Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 76 in total

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  1. Exploring recent developments to improve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin: A review of new trends and future perspectives
    Hussain Z, Thu HE, Amjad MW, Hussain F, Ahmed TA, Khan S
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Aug 01;77:1316-1326.
    PMID: 28532009 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.226
    Curcumin derivatives have been well-documented due to their natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Curcuminoids have also gained widespread recognition due to their wide range of other activities which include anti-infective, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, anti-coagulant, antiarthrititc, and wound healing potential. Despite of having a wide range of activities, the inherent physicochemical characteristics (poor water solubility, low bioavailability, chemical instability, photodegradation, rapid metabolism and short half-life) of curcumin derivatives limit their pharmaceutical significance. Aiming to overcome these pharmaceutical issues and improving therapeutic efficacy of curcuminoids, newer strategies have been attempted in recent years. These advanced techniques include polymeric nanoparticles, nanocomposite hydrogels, nanovesicles, nanofibers, nanohybrid scaffolds, nanoconjugates, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsion, polymeric micelles and polymeric blend films. Incorporation of curcumin in these delivery systems has shown improved solubility, transmembrane permeability, long-term stability, improved bioavailability, longer plasma half-life, target-specific delivery, and upgraded therapeutic efficacy. In this review, a range of in vitro and in vivo studies have been critically discussed to explore the pharmaceutical significance and therapeutic viability of the advanced delivery systems to improve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial efficacies of curcumin and its derivatives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  2. Fulltext A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin
    Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:186864.
    PMID: 24877064 DOI: 10.1155/2014/186864
    Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) and its polyphenolic compound curcumin have been subjected to a variety of antimicrobial investigations due to extensive traditional uses and low side effects. Antimicrobial activities for curcumin and rhizome extract of C. longa against different bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been reported. The promising results for antimicrobial activity of curcumin made it a good candidate to enhance the inhibitory effect of existing antimicrobial agents through synergism. Indeed, different investigations have been done to increase the antimicrobial activity of curcumin, including synthesis of different chemical derivatives to increase its water solubility as well ass cell up take of curcumin. This review aims to summarize previous antimicrobial studies of curcumin towards its application in the future studies as a natural antimicrobial agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  3. Fulltext Curcumin: the spicy modulator of breast carcinogenesis
    Banik U, Parasuraman S, Adhikary AK, Othman NH
    J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2017 Jul 19;36(1):98.
    PMID: 28724427 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0566-5
    Worldwide breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. For many years clinicians and the researchers are examining and exploring various therapeutic modalities for breast cancer. Yet the disease has remained unconquered and the quest for cure is still going on. Present-day strategy of breast cancer therapy and prevention is either combination of a number of drugs or a drug that modulates multiple targets. In this regard natural products are now becoming significant options. Curcumin exemplifies a promising natural anticancer agent for this purpose. This review primarily underscores the modulatory effect of curcumin on the cancer hallmarks. The focus is its anticancer effect in the complex pathways of breast carcinogenesis. Curcumin modulates breast carcinogenesis through its effect on cell cycle and proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, cancer spread and angiogenesis. Largely the NFkB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK and JAK/STAT are the key signaling pathways involved. The review also highlights the curcumin mediated modulation of tumor microenvironment, cancer immunity, breast cancer stem cells and cancer related miRNAs. Using curcumin as a therapeutic and preventive agent in breast cancer is perplexed by its diverse biological activity, much of which remains inexplicable. The information reviewed here should point toward potential scope of future curcumin research in breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  4. Current prospects of synthetic curcumin analogs and chalcone derivatives against mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Bukhari SN, Franzblau SG, Jantan I, Jasamai M
    Med Chem, 2013 Nov;9(7):897-903.
    PMID: 23305394
    Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is amongst the foremost infectious diseases. Treatment of tuberculosis is a complex process due to various factors including a patient's inability to persevere with a combined treatment regimen, the difficulty in eradicating the infection in immune-suppressed patients, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Extensive research circumscribing molecules to counteract this disease has led to the identification of many inhibitory small molecules. Among these are chalcone derivatives along with curcumin analogs. In this review article, we summarize the reported literature regarding anti tubercular activity of chalcone derivatives and synthetic curcumin analogs. Our goal is to provide an analysis of research to date in order to facilitate the synthesis of superior antitubercular chalcone derivatives and curcumin analogs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  5. An Evaluation of Curcumin-Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery
    Nair RS, Morris A, Billa N, Leong CO
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019 Jan 10;20(2):69.
    PMID: 30631984 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1279-6
    Curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were synthesised and evaluated in vitro for enhanced transdermal delivery. Zetasizer® characterisation of three different formulations of curcumin nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) showed the size ranged from 167.3 ± 3.8 nm to 251.5 ± 5.8 nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) values were between 0.26 and 0.46 and the zeta potential values were positive (+ 18.1 to + 20.2 mV). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images supported this size data and confirmed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. All the formulations showed excellent entrapment efficiency above 80%. FTIR results demonstrate the interaction between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and confirm the presence of curcumin in the nanoparticle. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of Cu-NPs indicate the presence of curcumin in a disordered crystalline or amorphous state, suggesting the interaction between the drug and the polymer. Drug release studies showed an improved drug release at pH 5.0 than in pH 7.4 and followed a zero order kinetics. The in vitro permeation studies through Strat-M® membrane demonstrated an enhanced permeation of Cu-NPs compared to aqueous curcumin solution (p ˂ 0.05) having a flux of 0.54 ± 0.03 μg cm-2 h-1 and 0.44 ± 0.03 μg cm-2 h-1 corresponding to formulations 5:1 and 3:1, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay on human keratinocyte (HaCat) cells showed enhanced percentage cell viability of Cu-NPs compared to curcumin solution. Cu-NPs developed in this study exhibit superior drug release and enhanced transdermal permeation of curcumin and superior percentage cell viability. Further ex vivo and in vivo evaluations will be conducted to support these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  6. Curcumin Sensitizes Cancers Towards TRAIL-induced Apoptosis via Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways
    Ngai SC
    Curr Drug Targets, 2020;21(9):849-854.
    PMID: 32116190 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200302124426
    Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a natural protein expressed in a wide range of tissues in our body. It is a promising anti-cancer agent due to its selective killing of cancer cells, rendering normal cells unharmed. However, resistance occurs either intrinsically or develops over the course of TRAIL treatment. In view of its specificity to cancer cells, there is a pushing need to overcome TRAIL resistance. Curcumin (Cur), a natural active constituent of turmeric, has been evidenced to have anti-cancer properties. However, it is limited by its sparing solubility and low bioavailability. Combinational therapy is one of the most frequently used strategies to overcome these limitations, which has been proved to be more effective than monotherapy by achieving synergistic effects and reducing toxicity. This review aims to discuss TRAIL and its underlying apoptotic mechanisms, the combinational treatment of Cur and TRAIL in view of their respective limitations, and the underlying apoptotic mechanisms activated by the sensitization of cancers by Cur towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, this review discusses the research gap and the author's insight into this research area in bridging the research gap from bench to bedside.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  7. Fulltext Curcuma longa ethanol extract and Curcumin inhibit the growth of Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoites and cysts isolated from water reservoirs at Walailak University, Thailand
    Mitsuwan W, Bunsuwansakul C, Leonard TE, Laohaprapanon S, Hounkong K, Bunluepuech K, et al.
    Pathog Glob Health, 2020 05 18;114(4):194-204.
    PMID: 32315247 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1755551
    CURCUMA LONGA: (C. longa) rhizome extract has been traditionally used to treat many infections. Curcumin, a pure compound isolated from the plant, has been documented to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Thai medicinal plant extracts including C. longa extract and Curcumin on Acanthamoeba triangularis, a causative agent of human Acanthamoeba keratitis. The parasite was isolated from the recreational reservoir at Walailak University, Thailand. The organism was identified as A. triangularis using morphology and 18S rDNA nucleotide sequences. The pathogen was tested for their susceptibility to ethanol extracts of Thai medicinal plants based on eye infection treatment. The ethanol C. longa extract showed the strongest anti-Acanthamoeba activity against both the trophozoites and cysts, followed by Coscinium fenestratum, Coccinia grandis, and Acmella oleracea extracts, respectively. After 24 h, 95% reduction of trophozoite viability was significantly decreased following the treatment with C. longa extract at 125 µg/mL, compared with the control (P Curcumin against the trophozoites were 125 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. While the MICs of the extract and curcumin against the cysts were 500 and 1,000 µg/mL, respectively. The results suggested the potential medicinal benefits of C. longa extract and Curcumin as the alternative treatment of Acanthamoeba infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  8. Impact of bovine and human serum albumin on Curcumin in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus
    Teow SY, Ali SA
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2017 May;30(3):891-895.
    PMID: 28653935
    This study evaluated the impact of pH (7.4 and 6.5), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and human serum albumin (HSA) on Curcumin activity against 2 reference, 1 clinical, and 10 environmental strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Curcumin against S. aureus were statistically indifferent (p>0.05) at pH7.4 and pH6.5. Activity of Curcumin against S. aureus was reduced by two folds in the presence of 1.25-5% BSA/HSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  9. Photodynamic inactivation of Burkholderia cepacia by curcumin in combination with EDTA
    Hu J, Lin S, Tan BK, Hamzah SS, Lin Y, Kong Z, et al.
    Food Res Int, 2018 09;111:265-271.
    PMID: 30007685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.042
    Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus found in various aquatic environments and can cause food contamination. We investigated the photodynamic antibacterial effects of food additive curcumin combined with EDTA on B. cepacia. We found a ~4-log reduction in B. cepacia viability when photo-irradiated with curcumin at 50 μM by blue LED light (16 mW/cm2) for 30 min with 0.4% (w/v) EDTA. Moreover, the bacterial morphological alterations and the leakage of intracellular contents were observed after photodynamic treatment. There were also obvious genomic DNA cleavage and a general loss of bacterial proteins assigned to large-scale protein degradation after photodynamic inactivation treatment. Collectively, curcumin in combination with EDTA illuminated by blue LED is a potential candidate for photodynamic inactivation of B. cepacia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  10. Fulltext Curcumin-Based Photodynamic Sterilization for Preservation of Fresh-Cut Hami Melon
    Lin Y, Hu J, Li S, Hamzah SS, Jiang H, Zhou A, et al.
    Molecules, 2019 Jun 27;24(13).
    PMID: 31252525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132374
    Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are the main sources of foodborne illness outbreaks with implicated pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. This study aimed at investigating the influence of two key parameters (concentration of curcumin and illumination time) on the effects of curcumin-based photodynamic sterilization on the preservation of fresh-cut Hami melons. The results indicated that illumination with 50 μmol/L curcumin for 60 min using a blue LED lamp reduced the total aerobic microorganism count by ~1.8 log CFU/g in fresh-cut Hami melons. Besides this, the effects of photodynamic sterilization on the soluble solids content, color, water content, firmness, and sensory indices of the fresh-cut Hami melons were also evaluated. Compared to the control group, photodynamic sterilization can effectively delay the browning rate and maintain the luminosity, firmness, water content, and soluble solids content of fresh-cut Hami melon. The sensory quality was indeed preserved well after 9 days of storage in a fridge. These results showed that photodynamic sterilization is an effective and promising technology to prolong the shelf life of fresh-cut Hami melons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  11. Altered antibacterial activity of Curcumin in the presence of serum albumin, plasma and whole blood
    Teow SY, Ali SA
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2017 Mar;30(2):449-457.
    PMID: 28649069
    Antibacterial effect is one of the major therapeutic activities of plant-derived Curcumin. This work evaluated the effect of serum albumin, human plasma, and whole blood on the in vitro activity of Curcumin against eight clinical bacterial isolates by standard broth microdilution and plate-counting methods. Toxicological effects of Curcumin towards human red blood cells (RBCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also investigated. Curcumin exhibited weak activity against gram-negative bacteria, except Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri were susceptible and was most active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial activity was impaired in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), human plasma and whole blood. Curcumin was not toxic to PBMCs and RBCs at 200μg/mL. Furthermore, Curcumin showed synergistic activity in combination with antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Vancomycin and Amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus. This study demonstrated that the interaction of Curcumin with plasma proteins diminishes its in vitro antibacterial activity. Curcumin derivatives with reduced affinity for plasma protein may improve the bioavailability and antibacterial activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  12. Biological activity and molecular docking studies of curcumin-related α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based synthetic compounds as anticancer agents and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors
    Bukhari SN, Jantan I, Unsal Tan O, Sher M, Naeem-Ul-Hassan M, Qin HL
    J Agric Food Chem, 2014 Jun 18;62(24):5538-47.
    PMID: 24901506 DOI: 10.1021/jf501145b
    Hyperpigmentation in human skin and enzymatic browning in fruits, which are caused by tyrosinase enzyme, are not desirable. Investigations in the discovery of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors and search for improved cytotoxic agents continue to be an important line in drug discovery and development. In present work, a new series of 30 compounds bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety was designed and synthesized following curcumin as model. All compounds were evaluated for their effects on human cancer cell lines and mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships of these compounds are also explained. Molecular modeling studies of these new compounds were carried out to explore interactions with tyrosinase enzyme. Synthetic curcumin-like compounds (2a-b) were identified as potent anticancer agents with 81-82% cytotoxicity. Five of these newly synthesized compounds (1a, 8a-b, 10a-b) emerged to be the potent inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase, providing further insight into designing compounds useful in fields of food, health, and agriculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  13. Effects of novel diarylpentanoid analogues of curcumin on secretory phospholipase A2 , cyclooxygenases, lipo-oxygenase, and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1
    Ahmad W, Kumolosasi E, Jantan I, Bukhari SN, Jasamai M
    Chem Biol Drug Des, 2014 Jun;83(6):670-81.
    PMID: 24406103 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12280
    Arachidonic acid and its metabolites have generated a heightened interest due to their significant role in inflammation. Inhibiting the enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism has been considered as the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. A series of novel curcumin diarylpentanoid analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on activity of secretory phospholipase A2 , cyclooxygenases, soybean lipo-oxygenase as well as microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. Among the curcumin analogues, compounds 3, 6, 9, 12, and 17 exhibited strong inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2 activity, with IC50 values ranging from 5.89 to 11.02 μm. Seven curcumin analogues 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 12 showed inhibition of cyclooxygenases-2 with IC50 values in the range of 46.11 to 94.86 μm, which were lower than that of curcumin. Compounds 3, 6, 7, 12, and 17 showed strong inhibition of lipo-oxygenase enzyme activity. Preliminary screening of diarylpentanoid curcumin analogues for microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 activity revealed that four diarylpentanoid curcumin analogues 5, 6, 7, and 13 demonstrated higher inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 activity with IC50 ranging from 2.41 to 4.48 μm, which was less than that of curcumin. The present results suggest that some of these diarylpentanoid analogues were able to inhibit the activity of these enzymes. This raises the possibility that diarylpentanoid analogues of curcumin might serve as useful starting point for the design of improved anti-inflammatory agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  14. Effect of curcumin on aortic changes in ovariectomized rats fed with repeatedly heated soy oil: a preliminary electron microscopic study
    Rashid Jusoh A, Das S, Kamsiah J, Qodriyah HM, Faizah O
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(4):307-13.
    PMID: 24045513 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1578
    Consumption of repeatedly heated soy oil has been linked with incidence of atherosclerosis particularly in oestrogen deficient states. In the present study, effect of curcumin extract on the prevention of atherosclerosis was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  15. Inhibitory effect of compounds from Zingiberaceae species on human platelet aggregation
    Jantan I, Raweh SM, Sirat HM, Jamil S, Mohd Yasin YH, Jalil J, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2008 Apr;15(4):306-9.
    PMID: 17913483
    Twelve compounds isolated from Alpinia mutica Roxb., Kaempferia rotunda Linn., Curcuma xanthorhiza Roxb., Curcuma aromatica Valeton and Zingiber zerumbet Smith (Family: Zingiberaceae) and three synthesized derivatives of xanthorrhizol were evaluated for their ability to inhibit arachidonic acid- (AA), collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human whole blood. Antiplatelet activity of the compounds was measured in vitro by the Chrono Log whole blood aggregometer using an electrical impedance method. Among the compounds tested, curcumin from C. aromatica, cardamonin, pinocembrine and 5,6-dehydrokawain from A. mutica and 3-deacetylcrotepoxide from K. rotunda showed strong inhibition on platelet aggregation induced by AA with IC(50) values of less than 84 microM. Curcumin was the most effective antiplatelet compound as it inhibited AA-, collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation with IC(50) values of 37.5, 60.9 and 45.7 microM, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  16. Antioxidative constituents of Etlingera elatior
    Mohamad H, Lajis NH, Abas F, Ali AM, Sukari MA, Kikuzaki H, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2005 Feb;68(2):285-8.
    PMID: 15730265
    Phytochemical studies on the rhizomes of Etlingera elatior have resulted in the isolation of 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,6-heptatrienone (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (3), 16-hydroxylabda-8(17),11,13-trien-15,16-olide (4), stigmast-4-en-3-one, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione, stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one, and 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol. Compounds 1 and 4 are new, and their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data. Diarylheptanoids 1-3 were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in a more potent manner than alpha-tocopherol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  17. Preparation and photodynamic bactericidal effects of curcumin-β-cyclodextrin complex
    Lai D, Zhou A, Tan BK, Tang Y, Sarah Hamzah S, Zhang Z, et al.
    Food Chem, 2021 Nov 01;361:130117.
    PMID: 34058659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130117
    To overcome the poor water solubility of curcumin, a curcumin-β-cyclodextrin (Cur-β-CD) complex was prepared as a novel photosensitizer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to verify the formation of Cur-β-CD. Furthermore, the ROS generation capacity and photodynamic bactericidal effect were measured to confirm this Cur-β-CD complex kept photodynamic activity of curcumin. The result showed Cur-β-CD could effectively generate ROS upon blue-light irradiation. The plate count assay demonstrated Cur-β-CD complex possess desirable photodynamic antibacterial effect against food-borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The cell morphology determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed Cur-β-CD could cause cell deformation, surface collapse and cell structure damage of the bacteria, resulting in the leakage of cytoplasmic; while agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE further illustrated the inactivation mechanisms by Cur-β-CD involve bacterial DNA damage and protein degradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  18. Docking Studies of Curcumin and Analogues with Various Phosphodiesterase 4 Subtypes
    Yi YX, Gaurav A, Akowuah GA
    Curr Drug Discov Technol, 2020;17(2):248-260.
    PMID: 30332967 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666181017091655
    INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of this study is to understand the binding of curcumin and its analogues to different PDE4 subtypes and identify the role of PDE4 subtype inhibition in the anti-inflammatory property of curcumin. Docking analysis has been used to acquire the above mentioned structural information and this has been further used for designing of curcumin derivatives with better anti-inflammatory activity.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Curcumin and its analogues were subjected to docking using PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C and PDE4D as the targets. A data set comprising 18 analogues of curcumin, was used as ligands for docking of PDE4 subtypes. Curcumin was used as the standard for comparison. Docking was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software integrated in LigandScout 4.1. During this process water molecules were removed from proteins, charges were added and receptor structures were minimised by applying suitable force fields. The docking scores were compared, and the selectivity of compounds for PDE4B over PDE4D was calculated as well.

    RESULTS: All curcumin analogues used in the study showed good binding affinity with all PDE4 subtypes, with evident selectivity towards PDE4B subtype. Analogue A11 provides the highest binding affinity among all ligands.

    CONCLUSION: Curcumin and analogues have moderate to strong affinity towards all PDE4 subtypes and have evident selectivity towards PDE4B. The Oxygen atom of the methoxy group plays a key role in PDE4B binding and any alterations could interfere with the binding. Tetrahydropyran side chain and heterocyclic rings are also suggested to be helpful in PDE4B binding.

    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
  19. Natural Polyphenols in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
    Syarifah-Noratiqah SB, Naina-Mohamed I, Zulfarina MS, Qodriyah HMS
    Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(8):927-937.
    PMID: 28356027 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170328122527
    Neurodegenerative disease is an incurable disease which involves the degeneration or death of the nerve cells. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease discovered in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German clinical psychiatrist and neuroanatomist. The main pathological hallmarks of this disease are the formation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT). The accumulation of the amyloid protein aggregates in the brain of AD patients leads to oxidative stress and inflammation. Other postulated reasons for the development of this disease are cholinergic depletion and excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission. The current drugs approved and marketed for the treatment of AD are cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. The function of ChEIs is to avoid cholinergic depletion; whereas the function of NMDA receptor antagonist is to block excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission. Unfortunately, the current drugs prescribed for AD show only modest improvement in terms of symptomatic relief and delay the progression of the disease. This review will discuss about several polyphenolic compounds as potential natural treatment options for AD. Three compounds are highlighted in this review - Curcumin (Cur), Resveratrol (Rsv) and Epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG). These compounds have huge potential for AD treatment, especially due to their low frequency of adverse events. However, the current conventional pharmaceutical drugs remain as the mainstay of treatment for AD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology
  20. An overview of structure-activity relationship studies of curcumin analogs as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents
    Arshad L, Haque MA, Abbas Bukhari SN, Jantan I
    Future Med Chem, 2017 04;9(6):605-626.
    PMID: 28394628 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0223
    Curcumin, extracted mainly from Curcuma longa rhizomes, has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although safe at higher doses and exhibiting multiple biological activities, curcumin still has the problem of poor bioavailability which has been an attractive area of research over the last few years. A number of efforts have been made by modifying structural features of curcumin. This review highlights the structurally modified and more stable newly synthesized curcumin analogs that have been screened against antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Also the structure-activity relationship to gain insight into future guidelines for scheming new compounds has been discussed, and further these analogs being more stable may serve as promising agents for use in different pathological conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Curcumin/pharmacology*
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