Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 158 in total

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  1. Sheiladevi, S., Rahman, A.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of identified variables to adapt change management
    due to e-learning implementation in Malaysian private higher education institutions focusing on educators’
    perspectives. The conceptual framework was modified in combination of various theories from Systemic
    Change Models and E-learning Cycle Models. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from Siebel
    4.0-2 Survey Questionnaires (SSQ) by Hambling, 2010 was the data collection instrument. The sample
    consisted of educators from private higher education institutions with visions or missions based on
    e-learning implementation in Malaysia. As per findings, through review of the visions and missions,
    the selected private higher education institutions integrated teaching and learning, advancement of the
    knowledge based on e-learning and leadership in service and outreach.
  2. Jamal ARA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Jun;28(3):1-4.
    PMID: 34285640 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.3.1
    Precision medicine is transforming healthcare worldwide and aims to improve the effectiveness of management of many diseases including cancers, other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and also rare diseases. Precision medicine takes into account the individual patient's genetic, environment and lifestyle data. Developed nations are already embarking on precision medicine initiatives including the 100,000 Genomes England and the Precision Medicine Initiative in the United States (US). The Academy of Sciences Malaysia, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Higher Education are working together to put forward a precision medicine initiative for Malaysia. The key drivers that must be put in place include a strong policy agenda, a national large scale genome sequencing project and with it a national genome database, the implementation of the electronic medical record (EMR) system, a payment and reimbursement system to cover for the genetic testing and the targeted treatment, and putting in place an ecosystem that will support precision medicine. Relevant guidelines and Acts will also need to be developed especially with regard to privacy and confidentiality. The future of precision medicine is now and this will certainly bring better outcome and value to the patients.
  3. Saidun, S., Akhmetova, E., Awang Abd Rahman, A.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The struggle of Muslim women to comply with Islamic teaching while working in the healthcare sector has been a long-standing issue. Following the case of a Muslim nurse who was allegedly fired for non-adherence to the short-sleeve uniform rule, the Malaysian Muslim Consumers Association highlighted the need for a uniform guideline to prevent similar instances. Yet, no guideline has been issued to date. Materials and Methods: This conceptual study employed library research method to gather relevant materials. Library research was able to retrieve guidelines from seven Muslim-minority countries but none from Muslim-majority countries. Document analysis of the materials gathered was undertaken. The different guidelines were compared, with special reference to awrah-related issues. Results: Several major issues that healthcare personnel dress code considers are the safety, health, cleanliness, and comfort for both patients and healthcare personnel. Islamic dressing requirement is not only in line with clinical practice but Islam also highly promotes maintenance of safety, health, cleanliness, and comfort. The widely adopted ‘bare below the elbows (BBE) policy is the only practice that may contradict Islamic rules. However, some healthcare institutions in Muslim-minority countries allow modifications of uniform rules on religious grounds; some of the modifications are not observed in Muslim-majority countries. When providing direct patient care that requires BBE, the use of disposable over-sleeves is a good alternative to adhere to both clinical and Islamic standards. Conclusion: Healthcare personnel dress code policy that is concordant to both clinical and Islamic standards is possible although it may require greater resources.
  4. Ab Rahman AF
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2002 Jul;21(7):377-81.
    PMID: 12269700
    A retrospective review of medical records was carried out to determine the pattern of drug and chemical poisoning cases admitted to a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Medical records of patients admitted during the period January 1987 to December 1995 were reviewed. They accounted for 0.2% of total admissions during the period. While all ages were represented, there was predominance of children, which showed little change throughout the nine-year period. Of all cases of poisoning, 77.8% were unintentional, 12.6% intentional and 9.6% were undetermined. Kerosene, pesticides and medicinal substances remained the common agents associated with poisoning. A significant number of patients sought treatment elsewhere before being admitted to the hospital. Of those who came directly to the hospital, many were presented late in the course of their poisoning. Only seven patients died and none were children. This study supports the need for greater emphasis on prevention of poisoning in children and among farmers in the state.
  5. Ismail R, Rahman AF
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 1993 Feb;18(1):55-8.
    PMID: 8473361
    We used OPT to estimate individual and population pharmacokinetics for carbamazepine (CBZ) in Malaysian epileptic patients attending our Neurology Clinic. We noted that plasma CBZ concentrations and clearances correlated poorly with daily doses and body weights respectively but we found the values for clearance, volumes of distribution, elimination rate constants and half lives to be in good agreement with earlier reports. We conclude that OPT is a simple yet useful program to derive individual and population pharmacokinetic parameters for CBZ for use in dosage adjustments. We also conclude that although the Malaysian population do not differ substantially in handling CBZ, available data for the pharmacokinetic parameters must be used cautiously in applying it to the therapeutic drug monitoring for CBZ in our patients.
  6. Ismail R, Rahman AF
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 1990 Dec;15(6):411-7.
    PMID: 2089048
    We reviewed our data from 122 records of patients taking phenytoin for the treatment of various types of epilepsy and selected 15 (age range 10-43 years old) who were on phenytoin alone to calculate Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic parameters. The average Vm and Km for this age group was found to be 8.45 mg/kg/day and 6.72 mg/litre, respectively. Km was independent of age and weight. Vm correlated well with weight but there was no relationship with age.
  7. Sivanesaratnam V, Abd Rahman A
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):69-72.
    PMID: 6513843
    A review of our experience of 916 cases ofpartial bilateral vasectomy performed under local anaesthesia at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur during the
    period between January 1971 and June 1980 is presented. Minor post-operative complications occurred in 5.8% of cases with a low post-operative infection rate of 1.2%. In 35% ofpatients, persistence of non-motile sperms in the semen were seen after at least ten ejaculations in each instance. In four of these cases non-motile sperms continued to persist into the sixth month of follow-up even after at least 50 ejaculations in each instance.
  8. Abdullah Aszrin, Shah M. Azarisman, Rahman A. Jamaluddin, Razak A. Tariq, Noor M. Noriah
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Prehypertension precedes overt hypertension and has been acknowledged by many guidelines.
    Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Malaysia. Hypertension prevalence is
    at 42.6% and population-based control is poor at 26.8%. The objective of the study is to ascertain the
    cardiovascular risk profile of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive young adults against age-matched
    controls in rural Malaysia. Methods: 484 (four hundred and eighty four) subjects attending primary care
    clinic were screened. 91 (Ninety one) young adults with pre/mild hypertension and normotensive, agematched controls were enrolled. The blood pressure and biochemical profiles for both groups were assessed
    and compared. Results: Fifty-four subjects and 37 controls were enrolled. Amongst subjects, 46.3% had
    prehypertension and 53.7% had mild hypertension. Mean values compared to age-matched controls for MAP
    were 102.68 ± 7.48 vs 83.25 ± 6.08 mmHg (p< 0.001), LDL 3.75 ± 0.95 vs 3.32 ± 0.93 mmol/L (p=0.03), FBG
    4.65 ± 0.54 vs 4.33 ± 0.42 mmol/L (p=0.03), BMI 28.81 ± 5.16 vs 24.12 ± 4.91 (p< 0.001). The mean BP was
    significantly associated with BMI, FBG, triglycerides, HDL and the TC/HDL ratio. Conclusions: Greater BMI,
    FBG, HDL, triglyceride levels and TC/HDL ratio characterised the young adults with pre/mild hypertension.
    The data suggests that hypertension in young adults is secondary to metabolic syndrome.
  9. Agbaje, R., Hassan, C. Z., Norlelawati, A., Huda-Faujan, N., Abdul Rahman, A.
    MyJurnal
    The need for nutritional and functional foods has increased. Consumers, these days, do not
    eat snacks only to provide satisfaction for their hunger, but also to supply essential nutrients
    to body. The objective of this study was to develop six formulations of granolas/cereal bars
    using different combination of Sunnah fruits such as dates (Phoenix dactylifera), raisins (Vitis
    vinifera L.) and figs (Ficus carica). The cereal bars were formulated using dry raw materials
    (glutinous rice, black Cummins, etc.) and binding agents (honey and glucose syrup). The cereal
    bars were assessed for water activity and proximate composition. It was observed that the
    sample B, made with 70 g of glucose syrup, 100 g honey and 450 g of total fruits had the
    highest value of moisture (18.73%) as compared to other formulations (P˂ 0.05). There were no
    differences in protein contents of the cereal bars formulated. Ash contents of the formulations
    were significantly different (P˂ 0.05) in samples B and F; the values ranged between 0.97%
    and 1.88%. The fat contents were significantly different with formulation B having the highest
    fat content (10.72%) and carbohydrate contents were affected by fibre contents; samples with
    lower crude fibres had higher carbohydrate contents which also reflect in the energy contents
    of the granola/cereal bar samples. Lowest aw (water activity) was observed in the samples with
    lower fruit contents which could be as a result of their lower moisture contents. According to
    the results, incorporation of glutinous rice flakes with different composition Sunnah foods and
    binding agents; honey and glucose syrup can be used to formulate cereal bars with appreciable
    proximate and energy contents.
  10. Norhayati, Z., Nooraisyah, S., Shanmugavelu, S., Wan Zahari, M., Abdul Rahman, A.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2018;30(1):20-22.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to assess the carcass characteristic of male Dorper sheep weaned at three different ages.
    A total of 27 newborn male Dorper sheep (average body weight, 3.06 ± 0.74 kg) were selected randomly and divided
    into three groups. Animals in group 1 (n=9) were weaned at day 30, while animals in group 2 (n=9) and 3 (n=9) were
    weaned at day 60 and 90, respectively. Group 3 was acted as a control group. Creep feed and grower feed were given to
    the animals based on 3.5% of body weight. There were no significant differences (P
  11. Humaryanto, Rahman AO, Fairuz Q
    Med J Malaysia, 2022 Mar;77(2):196-202.
    PMID: 35338627
    BACKGROUND: The application of green coffee bean extract is known to accelerate cutaneous wound healing. Fibronectin and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are essential in the wound healing process. However, data on the effect of the green coffee bean extract on fibronectin and FGFs are still limited.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of the green coffee extract on the expression of fibronectin dan FGFs in rats' cutaneous wounds.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male Sprague Dawney rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 150-200 grams, were randomly divided into four groups. Cutaneous wounds were made 1.5 cm in diameter and under lidocaine anaesthesia. Group I without treatment was the control group, group II was given a green coffee extract dose of 15%, group III was given a green coffee extract dose of 30%, and group IV was given a green coffee extract dose of 100%. The treatment was applied every day without wound debridement. In each group, five rats were sacrificed after 7 days of treatment (proliferative phase), and the rest were sacrificed after 16 days of treatment (remodelling phase). An anatomical pathologist carried out the immunohistochemical examination to assess fibronectin and FGF expression using a blind method.

    RESULTS: The expressions of fibronectin and FGF in the treatment groups were slightly higher than those in the control group, both in the proliferative and remodelling phases. Only, fibronectin expression of the green coffee dose of 100% was significantly higher than the control group in the remodelling phase.

    CONCLUSION: The application of green coffee bean extract in cutaneous wounds could increase fibronectin expression.

  12. Rahman S, Rahman T, Ismail AA, Rashid AR
    Diabetes Obes Metab, 2007 Nov;9(6):767-80.
    PMID: 17924861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00655.x
    The complications associated with diabetic vasculopathy are commonly grouped into two categories: microvascular and macrovascular complications. In diabetes, macrovascular disease is the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity and is responsible for high incidence of vascular diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular diseases. Macrovascular diseases are traditionally thought of as due to underlying obstructive atherosclerotic diseases affecting major arteries. Pathological changes of major blood vessels leading to functional and structural abnormalities in diabetic vessels include endothelial dysfunction, reduced vascular compliance and atherosclerosis. Besides, advanced glycation end product formation interacts with specific receptors that lead to overexpression of a range of cytokines. Haemodynamic pathways are activated in diabetes and are possibly amplified by concomitant systemic hypertension. Apart from these, hyperglycaemia, non-enzymatic glycosylation, lipid modulation, alteration of vasculature and growth factors activation contribute to development of diabetic vasculopathy. This review focuses on pathophysiology and pathogenesis of diabetes-associated macrovasculopathy.
  13. Noraza RA, Norhayati NM, Rosediani M, Harmy YM
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Apr;13(2):188-194.
    PMID: 31435322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.10.005
    Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of optimal cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening activities and the associated factors among apparently healthy school teachers.

    Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted among 380 secondary school teachers in Kelantan, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data and factors influencing CVD screening activities was administered. Descriptive analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.

    Results: A total of 348 teachers responded to the questionnaire, with a response rate of 91.6%. The prevalence of optimal CVD screening activities was 29.3% (95% CI: 24.52, 34.08). Age, knowledge of CVD screening, family history of CVD and availability of health facilities were significantly linked to CVD screening.

    Conclusion: The prevalence of optimal screening activities was low. A great majority of the factors contributing to optimal screening were modifiable. Health care providers should widely implement global health-oriented rather than disease-orientated assessment in their daily practice.

  14. Abu Zaid Z, Shahar S, Jamal AR, Mohd Yusof NA
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2012;21(4):502-10.
    PMID: 23017308
    A randomised trial was carried out to determine the effect of supplementation of fish oil among 51 children with leukaemia aged 4 to 12 years on appetite level, caloric intake, body weight and lean body mass. They were randomly allocated into the trial group (TG) and the control group (CG). At baseline, 30.8% of TG subjects and 44.0% of CG subjects were malnourished and 7.7% of subject from TG and 28.0% from CG were classified as stunted. The majority of subjects from TG and CG were in the mild malnutrition category for mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC)-for-age. The TG group showed significant increment in MUAMC (0.13 cm vs -0.09 cm) compared with CG at 8 weeks (p<0.001). There was a significant higher increase for appetite level (0.12±0.33) (p<0.05) and an increasing trend on energy and protein intake in the TG group (213±554 kcal; 3.64 ±26.8 g) than in the CG group. In conclusion, supplementation of fish oil has a positive effect on appetite level, caloric intake and MUAMC among children with leukaemia.
  15. Hameed BH, Rahman AA
    J Hazard Mater, 2008 Dec 30;160(2-3):576-81.
    PMID: 18434009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.028
    Activated carbon derived from rattan sawdust (ACR) was evaluated for its ability to remove phenol from an aqueous solution in a batch process. Equilibrium studies were conducted in the range of 25-200mg/L initial phenol concentrations, 3-10 solution pH and at temperature of 30 degrees C. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25mg/g. The dimensionless separation factor RL revealed the favorable nature of the isotherm of the phenol-activated carbon system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process. The results proved that the prepared activated carbon was an effective adsorbent for removal of phenol from aqueous solution.
  16. Ismail R, Rahman AF, Chand P
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 1994 Aug;19(4):245-8.
    PMID: 7989403
    We estimated individual and population Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic parameters for phenytoin (DPH) in epileptic patients attending our neurology clinic using the computer programme. OPT. Our results agreed well with literature values but were lower than those we obtained earlier in a smaller number of patients. The Km was independent of age, weight and sex but there was a weak, correlation between Vm and body weight. We conclude that the use of population Vm and Km in normograms could lead to errors in DPH dose estimations as they correlated very poorly with patient characteristics. OPT was easy to use and sufficiently accurate for deriving dose estimates in routine patients. Its use would enable practitioners to generate their patients' own parameters for use in individual dosage adjustments. The estimates can subsequently be updated as more data become available.
  17. Rahman AR, Noor AR, Hassan Y
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):364-8.
    PMID: 7674972
    The training of doctors in therapeutics has created interesting discussions internationally. A survey of senior hospital pharmacists currently practising throughout West Malaysia was embarked on during a recent postgraduate seminar. About sixty per cent said prescribing errors were common amongst doctors. Sixteen per cent of the prescribing errors were potentially serious. Most of the time errors were due to carelessness, lack of knowledge on drug action or a combination of both. Nearly 35% of prescribing errors were not acknowledged by doctors. Most doctors did not give reasons for not acknowledging pharmacists' intervention. About half (46.5%) of the respondents thought that doctors were not adequately trained in the use of drugs.
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