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  1. Current utilization patterns for long-acting insulin analogues including biosimilars among selected Asian countries and the implications for the future
    Godman B, Haque M, Kumar S, Islam S, Charan J, Akter F, et al.
    Curr Med Res Opin, 2021 09;37(9):1529-1545.
    PMID: 34166174 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1946024
    INTRODUCTION: Prevalence rates for diabetes mellitus continue to rise, which, coupled with increasing costs of complications, has appreciably increased expenditure in recent years. Poor glycaemic control including hypoglycaemia enhances complication rates and associated morbidity, mortality and costs. Consequently, this needs to be addressed. Whilst the majority of patients with diabetes have type-2 diabetes, a considerable number of patients with diabetes require insulin to help control their diabetes. Long-acting insulin analogues were developed to reduce hypoglycaemia associated with insulin and help improve adherence, which can be a concern. However, their considerably higher costs have impacted on their funding and use, especially in countries with affordability issues. Biosimilars can help reduce the costs of long-acting insulin analogues thereby increasing available choices. However, the availability and use of long-acting insulin analogues can be affected by limited price reductions versus originators and limited demand-side initiatives to encourage their use. Consequently, we wanted to assess current utilisation rates for long-acting insulin analogues, especially biosimilars, and the rationale for patterns seen, across multiple Asian countries ranging from Japan (high-income) to Pakistan (lower-income) to inform future strategies.

    METHODOLOGY: Multiple approaches including assessing utilization and prices of insulins including biosimilars among six Asian countries and comparing the findings especially with other middle-income countries.

    RESULTS: Typically, there was increasing use of long-acting insulin analogues among the selected Asian countries. This was especially the case enhanced by biosimilars in Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia reflecting their perceived benefits. However, there was limited use in Pakistan due to issues of affordability similar to a number of African countries. The high use of biosimilars in Bangladesh, India and Malaysia was helped by issues of affordability and local production. The limited use of biosimilars in Japan and Korea reflects limited price reductions and demand-side initiatives similar to a number of European countries.

    CONCLUSIONS: Increasing use of long-acting insulin analogues across countries is welcomed, adding to the range of insulins available, which increasingly includes biosimilars. A number of activities are needed to enhance the use of long-acting insulin analogue biosimilars in Japan, Korea and Pakistan.

    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  2. Fulltext Peripheral Follicular T Helper Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Represent Activated Phenotypes During the Febrile Phase of Acute Dengue Virus Infection
    Preeyaa SU, Murugesan A, Sopnajothi S, Yong YK, Tan HY, Larsson M, et al.
    Viral Immunol, 2020 11;33(9):610-615.
    PMID: 32996843 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0149
    Peripheral follicular helper T (pTfh) cells represent specialized CD4+ T cells that help B cells to secrete antibodies. Dengue infection appears to cause immune activation in a wide array of immune cells. Herein, we investigated the signatures of immune activation of circulating Tfh cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in adult subjects with confirmed acute clinical dengue virus (DENV) infection by multiparametric flow cytometry. The acute DENV infection induced a significant expansion of highly activated pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells during acute febrile infection. We found a higher frequency of activated PD-1+ Tfh cells and CD38+ pTfh cells in clinical DENV infection. We also found similar activated and expanding phenotypes of MAIT cells in the patients tested. The total counts of activated pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells were higher in dengue patients relative to healthy controls. We concluded that pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells represent activated phenotypes in acute DENV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  3. Prospects and Challenges of MXenes as Emerging Sensing Materials for Flexible and Wearable Breath-Based Biomarker Diagnosis
    Hermawan A, Amrillah T, Riapanitra A, Ong WJ, Yin S
    Adv Healthc Mater, 2021 10;10(20):e2100970.
    PMID: 34318999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100970
    A fully integrated, flexible, and functional sensing device for exhaled breath analysis drastically transforms conventional medical diagnosis to non-invasive, low-cost, real-time, and personalized health care. 2D materials based on MXenes offer multiple advantages for accurately detecting various breath biomarkers compared to conventional semiconducting oxides. High surface sensitivity, large surface-to-weight ratio, room temperature detection, and easy-to-assemble structures are vital parameters for such sensing devices in which MXenes have demonstrated all these properties both experimentally and theoretically. So far, MXenes-based flexible sensor is successfully fabricated at a lab-scale and is predicted to be translated into clinical practice within the next few years. This review presents a potential application of MXenes as emerging materials for flexible and wearable sensor devices. The biomarkers from exhaled breath are described first, with emphasis on metabolic processes and diseases indicated by abnormal biomarkers. Then, biomarkers sensing performances provided by MXenes families and the enhancement strategies are discussed. The method of fabrications toward MXenes integration into various flexible substrates is summarized. Finally, the fundamental challenges and prospects, including portable integration with Internet-of-Thing (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are addressed to realize marketization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  4. Satiation or satiety? More than mere semantics - Authors' reply
    Carbone MF, Mahadeva S, Lacy BE, Talley NJ, Ford AC
    Lancet, 2021 03 20;397(10279):1061.
    PMID: 33743867 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00239-7
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  5. Fulltext The impact of personality, skill, core competent level, professional training and transformation strategy as professional practice by administration towards teachers' commitment in secondary school in Sabah. [Impak personaliti, kemahiran, tahap kompetensi teras, latihan profesional serta strategi tranformasi amalan profesional pentadbir terhadap komitmen guru di sekolah-sekolah menengah di Sabah.]
    Intang I, Mohd Sharif S
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(6):193-203.
    MyJurnal
    This article is aimed to research and to know the impact of personality, skill, core competent level professional training and transformation strategy as professional practice by the administrator towards teachers’ commitment in secondary school in Sabah. The country needs education system transformation and the school admins are seen to be the vital element in developing a High Performance School in facing the challenge of the 21st century. The research framework is based on the Northhouse Main Leadership Model Trait (2003, 2007), School Leadership Competency IAB (2009), Katz Three Model Skills (1974), Effective Leadership Framework by Strike, Sims, Mann and Whilhite (2016) and Teachers Commitment (Danneta, 2002). Qualitative research design is used with stratified random sampling with 1440 samples from 30 urban secondary schools and 30 rural secondary schools. The instrument used in this research is a set of questionnaire that was set by the researcher based on the observation and literature review. The finding of the research is hoped to give the best innovation strategy to prepare and to produce a highly qualified principal or headmaster to lead the school organization and to ensure the success of the National Education Development Plan (PPPM 2013-2025).
    Keywords: leadership, teachers' comitment, national education development plan
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  6. Making music: Let's not be too quick to abandon the byproduct hypothesis
    Stewart-Williams S
    Behav Brain Sci, 2021 09 30;44:e113.
    PMID: 34588037 DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X20001119
    It is premature to conclude that music is an adaptation. Given the danger of overextending the adaptationist mode of explanation, the default position should be the byproduct hypothesis, and it should take very strong evidence to drag us into the adaptationist camp. As yet, the evidence isn't strong enough - and the proposed adaptationist explanations have a number of unresolved difficulties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  7. Contribution based author categorization to calculate author performance index
    Rahman MT, Regenstein JM, Abu Kassim NL, Karim MM
    Account Res, 2021 11;28(8):492-516.
    PMID: 33290665 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2020.1860764
    Despite the widely used author contribution criteria, unethical authorship practices such as guest, ghost, and honorary authorship remain largely unsolved. We have identified six major reasons by analyzing 78 published papers addressing unethical authorship practice. Those are lack of: (i) awareness about and (ii) compliance with authorship criteria, (iii) universal definition and scope for determining authorship, (iv) common mechanisms for positioning an author in the list, (v) quantitative measures of intellectual contribution; and (vi) pressure to publish. As a  measure to control unethical practice, we have evaluated the possibility to adopt an author categorization scheme - proposed according to the common understanding of how first-, co-, principal-, or corresponding- author is perceived. Based on an online opinion survey, the scheme was supported by ~80% of the respondents (n=370). The impact of the proposed categorization was then evaluated using a novel mathematical tool to measure "Author Performance Index (API)" that can be higher for those who might have authored more papers as primary and/or principal authors than those as coauthors. Hence, if adopted, the proposed author categorization scheme together with the API would provide a better way to evaluate the credit of an individual as a primary and principal author.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  8. Pseudotumor of the Infratemporal Fossa Complicated with Orbital Apex Syndromes
    Hafizzi Awang NMS, Mohd Noor R, Ramli R, Abdullah B
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2022 Jan;1(38):78-81.
    PMID: 35156648
    BACKGROUND: The infratemporal fossa poses a great challenge to surgeons due to its complex anatomy and communications to many surrounding areas. The disorders that arise from this area can be infections and neoplasms. They can cause varieties of complications due to the extension of the pathologies and compression effect to the other adjacent structures. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the infratemporal fossa is one of the rare disorders of the head and neck.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient with a pseudotumor of infratemporal fossa that extends to the orbital area and cavernous sinus, causing orbital apex syndromes. The diagnostic imaging, different surgical approaches of the biopsy and methods of treatment of this case are discussed.

    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Radiological imaging and immunohistopathology are essential in establishing the diagnosis and determine the complications. The surgeons must well understand the characteristics and the impact of the disorders on the adjacent structure and give prompt decision to provide definitive treatments.

    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  9. Fulltext Harmonic Components Analysis of Emitted Ultraviolet Signals of Aged Transmission Line Insulators under Different Surface Discharge Intensities
    Suhaimi SMI, Muhamad NA, Bashir N, Mohd Jamil MK, Abdul Rahman MN
    Sensors (Basel), 2022 Jan 18;22(3).
    PMID: 35161466 DOI: 10.3390/s22030722
    Flashover on transmission line insulators is one of the major causes of line outages due to contamination from the environment or ageing. Power utility companies practicing predictive maintenance are currently exploring novel non-contact methods to monitor insulator surface discharge activities to prevent flashover. This paper presents an investigation on the UV pulse signals detected using UV pulse sensor due to the discharges on the insulator surfaces under varying contamination levels and insulator ages. Unaged and naturally aged insulators (0 to >20 years) were artificially contaminated (none, light to heavy contamination). The electrical stresses on the insulator surfaces were varied to generate varying discharge intensity levels on the surfaces of the insulator. The DC and harmonic components of UV pulse signals detected during surface discharges were recorded and analysed. Results show a positive correlation between the discharge intensity level of contaminated and aged transmission insulators with the DC and harmonic components of the UV pulse signals. Furthermore, the study revealed that under dry insulator surface conditions, insulator ageing has a more profound effect during discharges than contamination level. The findings from this study suggest that the use of UV pulse sensors to monitor UV pulse signals emitted during insulator surface discharges can be another novel non-contact method of monitoring transmission line insulator surface conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  10. Interpretation of radiomics features-A pictorial review
    Abbasian Ardakani A, Bureau NJ, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2022 Mar;215:106609.
    PMID: 34990929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106609
    Radiomics is a newcomer field that has opened new windows for precision medicine. It is related to extraction of a large number of quantitative features from medical images, which may be difficult to detect visually. Underlying tumor biology can change physical properties of tissues, which affect patterns of image pixels and radiomics features. The main advantage of radiomics is that it can characterize the whole tumor non-invasively, even after a single sampling from an image. Therefore, it can be linked to a "digital biopsy". Physicians need to know about radiomics features to determine how their values correlate with the appearance of lesions and diseases. Indeed, physicians need practical references to conceive of basics and concepts of each radiomics feature without knowing their sophisticated mathematical formulas. In this review, commonly used radiomics features are illustrated with practical examples to help physicians in their routine diagnostic procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  11. Thyroglobulin determination on silane-antibody functionalized interdigitated dielectrode surface to diagnose thyroid tumor
    Wang Y, Sun X, Gopinath SCB, Saheed MSM, Wang X
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2022 Feb;69(1):376-382.
    PMID: 33538049 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2116
    Thyroid cancer appears in endocrine glands and specific to thyroid glands has been reported widely. This work was targeted to identify and quantify thyroglobulin by using antithyroglobulin antibody complexed silane surface on interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing surface. (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane linker was used to make silane-coupling with antibody and attached on the hydroxylated IDE. This electroanalytical IDE revealed the dose-dependent responses with thyroglobulin concentrations. By getting increments with the thyroglobulin concentrations, the current responses were enhanced concomitantly and the thyroglobulin detection limit was noted as 1 pM on the linear curve [y = 0.1311x + 0.5386; R² = 0.9707] with the sensitivity at lower picomolar range. Moreover, the control experiments with thyroid peroxidase and nonimmune antibody cannot yield any response of current, confirming the specific detection of thyroglobulin. This research set-up is useful to determine and quantify the thyroglobulin and diagnose thyroid cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  12. Fulltext Challenges for Healthcare Workers Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
    Setiawan HW, Pratiwi IN, Nimah L, Pawanis Z, Bakhtiar A, Fauzinigtyas R, et al.
    Inquiry, 2021 12 10;58:469580211060291.
    PMID: 34879719 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211060291
    COVID-19 pandemic raises various challenges faced by health workers in hospitals. This study explored strategies for overcoming challenges in caring for COVID-19 patients at hospitals in Indonesia based on healthcare workers' experience. In-depth interviews were employed with 28 healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) who were purposively sampled. Data were collected via phone and analysed using the Colaizzi method. Five following challenges were found: difficulties in working with personal protective equipment (PPE), offline training for handling Covid and using PPE not being implemented evenly for all health workers, physical and psychological fatigue, difficulties in carrying out health education and assessment towards patients and families, and limited resources to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, some barriers require support from the government, public and hospital managers. The information gained from research on the strategies for caring for COVID-19 patients can contribute to better preparedness for hospitals and health workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  13. The effect of educational intervention on enhancing the empathy among nursing students
    Ahmad A, Wahab H, Seman N
    Enferm Clin, 2020 03;30 Suppl 3:100-103.
    PMID: 32331728 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.12.038
    With the revision on the concept of empathy, this study attempted to teach empathy to nursing students with the goal of to increase the students' empathy levels.
    METHOD: We conducted a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent group design and incorporated empathy training, pre- and post-training empathy measurements of participants in a private nursing college (N=64). Empathy scores were measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (2001) and the educational intervention used was Wlodkowski and Ginsberg's Motivational Framework for Culturally Responsive Teaching (1995). Descriptive analysis and paired T-test were used to determine the effect of intervention applied.
    RESULTS: The study found increased mean score for both control and experimental group during post-intervention as compared to pre-intervention mean score.
    CONCLUSIONS: The result indicates the effectiveness of educational intervention in enhancing empathy among nursing students in the experimental group.
    Study site: private nursing college, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  14. Assessment of breast dose and cancer risk for young females during CT chest and abdomen examinations
    Tamam N, Sulieman A, Omer H, Toufig H, Alsaadi M, Salah H, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2022 Dec;190:110452.
    PMID: 36183658 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110452
    CT scanning deliver much higher radiation doses than planar radiological procedures, which puts patients to high risks. This study measures and evaluates patient doses during chest and abdomen computed tomography procedures. Particular attention is given to measuring the dose to the equivalent breast (mSv) and to estimate the associated risks of breast cancer to young female patients (15-35 years). Data was obtained from standard examinations from three hospitals. The measured values of CT dose indexes, CTDI (mGy) as well as exposure-related parameters were used for assessment. Breast and effective doses were extrapolated using a software. The results showed remarkable variations of the mean organ equivalent doses for similar CT examinations in the studied hospitals. This could be attributed to the variation in CT scanning imaging technique, and clinical indications. The average effective dose to the chest was 7.9 mSv (2.3-47.0 mSv) and for the abdomen the mean dose was 6.6 mSv, ranging from (3.3-27 mSv). The breast received equivalent doses from chest and abdomen procedures as follows: 10.2 (1.6-33 mSv) and 10.1(2.3-19 mS) Sv respectively. Each procedure yielded high risks of breast cancer for young females. Implementation of accurate referral criteria is recommended to avoid unnecessary breast radiation exposure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  15. Fulltext Sustainable fall prevention across Europe: challenges and opportunities
    van der Velde N, Seppala L, Petrovic M, Ryg J, Tan MP, Montero-Odasso M, et al.
    Aging Clin Exp Res, 2022 Oct;34(10):2553-2556.
    PMID: 35829992 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02178-w
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  16. Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Infants and Toddlers: An Unexplored Area
    Kow RY, Low CL, Awang MS
    J Invest Surg, 2023 12;36(1):1-2.
    PMID: 36345727 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2136803
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  17. Fulltext Composting for a More Sustainable Palm Oil Waste Management: A Systematic Literature Review
    Supriatna J, Setiawati MR, Sudirja R, Suherman C, Bonneau X
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2022;2022:5073059.
    PMID: 36408196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5073059
    Palm oil production has increased significantly, specifically in Indonesia and Malaysia. However, this growth has raised environmental concerns due to the high discharge of empty fruit bunches, palm oil mill effluents, and other solid wastes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the treatment of palm oil waste by composting and systematically review insights into its application through a systematic literature review approach. Among the 1155 articles, a total of 135 were selected for a systematic review of palm oil waste management developments and their applications, while 14 were used for determining compost quality according to the criteria and requirements established in the systematic literature review. Moreover, using Egger's test, JAMOVI 1.6.23 software was used to analyze random effects models with 95% confidence intervals and publication bias. The results showed that palm oil waste was optimally treated by composting, which is considered as a sustainable technology for protecting the environment, human safety, and economic value. The in-vessel method with a controlled composting chamber is the best system with a minimum time of 14 days. However, it requires tight control and provides a final product with a high microbial colony form outdoors and indoors compared to the windrow system. This study is useful to see the bias of research results and helps to find new studies that need to be developed, especially in this case related to the management of palm oil waste into organic compost fertilizer and its application methods in the field. It is suggested that applying palm oil waste or compost is mainly performed by mulching. In contrast, new challenges for better processing to produce organic fertilizers and applicable technologies for sustainable waste management are recommended. The method must be affordable, efficient, and practical, combining compost quality with maximum nutrient recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  18. Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Use to Strengthen Respiratory Health during and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
    Booi HN, Lee MK, Fung SY, Ng ST, Tan CS, Lim KH, et al.
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2022;24(10):1-14.
    PMID: 36374826 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022045068
    COVID-19 infection has been a key threat to the public health system globally, with an estimated 248 million cases worldwide. COVID-19 patients are subject to a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory disorders that are closely associated with long-term disability, multi-morbidity, and premature mortality. Although there have been recent advancements in respiratory treatment regimens, there has also been increased interest in the use of medicinal mushrooms in bridging the unaddressed pathways of action within the treatment algorithms. In this review, we provide a collection of medicinal mushrooms that are beneficial in promoting respiratory health and potentially reducing COVID-19 symptoms in patients who are newly diagnosed and those who have recovered. While reviewing the use of immunomodulatory pathways, which have shown promising results in tackling side effects and post-COVID syndromes, we also provide insights into how the antioxidant elements present in medicinal mushrooms help to achieve the same results, especially in the prophylactic and therapeutic management of COVID-19 infection. To date, medicinal mushrooms are regarded as a functional food, which, however, need further quality, safety, and efficacy assessments. These requirements are also highlighted in the present review to promote the future development and application of medicinal mushrooms for better respiratory health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  19. Fulltext Drainage of Complex Walled-Off Pancreatic Fluid Collections in LAMS Era: A Multicenter Study
    Luangsukrerk T, Harinwan K, Khoo S, Kongkam P
    Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022;2022:9250370.
    PMID: 36345379 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9250370
    BACKGROUND: The lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has been increasingly used for EUS-guided drainage of symptomatic walled-off pancreatic fluid collection (WOPFC) in recent years. Nevertheless, some WOPFCs may require additional drainage methods including another LAMS as a result of complexity of the lesions. This current study aimed to compare clinical parameters of patients with complex WOPFC requiring LAMS with additional methods (complex WOPFC: group A) versus single LAMS alone (noncomplex WOPFC; group B).

    METHOD: Medical records of patients with complex (group A) versus noncomplex WOPFCs (group B) were reviewed and compared in three centers in Thailand and Malaysia, between January 2016 to December 2020.

    RESULT: 31 patients with WOPFCs were recruited. 6 of 31 (19%) patients were in group A. Multivariate analysis showed that the maximal diameter of WOPFCs in group A was significantly larger than that of group B (18 ± 6 versus 13 ± 3 cm in diameter, respectively, p = 0.021). Solid component proportion was higher in group A versus B (35.8% versus 17.8%, respectively, p = 0.025). The prevalence of pancreatic duct leakage was significantly higher in group A (67% versus 20%, p = 0.23). The need of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) and the number of DEN sessions were higher in group A versus B (100% vs. 48%, p = 0.020 and 3.5 vs 0 p = 0.031, respectively).

    CONCLUSIONS: Complex WOPFC had larger diameter of lesions, higher proportion of solid component, higher prevalence of pancreatic duct leakage, and higher number of DEN is required than group noncomplex lesions. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with TCTR20180223004.

    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  20. A rare case of persistent large cystic breast tumor mimicking as malignant cystic breast cancer
    Teh MS, Teoh LY, See MH
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2022;18(6):1804-1807.
    PMID: 36412448 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_631_20
    Breast cyst, especially galactocele is usually benign. Needle aspiration or surgical removal are both diagnostic and therapeutic. Mastectomy is not necessary even if the whole breast is affected, but surgeons need to be vigilant. We describe a rare case of persistent and large breast cyst.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
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