Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 546 in total

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  1. Topographical anatomy of the profunda femoris artery and the femoral nerve: normal and abnormal relationships
    Choy KW, Kogilavani S, Norshalizah M, Rani S, Aspalilah A, Hamzi H, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):17-9.
    PMID: 23455736 DOI: 10.7417/T.2013.1504
    Femoral nerve (FN) is the largest branch of lumbar plexus. It lies lateral to femoral artery (FA) and it is located outside the femoral sheath. Profunda femoris artery (PFA) is a branch of the FA. The present study aimed to observe the topographical anatomy and relationship of the PFA and the FN.
  2. Use Piper sarmentosum as an effective antidiabetic supplement in South East Asia: a review
    Zar CT, Teoh SL, Das S, Zaiton Z, Farihah HS
    Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):505-10.
    PMID: 23306747
    Herbs with antidiabetic activity have a potential role to play. Herbal medicines have been widely used in South East Asia because of lesser side effects and cost effectiveness. The main aim of this review article was to disseminate important information regarding the use of herbal products in oxidative stress involved in diseases like diabetes mellitus. The article highlights some of the traditional medicinal plants which have been widely used in South East Asia with special emphasis on Piper sarmentosum. Piper sarmentosum have been reported to possess varying degree of hypoglycemic, antidiabetic and other additional properties. The antioxidant properties of the herbs may be effective in controlling the oxidative damage produced during diabetes mellitus. The review article highlights the positive role of traditional herbs towards diabetes mellitus and also describes its complications.
  3. Absence of the isthmus of the thyroid gland: anatomical and clinical considerations
    Taty-Anna K, Farihah HS, Norzana AG, Farida H, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):503-4.
    PMID: 23306746
    The right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by an isthmus. The isthmus lies at the level of the second and third tracheal rings. Occasionaly, the isthmus may be absent. We hereby, report the absence of isthmus in a 52-year-old male cadaver of unknown origin. Both the right and left lobes were normal but they were separated. Both the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland measured 4.3 cm vertically. The separation distance between right and left glands was noted at the upper, middle and lower parts. The upper end of medial border of both lobes were separated by a distance of 1 cm while the separation distance was 0.7 cm and 1.5 cm at the middle and lower parts, respectively. The anatomical and clinical significance of absence of isthmus is important for medical personnel and the surgeons operating on the thyroid gland. The present case report is a an attempt to highlight such.
  4. A rare case of intussusception associated with metastasized small cell carcinoma of lung
    Jarmin R, Azman A, Rahim R, Kosai NR, Das S
    Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(11):782-4.
    PMID: 23292632
    Intussusception is common cause of bowel obstruction in the paediatric age group compared to the elderly population. Many times, the diagnosis may be difficult because of asymptomatic nature of this bowel disorder. We hereby describe the case of a 75-year-old male who presented with lethargy, weakness, loss of movement in the joints and was found to be anemic. The haemoglobin level was low so he was transfused with packed cells. On gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, upper GI bleed was observed. A mass was observed beyond ampulla at the 2nd and 3rd part of the duodenal junction. Computerized tomography (CT) scan also showed a mass at the head of pancreas and the lesion at the left lung. In view of persistent bleed, 'Whipple's procedure' was performed. Histopathological examination showed small cell carcinoma of the lungs with metastasis to the pancreas and the jejunum. We here discuss the case of intussusception with intestinal metastasis which presented with gastrointestinal bleeding.
  5. Laparoendoscopic Transgastric Enucleation of an awkwardly sited Peri-Cardial Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST): A Multi- Modal Approach
    Kosai NR, Rajan R, Roslani EJ, Sutton PA, Mustafa M, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2015 Nov-Dec;166(6):248-52.
    PMID: 26794812 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1896
    In the modern era of surgery, minimally invasive surgery is increasingly applied for excision of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Site, size and tumor location are important factors that affect the surgical approach and excision. We performed a laparoendoscopic transgastric enucleation of a 4-cm pericardial endophytic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) using an energy device. The surgery was successful and post-operative recovery uneventful. No tumor recurrence was detected on surveillance gastroscopy. In the safe hands of a well-trained laparoscopic upper gastrointestinal surgeon, pericardial GIST can be enucleated safely by this method. The avoidance of surgical staplers is not only cost-effective, but also reduces the risk of associated complications.
  6. Adductor accessorius - an unusual supernumerary adductor muscle of thigh
    Goel S, Arora J, Mehta V, Sharma M, Suri RK, Rath G, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2015;166(3):114-7.
    PMID: 26152618 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1840
    The knowledge of variant anatomy of medial compartment of thigh is extremely important in surgical procedures requiring obturator nerve block. The nerve block is also recommended for providing additional analgesia following major knee surgeries and for relieving painful adductor muscle spasm. The interfascial injection technique is commonly followed in ultrasound guided obturator nerve block. For this procedure it is imperative to identify the adductor muscles on sonography to inject the anesthetic solution in the intermuscular fascial planes. The presence of an additional muscle can prove useful in myocutaneous flap surgeries for reconstruction especially of perineum. We hereby report a case of such an anomalous supernumerary adductor muscle present between adductor brevis and proximal part of adductor magnus, in an adult Indian male cadaver, recorded during routine dissection in Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital. The muscle was innervated by the posterior division of obturator nerve. The morphology, embryological basis and clinical aspects are also discussed.
  7. Rare atypical vascular pattern of subscapular artery: Anatomico-clinical insight
    Kumar A, Goel S, Arora J, Mehta V, Pakhiddey R, Suri RK, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2015;166(3):118-20.
    PMID: 26152619 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1841
    The use of muscles of scapular region in transposition and reparative surgery has made the anatomical knowledge of axillary artery and its branches imperative. The subscapular arterial tree is frequently used as a source of microvascular grafts to replace damaged or diseased portion of arteries especially in upper and lower limbs. This investigation is aimed to study the variation in branching pattern of the third part of axillary artery.
  8. Unusual branching pattern of brachial artery - Embryological basis and clinicoanatomical insight
    Hansdak R, Arora J, Sharma M, Mehta V, Suri RK, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2015;166(2):65-7.
    PMID: 25945432 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1817
    Variations in the arterial pattern of upper limb are of colossal importance to the surgeons as they are liable to iatrogenic injuries. During routine dissection for undergraduate medical students, an anomaly of brachial artery was discovered. The brachial artery terminated at higher level into ulnar and radial artery. The common interosseus artery took origin arising from radial artery. The ulnar artery did not give any branches in the forearm. Both radial and ulnar artery displayed a superficial course in the forearm. The anatomical knowledge of these variations may be of great help for the clinicians in planning and conducting flap harvesting during reconstructive surgeries and in arteriography.
  9. Heated palm oil causes rise in blood pressure and cardiac changes in heart muscle in experimental rats
    Leong XF, Aishah A, Nor Aini U, Das S, Jaarin K
    Arch Med Res, 2008 Aug;39(6):567-72.
    PMID: 18662587 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.04.009
    Palm oil used worldwide contains considerable amounts of antioxidants, namely, vitamin E and carotenes. The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of heated palm oil on blood pressure and observe the cardiac histological changes in rats.
  10. Fulltext Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma
    Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Oct 13;21(20).
    PMID: 33066062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539
    Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
  11. Therapeutic Targeting of Inflammatory Pathways with Emphasis on NLRP3 Inflammasomes by Natural Products: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Eye Diseases
    Soliman AM, Sim RH, Das S, Mahakkannurauh P
    Curr Med Chem, 2021 Sep 10.
    PMID: 34514977 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210910154330
    There is an increase in the incidence of inflammatory eye diseases worldwide. Several dysregulated inflammatory pathways, including the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, have been reported to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and progression of ophthalmic diseases. Although the available allopathic/conventional medicine has demonstrated effectiveness in managing eye diseases, there is an ongoing global demand for alternative therapeutics with minimal adverse drug reactions, easy availability, increase in patient-compliance, and better disease outcome. Therefore, several studies are investigating the utilization of natural products and herbal formulations in impeding inflammatory pathways, including the NLRP3 inflammasome, in order to prevent or manage eye diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recently reported inflammatory pathways with special emphasis on NLRP3 Inflammasomes involved in the development of eye diseases. Furthermore, we present a variety of natural products and phytochemicals that were reported to interfere with these pathways and their underlying mechanisms of action. These natural products represent potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of several inflammatory eye diseases.
  12. Fulltext Diabetes mellitus and diet: few important facts to ponder. [Kencing manis dan diet: beberapa fakta penting untuk direnungi bersama]
    Das S, Suhaimi F, Ho C, Ho SE
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;13(1):33-37.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia. There is either disturbance in insulin secretion or defective insulin action or even a combination of both. Usually, there are few confounding factors like genetic, obesity, sedentary life style, atherosclerosis, and even faulty dietary habits which lead or aggravate DM. Usually, the individual does not care and often the complications resulting from hyperglycaemia are fatal. Complications in DM involve the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal and neurological systems in the body. Treatment of diabetic complications is not only costly but it is also a burden on the affected families. The present review discusses the challenges faced in DM with special concern on diet and food habits. Knowledge of proper food consumption may also help an individual combat complication in DM and reduce the mortality and morbidity.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; complications; food; habits; mortality; morbidity
  13. A prospective cohort study on quality of life after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis
    Dharmaraj B, Kosai NR, Gendeh H, Ramzisham AR, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2016;167(3):67-71.
    PMID: 27424505 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2016.1928
    BACKGROUND: Hyperhidrosis is an excessive sweating disorder affecting quality of life. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS), introduced by Kux in 1951, is currently the gold standard surgical treatment for primary hyperhidrosis. 75% of patients with primary hyperhidrosis have seen improvement in quality of life within 30 days after surgery. Compensatory hyperhidrosis and pneumothorax (up to 75%) have been reported in patients after surgery. This study evaluates the functional status, self- esteem, compensatory hyperhidrosis and quality of life among patient with primary hyperhidrosis before and after undergoing ETS.
    METHOD: Fifty (n=50) patients between the ages 18 to 30, with primary hyperhidrosis were recruited. Patients answered the quality of life questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire prior to surgery and 30 days post surgery on follow up. Any post-operative complications were documented. Telephone interviews were held for patients who were unable to attend the clinics for follow-up.
    RESULTS: Forty six patients (92%) had symptomatic relieve within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of compensatory sweating was 78% (39 patients), with 6 patients developing severe hyperhidrosis. Two patients who did not experience symptomatic relieve, developed compensatory hyperhidrosis. Pneumothorax was documented in 8 patients (16%), with 6 patients requiring chest tubes. Significant improvement in quality of life and self-esteem was seen among patients after surgery.
    CONCLUSIONS: ETS has shown to significantly improve the quality of life and self-esteem of patients with primary hyperhidrosis within 30 days of surgery. However, the rate of compensatory hyperhidrosis still remains high (78%) which requires a long term evaluation.
    KEYWORDS: Hyperhyrosis; Quality of life; Thoracoscopic Symphatectomy
  14. Anatomical variants of the superficial temporal artery in patients with microtia: a pilot descriptive study
    Imran FH, Yong CK, Das S, Huei YL
    Anat Cell Biol, 2016 Dec;49(4):273-280.
    PMID: 28127502 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.4.273
    Superficial temporal artery (STA) based pedicled fascial flap plays a pivotal role in ear reconstruction for microtia patients. There is paucity of literature on the anatomy of the STA in microtia patients. The present study aimed to describe any possible anatomical variations seen in the STA of patients afflicted with microtia. Pre-operative carotid computer tomographic angiography images of patients under the microtia database of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit at a tertiary medical centre were selected and 3-dimensionally reconstructed. Measurements were made on the 3D reconstructed computed tomographic angiography images of the STA on both the sides of the microtic ear and the non-microtic ear to assess its various anatomical parameters. We managed to obtain a total of 39 computed tomographic angiography images of STAs for analysis. There was a significant difference in the number of main branches of STA between the two groups (P=0.006). The proportion of ears with 2 main branches was higher in the non-microtia group (89.5%) compared to the microtia group (45.0%). A significant difference was found in the STA diameter between the two groups (P=0.012). The mean diameter of STA in the non-microtia group was larger by 0.4 mm. Furthermore, the median angle of STA was larger on the side of the non-microtic ears compared to that of microtic ears by 24.5°, with a P-value of 0.011. The results of the study may be of clinical importance while planning and performing ear reconstructive surgeries using STA based pedicled fascial flaps.
  15. Anesthetic Molecule Interaction of Noble Gases with Proteins and Lipids and their Effect: A Review
    Kundu SK, Chakraborty C, Yagihara S, Teoh SL, Das S
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2018;15(10):1381-1392.
    PMID: 30124152 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180820101255
    Surgical operations are impossible without administering proper analgesia. Advancement in the field of anesthesia has invariably resulted in the accomplishment of all surgical processes without any inconvenience. Admittedly, the use of noble gas is on the decline. The noble gases may not interact chemically with any other substance under normal temperature and pressure but they may interact with proteins and lipids. Different anesthetic molecules may stimulate either proteins or lipids in membrane. There is a connection between the anesthetic molecules and the hydrophobic region of the membrane. In the present review, we attempt to highlight the interaction between the anesthetic molecule with proteins and lipids and their effects. We sketched few noble gases and some other existing molecules such as halothane and alcohol which interacted with proteins and lipids.
  16. Molecular concept of diabetic wound healing: effective role of herbal remedies
    Soliman A, Teoh SL, Ghafar N, Das S
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2018 Oct 25.
    PMID: 30360709 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181025155204
    The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. One of the main complications in DM is delayed wound healing which often requires amputation. Various drugs have been used to treat DM but they present with various complications and patients often do not comply with such treatment. This opens the door for complementary and alternative medicine. In the present review, we explore the molecular concept of wound healing occurring in different stages with special emphasis to DM. We also highlight potential herbal products such as NF3 (Chinese 2-Herb Formula), Zicao, Jing Wan Hong ointment, mixture of Adiantum capillus-veneris, Commiphora molmol, Aloe Vera, and henna, Aleo vera, Phenol-rich compound sweet gel, Jinchuang ointment, San-huang-sheng-fu (S) oil, Yi Bu A Jie extract, Astragali Radix (AR) and Rehmanniae Radix (RR), Yiqi Huayu, Tangzu yuyang ointment, Shengji Huayu recipe, Angelica sinensis, Lithospermun erythrorhison, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Curcuma longa, and Momordica charantia that could be effectively used to treat DM wounds. Future clinical trials are needed for designing potential drugs which may be effective in treating DM wounds.
  17. Fulltext Rare and Unique Case of Midline Anterior Arch of Atlas Non-formation Mimicking Jefferson Type 1 Fracture
    Das S, Palaniandy K, Abu Bakar A, Idris Z, Abdullah JM
    Cureus, 2020 Feb 03;12(2):e6850.
    PMID: 32181085 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6850
    Cervical spine injuries are rare occurrences in children, especially the congenital anomalies of the atlas vertebra. Any injury involving the craniovertebral junction such as Jefferson fracture, is a valid cause for alarm due to the complex nature of the craniovertebral junction and the morbidity associated with it. We report the case of a 10-year-old male, who had failure of fusion of anterior arch of atlas due to the failure of formation of the anterior midline synchondrosis, and this mimicked a Jefferson fracture. If it was not for the peculiar absence of any corresponding evidence to suggest spinal injury, we might have mistaken this extremely rare but benign anomaly for a Jefferson fracture and subjected the patient to needless surgical treatment. Hence, it is concluded that keen clinical acumen and clear understanding of the developmental anatomy of these patients may be necessary to adequately manage them.
  18. Fulltext Histological changes in the heart and the proximal aorta in experimental diabetic rats fed with Piper sarmentsoum
    Thent ZC, Lin TS, Das S, Zakaria Z
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2012;9(3):396-404.
    PMID: 23983373
    Cardiovascular complications are one of the major causes of death in diabetes mellitus. Piper sarmentosum (P.s) is an herb that possesses antihyperglycaemic effects. The main aim of the study was to observe the histological changes in the heart and the proximal aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats following P.s administration. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were equally randomized into four groups: control group supplemented with normal saline (C); control group supplemented with P.s (CTx) ; diabetic group supplemented with normal saline (D) and, diabetic group supplemented with P.s (DTx). Diabetes was induced by STZ (50mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly. P.s extract (0.125g/kg) was administered orally for 28 days, following four weeks of STZ induction. The cardiac and aortic tissues were collected and processed under different stains: Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E), Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG), Masson's Trichome (MT) and Periodic Acid- Schiff (PAS). There were abnormal cardiomyocytes nuclei, disarray of myofibres and increase in connective tissue deposits in cardiac tissues of the diabetic untreated group. The thickness of tunica media and ratio of tunica intima to media were found to be significantly increased in the aorta of diabetic untreated group (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. There were degenerative changes in the proximal aorta in diabetic untreated groups. All the histological damages of cardiac and aortic tissues were found to be lesser in the diabetic treated groups. Supplementation with P.s extract prevented the oxidative damage arising from diabetes mellitus, and reduced its complications.
  19. Fulltext Nutrition and physical activity interventions to ameliorate postpartum depression: A scoping review
    Yahya NFS, Teng NIMF, Das S, Juliana N
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2021 Dec;30(4):662-674.
    PMID: 34967195 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202112_30(4).0013
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Globally, there is a high prevalence of postpartum depression (17.7%) reported in a recent study among mothers during the postpartum period. It contributes to poor health and well-being among newly delivered women. We reviewed the published effect of nutrition and physical activity interventions on improving and treating postpartum depression.

    METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The scoping review was performed using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. The systematic search was conducted using Scopus, Pubmed, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar in April 2020, updated in March 2021. Only literature published between January 2010 until February 2021 was searched.

    RESULTS: A total of 25 articles were included, of which 23 were randomised controlled trials , and 2 were quasi-experimental studies. Some of studies found improvements in depression (76% out of all studies). On this basis, nutrition or physical activity intervention probably improves postpartum depression. Moreover, the integration of nutrition and physical activity appears to improve depression in the more thorough follow-up of participants . Active involvement of the participant in the interventions was contributory to effectiveness.

    CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition and physical activity interventions with appropriate strategy and delivery are promising options for the management of postpartum maternal mental health. More definitive investigation of non-pharmacological interventions to ameliorate depression among postpartum women is warranted.

  20. A novel nano-anti-malarial induces redox damage and elicits cytokine response to the parasite
    Das S, Tripathy S, Pramanik P, Saha B, Roy S
    Cytokine, 2021 08;144:155555.
    PMID: 33992538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155555
    Emergence and spread of resistant parasites to the newest chemotherapeutic anti-malarial agents are the biggest challenges against malaria control programs. Therefore, developing a novel effective treatment to reduce the overgrowing burden of multidrug resistant malaria is a pressing need. Herein, we have developed a biocompatible and biodegradable, non-toxic chitosan-tripolyphosphate-chloroquine (CS-TPP CQ) nanoparticle. CS-TPP CQ nanoparticles effectively kill the parasite through redox generation and induction of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both sensitive and resistant parasite in vitro. The in vitro observations showed a strong inhibitory effect (p 
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