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Fulltext Cochlear implantation in children with labyrinthitis ossificans

Abdullah, A., Shaharudin, M.H., Amin, M., Marhaban, J.A., Awang, M.A., Zulfiqar, M.A., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):61-66.
MyJurnal

Evidence of ossification was previously considered a relative contraindication to cochlear implantation. It was considered difficult or impossible to achieve safe electrode insertion because of bony obstruction. Either the electrodes or the inner ear structures could be damaged. Moreover, obstructed scala tympani could limit the number of electrodes that can be inserted. The efficacy of the electrical stimulation was also questioned, as a higher current would be needed on an ossified cochlea. Finally, the neural survival in ossified cochlea is unknown. This may complicate the surgical procedure and affect the long-term outcome. However, depending on the experience of the surgeon, cochlear implantation has been attempted even in grossly ossified cochlea. Here we illustrate that cochlear implantation is safe in labyrinthitis ossificans.
Structure of the d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 complex of the minor groove binding alkylating agent alkamin studied by mass spectrometry

Majid AM, Smythe G, Denny WA, Wakelin LP

Mol. Pharmacol., 2007 Apr;71(4):1165-78.
PMID: 17251328

Nitrogen mustard alkylating agents are important cancer drugs. Much interest has been focused on redirecting their covalent adducts from the N7 atoms of guanine in the major groove of DNA to the N3 atoms of adenine in the minor groove by attaching mustard groups to AT-selective minor groove binding ligands. Here we describe the use of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study the structure of the DNA complexes of two minor groove binding polybenzamide mustards, alkamin and alkamini; the former is a bis-half-mustard in which reactive groups are disposed at each end of the ligand, and the latter is its monofunctional analog. Alkamin is potently cytotoxic and active in experimental mouse tumor models, whereas alkamini is not. We have studied their interaction with the DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)(2), designated A2T2, and we provide a detailed analysis of the observed DNA-ligand adduct ions and their fragmentation products. We find that alkamini alkylates A2T2 at guanine G4 and adenines A5 and A6 in a manner consistent with covalent attack on purine N3 atoms from the minor groove of the AT tract. Alkamin also forms monofunctional adducts at G4 and both adenines in which the second mustard arm is hydrolyzed but, in addition, forms a variety of interstrand cross-links between adenines A5/A6 and A5'/A6', an interstrand cross-link between G4 and A6', and an intrastrand cross-link between G4 and A6. We conclude that the marked cytotoxicity of alkamin and its experimental antitumor activity could be the consequence of its ability to cross-link cellular DNA at AT tract sequences.
Fulltext Efficacy and safety of loratadine compared with astemizole in Malaysian patients with allergic rhinitis

Lee ST, Amin MJ

Singapore Med J, 1994 Dec;35(6):591-4.
PMID: 7761882

Nonsedating selective peripheral H1 receptor antagonists are an important advance in antihistaminic therapy in allergic patients. This is a randomised, double-blind parallel group study comparing the use of two such agents viz loratadine 10mg daily and astemizole 10mg daily for two weeks in 39 Malaysian allergic rhinitis patients. At these dosages, both drugs were demonstrated to be efficacious (p < 0.05) for controlling nasal symptoms and safe in terms of short term biochemical and haematological changes and adverse effects noted. Evaluating efficacy criteria utilised in this study loratadine and astemizole were comparable but loratadine was significantly more effective in three areas viz: (i) in diminishing nasal symptoms after 2 weeks of treatment (p = 0.03); (ii) physician's efficacy evaluation after 2 weeks' treatment (p = 0.009); (iii) patient's efficacy evaluation after 2 weeks' treatment (p = 0.019).
Study site: Allergy clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Influence of beta-cyclodextrin and chitosan in the formulation of a colon-specific drug delivery system

Rehman K, Amin MC, Muda S

Drug Res (Stuttg), 2013 Dec;63(12):657-62.
PMID: 23842943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349129

The increase in diseases of the colon underscores the need to develop cost-effective site-directed therapies. We formulated a polysaccharide-based matrix system that could release ibuprofen under conditions simulating those in the colon by employing a wet granulation method. Tablets were prepared in a series of formulations containing a polysaccharide (beta-cyclodextrin and chitosan) matrix system along with ethylcellulose. We characterized physicochemical properties and performed an in vitro drug release assay in the absence and presence of digestive enzymes to assess the ability of the polysaccharides to function as a protective barrier against the upper gastrointestinal environment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no chemical interaction between ibuprofen and polysaccharides; however, spectrum analysis suggested the formation of an inclusion complex of beta-cyclodextrin with ibuprofen. The formulations contained 50% ethylcellulose and 50% beta-cyclodextrins (1:1) were proven to be the better formulation that slowly released the drug until 24 h (101.04 ± 0.65% maximum drug release in which 83.08 ± 0.89% drug was released in colonic medium) showed better drug release profiles than the formulations containing chitosan. We conclude that a beta-cyclodextrin drug carrier system may represent an effective approach for treatment of diseases of the colon.
Characteristics of developed granules containing selected decolourising bacteria for the degradation of textile wastewater

Ibrahim Z, Amin MF, Yahya A, Aris A, Muda K

Water Sci Technol, 2010;61(5):1279-88.
PMID: 20220250 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.021

Textile wastewater, one of the most polluted industrial effluents, generally contains substantial amount of dyes and chemicals that will cause increase in the COD, colour and toxicity of receiving water bodies if not properly treated. Current treatment methods include chemical and biological processes; the efficiency of the biological treatment method however, remains uncertain since the discharged effluent is still highly coloured. In this study, granules consisting mixed culture of decolourising bacteria were developed and the physical and morphological characteristics were determined. After the sixth week of development, the granules were 3-10 mm in diameter, having good settling property with settling velocity of 70 m/h, sludge volume index (SVI) of 90 to 130 mL/g, integrity coefficient of 3.7, and density of 66 g/l. Their abilities to treat sterilised raw textile wastewater were evaluated based on the removal efficiencies of COD (initial ranging from 200 to 3,000 mg/L), colour (initial ranging from 450 to 2000 ADMI) of sterilised raw textile wastewater with pH from 6.8 to 9.4. Using a sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment cycle with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h, maximum removal of colour and COD achieved was 90% and 80%, respectively.
Fulltext Perforated malignant gastric ulcer in a pregnant young adult: a case report

Jasmi AY, Normala B, al-Amin MD

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):135-7.
PMID: 11072499

Gastric cancer in the young adult is rare and has been said to be more aggressive than gastric cancers of the older age group. Its unique association with pregnancy is even rarer. However, they have similar complications of haemorrhage, obstruction and perforation. We report a 27 year old lady at 16 weeks gestation who presented with a perforated malignant gastric ulcer and carcinomatosis peritonei. Reviewing the literature, we realised that such complication of a gastric cancer occurring in a pregnant young adult has not been previously documented.
Fulltext Death from malaria Infection in a military personnel after a peace keeping mission

Rozali, A., Zakaria, A., Sherina, M.S., Muhd Amin, M., Mohd Ghazalli, M.T., Muhamad Ello, M.S., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(1):83-85.
MyJurnal

Military personnel who are deployed for peace-keeping missions are exposed to many hazards, including infectious diseases. One of the most common and fatal infectious disease is Malaria. Although well controlled in Malaysia, this deadly disease is still widely endemic in many other countries especially Africa. We would like to report the case of a military personnel who was infected with Malaria during a peace-keeping mission in Sudan and subsequently died after returning home. We hope that by reporting this case in depth, strategic actions can be taken to avoid similar unfortunate events in future.
Nasal closure for severe hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia in 100 patients. The Lund modification of the Young's procedure: a 22-year experience

Lund VJ, Darby Y, Rimmer J, Amin M, Husain S

Rhinology, 2017 Jun 01;55(2):135-141.
PMID: 28064338 DOI: 10.4193/Rhin16.315

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disease characterized by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia and visceral arteriovenous malformations. The nosebleeds can be life-threatening and in these circumstances, radical treatment is required.
METHODS: Since 1994, closure of the nose has been undertaken to prevent severe nasal bleeding in patients meeting specific selection criteria. Outcome data collected on this cohort pre- and post-operatively is available for analysis.
RESULTS: From a cohort of 515 HHT patients, 100 have undergone nasal closure, bilateral ab initio in 81%. Fifty patients completed pre- and post-operative epistaxis severity questionnaires and provided information on post-operative problems and 28 completed a Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). Overall most patients derived significant benefit from the procedure with complete cessation of nasal bleeding in 94%, a highly significant improvement in the epistaxis score and a mean GBI score of 53.4. Loss of smell and taste was the most frequent post-operative complaint.
CONCLUSION: HHT can be associated with life-threatening epistaxis significantly affecting patients quality of life. Permanent prevention of airflow is associated with complete or near-total cessation of epistaxis in the majority of patients.
Mononuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) thiosemicarbazonato complexes: Synthesis, characterization, structural illustration, in vitro DNA binding, cleavage, and antitumor properties

Hussein MA, Guan TS, Haque RA, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AM

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Feb 05;136 Pt C:1335-48.
PMID: 25456676 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.021

Four dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes were synthesized by reacting [MoO2(acac)2] with N-ethyl-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (1), N-ethyl-2-(5-allyl-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (2), N-methyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (3), and N-ethyl-2-(3-methyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (4). The molecular structures of 1, 2, and all the synthesized complexes were determined using single crystal X-ray crystallography. The binding properties of the ligand and complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated via UV, fluorescence titrations, and viscosity measurement. Gel electrophoresis revealed that all the complexes cleave pBR 322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxicity of the complexes were studied against the HCT 116 human colorectal cell line. All the complexes exhibited more pronounced activity than the standard reference drug 5-fluorouracil (IC50 7.3μM). These studies show that dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes could be potentially useful in chemotherapy.
Crystal Structures and Cytotoxicity of Ortho-Xylene Linked Bis-benzimidazolium Salts

Iqbal MA, Haque RA, Ahamed SA, Jafari SF, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AM

Med Chem, 2015;11(5):473-81.
PMID: 25553509

Azolium (imidazolium and benzimidazolium) salts are known as stable precursors for the synthesis of Metal-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (M-NHC) complexes. Recently, some reports have been compiled indicating that benzimidazolium salts have anticarcinogenic properties. The current research is the further investigation of this phenomenon. Three ortho-xylene linked bis-benzimidazolium salts (1-3) with octyl, nonyl and decyl terminal chain lengths have been synthesized. Each of the compounds was characterized using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular geometries of two of the salts (1-2) have been established using X-ray crystallographic technique. The compounds were tested for their cytotoxic properties against three cancerous cell lines namely, human colon cancer (HCT 116), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT- 29) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Mouse embryonic fibroblast (3T3-L1) was used as the model cell line of normal cells. The compounds showed selective anti-proliferative activities against the colorectal carcinoma cells. For HCT 116 and HT-29 cells, the IC50 values ranged 0.9-2.6 µM and 4.0-10.0 µM, respectively. The salts 1 and 3 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the breast cancer (MCF-7) cells with IC50 58.2 and 13.3 µM, respectively. However, the salt 2 produced strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 4.4 µM. Interestingly, the compounds demonstrated poor cytotoxic effects towards the normal cells (3T3-L1) as the IC50 was found to be as high as 48.0 µM. Salts 2 and 3 demonstrated more pronounced anti-proliferative effect than the standard drugs used (5-Flourouracil and Tamoxifen).
Sterically tuned Ag(I)- and Pd(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of imidazol-2-ylidenes: synthesis, crystal structures, and in vitro antibacterial and anticancer studies

Haque RA, Salman AW, Budagumpi S, Abdullah AA, Majid AM

Metallomics, 2013 Jun;5(6):760-9.
PMID: 23645390 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00051f

Unsymmetrically substituted sterically tuned Pd(II)–NHC complexes of the general formula [PdCl2(NHC)2] (NHC = 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolin-2-ylidene, 7; 1-allyl-3-butylimidazol-2-ylidene, 8; 1-benzyl-3-butyl imidazolin-2-ylidene, 9) were prepared through transmetallation from their corresponding Ag(I)–NHC complexes. The Pd complexes were structurally characterized by different spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. Complexes 7 and 9 adopted a trans–anti arrangement of the NHC ligands, whereas complex 8 adopted a cis–syn arrangement. Preliminary antibiogram studies using Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria showed that Ag(I)–NHC complexes demonstrate higher activity compared with Pd(I)–NHC complexes. Furthermore, Pd(II)–NHC complexes were evaluated for their anticancer potential using the human colorectal cancer cell line. A higher anticancer activity was observed for complexes 8 and 9, with 26.5 and 6.6 mM IC50 values, respectively.
Colorectal, Prostate and Pancreas Human Cancers Targeted Bioassay-guided Isolations and Characterization of Chemical Constituents from Tephrosia apollinea

Hassan LEA, Iqbal MA, Dahham SS, Tabana YM, Ahamed MBK, Majid AMSA

Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2017;17(4):590-598.
PMID: 27671298 DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666160926113711

BACKGROUND: Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division caused by dysregulation of cell proliferation. Therefore, agents that impair cancer cell proliferation could have potential therapeutic value. Higher plants are considered to be a good source of anticancer agents, and several clinically tested chemotherapeutic agents have been isolated from plants or derived from constituents of plant origin.
METHODS: In the present study, a prenylated flavone (isoglabratephrin) was isolated from aerial parts of Tephrosia apollinea using a bioassay-guided technique. Chemical structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (NMR, IR, and LC-MC), elemental analysis and confirmed by using single crystal X-ray analysis. The antiproliferative effect of isoglabratephrin was tested using three human cancer cell lines (prostate (PC3), pancreatic (PANC-1), and colon (HCT-116) and one normal cell line (human fibroblast).
RESULTS: Isoglabratephrin displayed selective inhibitory activity against proliferation of PC3 and PANC-1 cells with median inhibitory concentration values of 20.4 and 26.6 μg/ml, respectively. Isoglabratephrin demonstrated proapoptotic features, as it induced chromatin dissolution, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation. It also disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated cancer cells.
CONCLUSION: Isoglabratephrin could be a new lead to treat human prostate (PC3) and pancreatic (PANC-1) malignancies.
Fulltext Complementary effects of Orthosiphon stamineus standardized ethanolic extract and rosmarinic acid in combination with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer

Yehya AHS, Asif M, Abdul Majid AMS, Oon CE

Biomed J, 2021 Dec;44(6):694-708.
PMID: 35166208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.015

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most notorious cancers and is known for its highly invasive characteristics, drug resistance, and metastatic progression. Unfortunately, many patients with advanced pancreatic cancer become insensitive towards gemcitabine treatment. Orthosiphon stamineus (O.s) is used widely as a traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple ailments, including cancer in South East Asia. The present in vitro study was designed to investigate the complementary effects of an ethanolic extract of O.s (Et. O.s) or rosmarinic acid in combination with gemcitabine on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells.
METHOD: Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Et. O.s, rosmarinic acid, and gemcitabine. Different doses of gemcitabine in combination with Et. O.s or rosmarinic acid were tested against Panc-1 to select the best concentrations which possessed synergistic effects. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms responsible for mediating chemo-sensitivity in Panc-1 was performed using Quantitative Real-time PCR (QPCR), flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Et. O.s was found to significantly sensitise Panc-1 towards gemcitabine by reducing the gene expression of multidrug-resistant protein family (MDR) (MDR-1, MRP-4, and MRP-5) and molecules related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (ZEB-1 and Snail-1). An induction of the human equilibrate nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT-1) gene was also found in cells treated with Et. O.s-gemcitabine. The Et. O.s-gemcitabine combination induced cellular senescence, cell death and cell cycle arrest in Panc-1. In addition, the inhibition of Notch signalling was demonstrated through the downregulation of Notch 1 intracellular domain in this treatment group. In contrast, rosmarinic acid-gemcitabine combination showed no additional effects on cellular senescence, apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, the MRP-4 and MRP-5 multi-drug resistance protein family, hENT-1, and the Notch pathway through Notch 1 intracellular domain.
CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights on the use of Et. O.s to complement gemcitabine in targeting pancreatic cancer in vitro, suggesting its potential use as a novel complementary treatment in pancreatic cancer patients.
Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Different Parts of Star Fruit

Saghir SA, Sadikun A, Al-Suede FS, Majid AM, Murugaiyah V

Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2016 6 6;17(10):915-25.
PMID: 27262321 DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666160603013434

BACKGROUND: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is a well-known plant in Malaysia which bears a great significance in traditional medicine.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect, antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of ripe and unripe fruits, leaves and stem of A. carambola.

METHODS: Antihyperlipidemic activity was assessed in poloxamer-407 (P-407) induced acute hyperlipidemic rat's model. The antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In addition, cytotoxicity of A. carambola extracts was assessed using MTS assay on four leukemic cell lines (human colon cancer, human promyeloid leukemia, erythroid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia) and one normal cell (human umbilical vein endothelial cells).

RESULTS: Methanolic extract of leaves had the most potent antihyperlipidemic activity in P-407 model, whereby it significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (P<0.01), triglycerides (P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (P<0.05), verylow- density lipoprotein (P<0.01) and atherogenic index (P<0.01). On the other hand, methanolic extracts of A. carambola stem and leaves showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts exhibited significant correlations with antioxidant but not with antihyperlipidemic activities. All plant parts showed no cytotoxic effect on the selected cancer or normal cell lines.

CONCLUSION: Antihyperlipidemic activity of different parts of A. carambola is greatly affected by extraction solvents used. Methanolic extract of A. carambola leaves exhibited higher antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potentials compared to other parts of the plant.
Fulltext Polymolecular botanical drug of Orthosiphon stamineus extract (C5OSEW5050ESA) as a complementary therapy to overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells

Yehya AHS, Asif M, Abdul Majid AMS, Oon CE

J Tradit Complement Med, 2023 Jan;13(1):39-50.
PMID: 36685076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.002

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Gemcitabine remains the cornerstone of pancreatic cancer treatment, despite exhibiting a modest effect on patient survival due to the development of drug resistance. Nuvastatic™ polymolecular botanical drug Orthosiphon stamineus (O. stamineus) is a folklore Asian herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of a variety of ailments. However, little is known about the mechanism of actions of the Nuvastatic™ polymolecular botanical drug of O. stamineus as a complementary therapy in resistant pancreatic cancer. It is postulated that the proprietary O. stamineus extract formulation (ID: C5EOSEW5050ESA) in Nuvastatic™ may sensitise resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. This study was conducted to assess the cytotoxic activity and synergistic effects of C5EOSEW5050ESA in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: The effects of C5EOSEW5050ESA treatment on cell viability, multidrug-resistant genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular senescence, cell death, and Notch signalling pathway were evaluated in gemcitabine-resistant Panc-1 cells.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: C5EOSEW5050ESA sensitised gemcitabine resistant cells towards C5EOSEW5050ESA-gemcitabine combination treatment by reducing the expression of multidrug-resistant genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in gemcitabine-resistant cells compared to the control group, possibly through the inhibition of Notch signalling. This study provides valuable insight into using C5EOSEW5050ESA as a potential complementary treatment for resistant pancreatic cancer.
Fulltext Anti-tumour activity and toxicological studies of combination treatment of Orthosiphon stamineus and gemcitabine on pancreatic xenograft model

Yehya AHS, Subramaniam AV, Asif M, Kaur G, Abdul Majid AMS, Oon CE

World J Gastroenterol, 2022 Aug 28;28(32):4620-4634.
PMID: 36157930 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4620

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive cancer type. Gemcitabine is the first line chemo-drug used for pancreatic cancer but exerts a broad spectrum of organ toxicities and adverse effects in patients.
AIM: To evaluate the anti-tumour activity and toxicological effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extract formulation (ID: C5EOSEW5050ESA trademarked as Nuva-staticTM), and gemcitabine combination on pancreatic xenograft model.
METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into six groups of 6 mice each (n = 6) and given different treatments for 28 d. The study design consisted of a 2 x 3 factorial treatment structure, with gemcitabine (yes/no) by oral (at 1200 and 400 mg/kg per day). Human pancreatic cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of athymic nude mice. C5EOSEW5050ESA (200 or 400 mg/kg per day) was administered orally, while gemcitabine (10 mg/kg per 3 d) was given intraperitoneally either alone or in combination treatment. Histopathological analyses of vital organs, tumour tissues, and incidence of lethality were analysed. Analyses of tumour necrosis and proliferation were determined by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, respectively.
RESULTS: No signs of toxicity or damage to vital organs were observed in all treatment groups compared to the untreated group. C5EOSEW5050ESA at 200 mg/kg and gemcitabine combination had no additive antitumor effects compared to a single treatment. Remarkably, a comparably greater response in a reduction in tumour growth, Ki-67 protein expression, and necrosis was demonstrated by 400 mg/kg of C5EOSEW5050ESA and gemcitabine combination than that of the individual agents.
CONCLUSION: These results highlighted the synergistic activity of C5EOSEW5050ESA with gemcitabine to reduce pancreatic tumour growth in mice compared to a single treatment. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into using C5EOSEW5050ESA as a complementary treatment with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer.
Iatrogenic tracheal flap mimicking tracheal stenosis with resultant stridor

Tan KL, Chong AW, Amin MA, Raman R

J Laryngol Otol, 2012 Jul;126(7):751-5.
PMID: 22578299 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215112000795

To illustrate a case of an iatrogenic mucosal tear in the trachea which caused a one-way valve effect, obstructing the airway and manifesting as post-extubation stridor.
Fulltext A survey of radiation dose to patients and operators during radiofrequency ablation using computed tomography

Saidatul A, Azlan C, Megat Amin M, Abdullah B, Ng Kh

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 Jan-Mar;6(1):e1.
PMID: 21611060 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.1.e2

Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy is able to give real time images to a physician undertaking minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies, percutaneous drainage, and radio frequency ablation (RFA). Both operators executing the procedure and patients too, are thus at risk of radiation exposure during a CT fluoroscopy.This study focuses on the radiation exposure present during a series of radio frequency ablation (RFA) procedures, and used Gafchromic film (Type XR-QA; International Specialty Products, USA) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H; Bicron, USA) to measure the radiation received by patients undergoing treatment, and also operators subject to scatter radiation.The voltage was held constant at 120 kVp and the current 70mA, with 5mm thickness. The duration of irradiation was between 150-638 seconds.Ultimately, from a sample of 30 liver that have undergone RFA, the study revealed that the operator received the highest dose at the hands, which was followed by the eyes and thyroid, while secondary staff dosage was moderately uniform across all parts of the body that were measured.
Clay-starch combination for micropollutants removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent

Mohd Amin MF, Heijman SG, Rietveld LC

Water Sci Technol, 2016;73(7):1719-27.
PMID: 27054745 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.001

In this study, a new, more effective and cost-effective treatment alternative is investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP-eff). The potential of combining clay with biodegradable polymeric flocculants is further highlighted. Flocculation is viewed as the best method to get the optimum outcome from clay. In addition, flocculation with cationic starch increases the biodegradability and cost of the treatment. Clay is naturally abundantly available and relatively inexpensive compared to conventional adsorbents. Experimental studies were carried out with existing naturally occurring pharmaceutical concentrations found and measured in WWTP-eff with atrazine spiking for comparison between the demineralised water and WWTP-eff matrix. Around 70% of the total measured pharmaceutical compounds were removable by the clay-starch combination. The effect of clay with and without starch addition was also highlighted.
Fulltext A Cost-Effective Alternative for Lateral Femoral Wall Perforation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction: A Case Report

Tan SY, Leong WH, Ong LH, Mohd-Amin MZ

Malays Orthop J, 2020 Jul;14(2):138-140.
PMID: 32983390 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2007.023

Lateral femoral wall perforation is a rare intra-operative complication in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. However, it can be challenging to manage if it occurs. We share our experience on lateral femoral wall perforation managed by a large fragment washer. A 25-year-old man with right ACL injury presented with knee instability despite physiotherapy. Anterior drawer test (ADT) and Lachman test were grade 3, glide on pivot shift was positive. During ACL reconstruction, the lateral femoral wall was perforated. Due to unavailability of the rescue endobutton and budget constraint, we passed the endobutton through a washer and allowed it to sit on the washer over the lateral femoral wall. ADT and Lachman test on post-operative 6, 12 and 24 weeks were grade 1, with a negative pivot shift test. Lysholm knee score improved from 69 pre-operatively to 98 post-operatively. Conventionally, lateral femoral wall perforation can be managed by rescue endobutton, or screw and washer post technique. As this complication is rare, the rescue endobutton may not be available at all times, and the cost of the implant is also another important factor to consider. A washer can be used as an alternative technique to manage lateral femoral wall perforation in ACL reconstruction as it is not only cost-effective but also provides stable fixation with good functional outcome.

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