi from five well-defined outbreaks of typhoid fever in Malaysia and also isolates involved in sporadic cases of typhoid fever occurring during the same period. Digestion of chromosomal DNAs from these S. typhi isolates with the restriction endonucleases XbaI (5'-TCTAGA-3'), SpeI (5'-ACTAGT-3'), and AvrII (5'-CCTAGG-3') and then PFGE produced restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) patterns consisting of 11 to 24 DNA fragments ranging in size from 20 to 630 kbp. Analysis of the REA patterns generated by PFGE after digestion with XbaI and SpeI indicated that the S. typhi isolates obtained from sporadic cases of infection were much more heterogeneous (at least 13 different REA patterns were detected; Dice coefficient, between 0.73 and 1.0) than those obtained during outbreaks of typhoid fever. The clonal nature and the close genetic identities of isolates from outbreaks in Alor Setar, Penang, Kota Kinabalu, Johor Bahru, and Kota Bahru were suggested by the fact that only a limited number of REA patterns, which mostly differed by only a single band, were detected (one to four patterns; Dice coefficient, between 0.82 and 1.0), although a different pattern was associated with each of these outbreaks. Comparison of REA patterns with ribotyping for 18 S. typhi isolates involved in sporadic cases of infection showed a good correlation, in that 72% of the isolates were in the same group. There was no clear correlation of phage types with a specific REA pattern. We conclude that PFGE of s. typhi chromosomal DNA digested with infrequently cutting restriction endonucleases is a useful method for comparing and differentiating S. typhi isolates for epidemiological purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/classification; Salmonella typhi/genetics; Salmonella typhi/isolation & purification*
Lacto-fermented garlic sauce improved the quality and extended the shelf life of lamb meat under the chilled condition

Hajar-Azhari S, Daud N, Muhialdin BJ, Joghee N, Kadum H, Meor Hussin AS

Int J Food Microbiol, 2023 Jun 16;395:110190.
PMID: 37030193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110190

This study evaluated the potential of fermented garlic as a marinated lamb sauce ingredient to improve the quality and shelf life of chilled lamb. Garlic was subjected to Lacto-fermentation for 72 h at 37 °C using Lacticaseibacillus casei. The 1H NMR metabolomics profile showed the presence of eight amino acids and five organic acids in fermented garlic, indicating the attribution to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The FRAP and DPPH assays of fermented garlic revealed antioxidant activities of 0.45 ± 0.09 mmol/100 g DW and 93.85 ± 0.02 %, respectively. Meanwhile, fermented garlic inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (95 %), Staphylococcus aureus (99 %) and Salmonella Typhimurium (98 %). When fermented garlic was added to the marinade sauce, it successfully reduced the microbial load of lamb meat by 0.5 log CFU/g after 3 days of storage. There were no significant differences in color between the control and marinated lamb after 3 days of marinating in a sauce formulated with fermented garlic. Furthermore, marinated lamb significantly improved water-holding capacity, texture, juiciness, and overall acceptance. These findings indicated a potential addition of fermented garlic in marinade lamb sauce recipes to improve the quality and safety of meat products.

Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhimurium

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