Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 433 in total

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  1. METHA KM
    Med J Malaya, 1955 Jun;9(4):284-7.
    PMID: 13253129
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand*; Hand Injuries*
  2. Chee WH, Gunasagaran J, Ahmad TS
    Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir, 2020 Jun;52(3):176-181.
    PMID: 32531783 DOI: 10.1055/a-1170-5590
    ZIEL: Diese Studie vergleicht die klinischen Ergebnisse nach Delta-Draht-Technik (Gruppe 1 = 7 Patienten) mit den Ergebnissen nach Extensions-Block-Pinning (Gruppe 2 = 11 Patienten) in der Behandlung des knöchernen Mallet-Fingers.

    PATIENTEN UND METHODEN: Sechs Monate postoperativ wurde bei allen Patienten das klinische Ergebnis nach den Crawford-Kriterien, die Schmerzen anhand einer visuellen Analogskale (VAS) und der DASH-Score ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurden die aktive Beweglichkeit und das Extensionsdefizit im Endgelenk sowie aufgetretene Komplikationen festgehalten.

    ERGEBNISSE: Patienten der Gruppe 1 hatten eine signifikant bessere Beugung im Fingerendgelenk, aber auch ein signifikant größeres Extensionsdefizit, obwohl sie signifikant früher ihre Arbeit wiederaufnahmen. Nach den Crawford-Kriterien erzielten 71 % der Patienten der Gruppe 1 und 100 % der Gruppe 2 ein exzellentes und gutes Ergebnis. Keine Unterschiede konnten bzgl. der OP-Dauer, der Schmerzen, dem DASH-Score und der Zeit bis zur knöchernen Heilung festgestellt werden.

    SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: In der Kurzzeitbeobachtung werden mit Extension-Block-Pinning bessere Ergebnisse in der Behandlung des knöchernen Strecksehnenausriss am Fingerendglied erzielt als mit der Delta-Draht-Technik.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Deformities, Acquired*
  3. Wan Hassan WN, Abu Kassim NL, Jhawar A, Shurkri NM, Kamarul Baharin NA, Chan CS
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2016 Apr;149(4):567-78.
    PMID: 27021461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.10.018
    In this article, we present an evaluation of user acceptance of our innovative hand-gesture-based touchless sterile system for interaction with and control of a set of 3-dimensional digitized orthodontic study models using the Kinect motion-capture sensor (Microsoft, Redmond, Wash).
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  4. Mohd Rani MD, Mohamed NA, Jamaluddin TZMT, Ismail Z, Ramli S, Faroque H, et al.
    Community Health Equity Res Policy, 2023 Jul;43(4):375-380.
    PMID: 34256634 DOI: 10.1177/0272684X211033448
    BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene is regarded as the most important measure to prevent spread of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a prototype application in an electronic device in educating, stimulating and monitoring hand hygiene quality in young children.

    METHOD: A pre-school was provided with an interactive hand hygiene application for two months. The device features an online administrator dashboard for data collection and for monitoring the children's hand washing steps and duration. A good hand washing is defined as hand washing which comprise all of the steps outlined in the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

    RESULTS: The prototype managed to capture 6882 hand wash performed with an average of 20.85 seconds per hand wash. Washing hands palm to palm was the most frequent (79.9%) step performed, whereas scrubbing fingernails and wrists were the least (56%) steps performed.

    CONCLUSIONS: The device is a good prototype to educate, stimulate and monitor good hand hygiene practices. However, other measures should be undertaken to ensure sustainability of the practices.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hand; Hand Disinfection; Hand Hygiene*
  5. Almassri AMM, Wan Hasan WZ, Ahmad SA, Shafie S, Wada C, Horio K
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Aug 05;18(8).
    PMID: 30081581 DOI: 10.3390/s18082561
    This paper presents a novel approach to predicting self-calibration in a pressure sensor using a proposed Levenberg Marquardt Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (LMBP-ANN) model. The self-calibration algorithm should be able to fix major problems in the pressure sensor such as hysteresis, variation in gain and lack of linearity with high accuracy. The traditional calibration process for this kind of sensor is a time-consuming task because it is usually done through manual and repetitive identification. Furthermore, a traditional computational method is inadequate for solving the problem since it is extremely difficult to resolve the mathematical formula among multiple confounding pressure variables. Accordingly, this paper describes a new self-calibration methodology for nonlinear pressure sensors based on an LMBP-ANN model. The proposed method was achieved using a collected dataset from pressure sensors in real time. The load cell will be used as a reference for measuring the applied force. The proposed method was validated by comparing the output pressure of the trained network with the experimental target pressure (reference). This paper also shows that the proposed model exhibited a remarkable performance than traditional methods with a max mean square error of 0.17325 and an R-value over 0.99 for the total response of training, testing and validation. To verify the proposed model's capability to build a self-calibration algorithm, the model was tested using an untrained input data set. As a result, the proposed LMBP-ANN model for self-calibration purposes is able to successfully predict the desired pressure over time, even the uncertain behaviour of the pressure sensors due to its material creep. This means that the proposed model overcomes the problems of hysteresis, variation in gain and lack of linearity over time. In return, this can be used to enhance the durability of the grasping mechanism, leading to a more robust and secure grasp for paralyzed hands. Furthermore, the exposed analysis approach in this paper can be a useful methodology for the user to evaluate the performance of any measurement system in a real-time environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand; Hand Strength
  6. Madhurya L, Urvashisahu -, Ezhilvendan S, Sumithradevi S, Vivekbabu CS
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Dec 01;38(4):605-612.
    PMID: 35001927 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.4.104
    Globally, COVID-19 outbreak is a major social issue in the current trend. SARS-CoV2 is a novel coronavirus causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in human and it is spreading rapidly among human population. In order to prevent SARS-CoV2 infection and managing this corona disease, WHO formula based alcoholic hand sanitisers are being widely used as one of the primary preventive agent and the demand is increasing worldwide. Herbal extracts and/or their phytochemicals have been considered as natural sources for formulating herbal hand sanitizers as alternative to alcoholic products. In this correspondence, we have described about the probable mechanistic action of herbal bioactives to fight against COVID-19 virus. Understanding of mechanistic action of bioactives could be useful to formulate herbal hand sanitizers and the products have high demand in the global sanitizer market.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Sanitizers*
  7. Ng JK, Tay FH, Wray PS, Mohd Saberi SS, Ken Ting KK, Khor SM, et al.
    Anal Chem, 2021 11 16;93(45):15015-15023.
    PMID: 34730329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02652
    The onset of Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the exponential growth of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR)/hand sanitizer use. Reports have emerged of ABHR products containing methanol, a highly toxic compound to humans, exposing users to acute and chronic medical illnesses. While gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) remains the gold-standard method for the detection and identification of impurities in ABHRs, there exist limitations at widespread volume testing. This paper demonstrates the capability of an inexpensive portable pyroelectric linear array infrared spectrometer to rapidly test ABHR and compare the performance with a benchtop Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and HS-GC-MS. Multicomponent partial least square quantification models were built with performance found to be comparable between the two spectrometers and with the HS-GC-MS. Furthermore, the portable spectrometer was field-tested with real-world samples in Malaysia on both retail products (Group A) and freely deployed public dispensers (Group B) between May and November 2020. A total of 386 samples were tested. Only 75.2% of Group A met the criteria of safe and effective ABHR [no detectable methanol and alcohol concentration above 60% (v/v)], while <50% of Group B did. In addition, 7.4 and 18.8% of Group A and Group B, respectively, were found to contain methanol above permissible limits. The high percentage of sub-standard and methanol-containing samples combined with the frequent use of ABHR by the public highlights the need for and importance of a portable and rapid testing device for widespread screening of ABHR against falsified products and protects the general public.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Sanitizers*
  8. Lenggono KA, Qomariyatus S, Gatot C, Sri A, Ahsan, Patria DKA, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 May;78(3):296-300.
    PMID: 37271838
    INTRODUCTION: Hospital-acquired infection is still one of the health problems in the world that require infection control and prevention efforts, especially nurses' hand washing compliance. Various strategies and efforts to improve handwashing compliance include educational approaches, motivation and improvement of the health care system, one of which is through the use of The Theory Of Planned Behaviour application in solving handwashing compliance.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative research with a survey approach and observation of hand washing compliance of all nurses N = 321 with a sample of n = 178 nurses. The research variables studied consisted of intention, discipline, self-assessment, opportunity compliance and implementation of the nurse's hand washing. Nurse handwashing compliance observations were made by Infection Prevention Control Link Nurse (IPCN) committee. Data analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) with smart partial least square (SmartPLS 3.0) application.

    RESULTS: The nurse's intention to apply the theory of planned behaviour has no significant effect on the implementation of hand washing with path coefficients of 0.104 and p-value 0.221 > 0.05. The effect of nurses' intentions on the implementation of nurse hand washing through discipline is significant with a value of variance accounted for (VAF) 0.8043 or 80.43 % of nurse discipline is a complete mediation variable.

    CONCLUSION: Discipline as a complete meditation variable in the application of the theory of planned behaviour in the compliance of nurses' hand washing five moments six steps. Nurses are expected to continuously improve their discipline independently or be assisted by training activities facilitated by the hospital.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Disinfection*
  9. Phuna ZX, Panda BP, Hawala Shivashekaregowda NK, Madhavan P
    Int J Environ Health Res, 2023 Jul;33(7):670-699.
    PMID: 35253535 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2046710
    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide outbreak. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact where personal protective equipment (PPE) is imperative to protect the individuals. The advancement of nanotechnology with significant nanosized properties can confer a higher form of protection. Incorporation of nanotechnology into facemasks can exhibit antiviral properties. Nanocoating on surfaces can achieve self-disinfecting purposes and be applied in highly populated places. Moreover, nano-based hand sanitizers can confer better sterilizing efficacies with low skin irritation as compared to alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The present review discusses the incorporation of nanotechnology into nano-based materials and coatings in facemasks, self-surface disinfectants and hand sanitizers, in the hope to contribute to the current understanding of PPE to combat COVID-19.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Sanitizers*
  10. Zainudin MF, Soo KC, Nyein Yin K
    F1000Res, 2023;12:529.
    PMID: 38716229 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133838.1
    Alien hand syndrome (AHS) is a rare neurological phenomenon first described by Goldstein over a century ago. The most widely recognized variants in literature are frontal, callosal, and posterior AHS. AHS due to the corpus callosum lesion can occur alone or as part of callosal disconnection syndrome (CDS). This report presents a unique CDS case manifesting clinical features from all three AHS variants, resulting from an extensive corpus callosum infarct. Our patient exhibited various clinical features from the three AHS variants, which include grasping, groping, and difficulty releasing objects from the hand (anterior); intermanual conflict (callosal); arm levitation, mild hemiparesis, and hemisensory loss (posterior). Additionally, the extensive disruption of the corpus callosal fibers produced neurological manifestations of CDS, such as cognitive impairment, ideomotor and constructional apraxia, behavioral disorder, and transcortical motor aphasia. We employed a range of rehabilitation interventions, such as mirror box therapy, limb restraint strategy, verbal cue training, cognitive behavioral therapy, bimanual hand training, speech and language therapy, and pharmacological treatment with clonazepam. The patient showed almost complete resolution of CDS and AHS features by nine months post-stroke Our case report highlights distinctive clinical variations of AHS and the challenging correlation between clinical manifestations and neuroanatomical substrates. Future studies are necessary to explore the intricate neural connections and the precise function of the corpus callosum. This can be achieved by combining comprehensive neuropsychological testing with diffusion tensor tractography studies. It is also essential to develop a validated tool to standardize AHS assessment. Finally, the scarcity of evidence in rehabilitation interventions necessitates further studies to address the wide knowledge gap in AHS and CDS management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alien Hand Syndrome*
  11. Teoh WK, Md Muslim NZ, Ismail ML, Chang KH, Abdullah AFL
    Anal Methods, 2021 04 07;13(13):1601-1611.
    PMID: 33730137 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00075f
    Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, practicing personal hygiene such as frequent hand sanitising has become a norm. The making of effective hand sanitiser products should follow the recommended formulations, but the high demand worldwide for such affordable products could have made them a candidate for counterfeiting, thus deserving forensic determination and profiling for source determination or supply chain tracing. In this study, determination and discrimination of hand sanitisers was carried out by employing attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Fifty commercially available hand sanitisers were obtained from the market and analysed. ATR-FTIR profiles of each sanitiser were compared and decomposed by principal component analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Physical observation enabled the discrimination of seven samples based on their respective colours, the presence of beads and their colours, and the physical forms of formulations. Subsequently, eight distinct patterns were observed through visual comparison of ATR-FTIR profiles of the remaining 43 samples. An initial unsupervised exploratory PCA model indicated the separation of two main groups with ATR-FTIR profiles similar to those of ethanol and isopropanol, respectively. The PCA score-LDA model provided good predictions, with a 100% correct classification into eight different groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a quick determination and discrimination of hand sanitiser samples, allowing screening for any restricted components and sample-to-sample comparison.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Hygiene; Hand Sanitizers/standards*
  12. Jahani Fariman H, Ahmad SA, Hamiruce Marhaban M, Alijan Ghasab M, Chappell PH
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2016 Mar;39(1):85-102.
    PMID: 26581764 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-015-0399-5
    This research proposes an exploratory study of a simple, accurate, and computationally efficient movement classification technique for prosthetic hand application. Surface myoelectric signals were acquired from the four muscles, namely, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii, of four normal-limb subjects. The signals were segmented, and the features were extracted with a new combined time-domain feature extraction method. Fuzzy C-means clustering method and scatter plot were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed multi-feature versus Hudgins' multi-feature. The movements were classified with a hybrid Adaptive Resonance Theory-based neural network. Comparative results indicate that the proposed hybrid classifier not only has good classification accuracy (89.09%) but also a significantly improved computation time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  13. Mohd Rizal Hamid, Ahmad Faruq Mohamad Rosli, Manokaran, Kesavan, Siti Shafiqa Shamira Hashin, Nik Mohd Dzarrin Ghifari Azmy, Baba Md Deros, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Awareness of occupational noise and its effects is growing. At No. 11 squadron base, Sukhoi jet was identified as the main culprit of occupational noise that affects not just the employees of the base but also civilian people in the surrounding area. The objective of the study is to identify the noise level produced by Sukhoi two-engines jet during maintenance operations. Investigations were carried out using Bruel & Kjaer 2250 sound level meter hand-analyser. Measurements were performed directly under the Sukhoi jet body and then 10 metres, 50 metres, 100 metres, 1000 metres and 1500 metres away. The jet engines could operate at two levels, at 72% RPM and at 85% RPM. The civilians are only exposed to its noise from more than 1000 metres away. The results from this study are analysed and noise mapping and noise contouring are produced which give the level of noise exposure. The maximum noise is recorded t 122dB(A) and the minimum is at 60dB(A). The farther the noise from the jet is measured, the lower the values recorded. From the noise mapping, the effects of noise exposures on both the employees at the base and the civilian at the neighbouring surrounding could be identified. Even though the exposures are only for 5-10 minutes, it is still considered as a threat
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  14. Lee, C.K., Sara Ahmad, T., Abdullah, B.J.J.
    Malays Orthop J, 2008;2(2):47-49.
    MyJurnal
    Splinter or foreign body removal from the hand and foot is a common occurrence. Usually only the deep seated, broken or missed splinters are referred to the surgeon for removal. Unless the object is radio-opaque, plain radiograph will not give any useful information, hence removal can sometimes be very difficult and traumatic. We are reporting a case where a radiolucent splinter was removed with the aid of ultrasonography. This modality can help to localize a splinter at the pre and intra-operative period, minimizing amount of exploration and time of operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  15. Nazri, M.Y., Kamil, M.K., Zamzuri, Z., Khalid, K.A., Azril, M.A.M., Hafiz, A.Z., et al.
    MyJurnal
    Posterior interosseus artery flap is commonly used as a pedicle flap to cover soft tissue defect in the dorsum of the hand. It is not able to cover a soft tissue defect beyond the level of proximal phalang unless it is used as a free flap. We illustrate 2 cases in which large soft tissue defect in the finger was able to close by using a contralateral posterior interosseous flap. This technique is a reliable alternative method for closing large soft tissue defect in the fingers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  16. Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Khairiah Abdul Hamid, Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Hanani Abdul Manan, Mohd Harith Hashim
    MyJurnal
    This study investigated the functional specialisation characteristics of brain in multiple right-hand dominant subjects pertaining to the activation of the cerebral motor cortices evoked by unilateral finger tapping, especially in primary motor (M1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas. This multiple-subject study used unilateral (UNIright and UNIleft) selfpaced tapping of hand fingers to activate the M1 and SMA. Brain activation characteristics were analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Activation for UNIright and UNIleft showed the involvement of contralateral and ipsilateral M1 and SMA. A larger activation area but with a lower percentage of signal change (PSC) were observed in the left M1 due to the control on UNIright (4164 voxels at a = 0.001, PSC = 1.650) as compared to the right M1 due to the control on UNIleft (2012 voxels at a = 0.001, PSC = 2.377). This is due to the influence of the tapping rate effects which is greater than what could be produced by the average effects of the dominant and sub-dominant hands. The significantly higher PSC value observed in the right M1 (p < 0.05) is due to a higher control demand used by the brain in coordinating the tapping of the sub-dominant fingers. The findings obtained from this study showed strong evidence of the existence of brain functional specialisation and could be used as baseline references in determining the most probable motor pathways in a sample of subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  17. Salleh, N.M., Shauri, R.L.A., Nasir, K., Remeli, N.H., Kamal, M.M.
    MyJurnal
    In an earlier study, a three-fingered robot hand was developed for assembly work. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control was used to control the position of a DC micromotor measured by an encoder. However, PID control alone could not cater the nonlinearities due to friction of gears and varying loads applied to the finger. Therefore, in order to develop an intelligent control algorithm in future, the effects of varying PID gains need to be investigated to distinguish the optimal value that could produce the best transient response performance. This paper discusses the effect of varying PID gains on position transient response of the joint motor of robot hand through real-time experiments. Several ranges of KP, KI and KD were identified based on the required transient response parameters such as percentage overshoot (%OS), settling time (TS) of within 2%, steady state error (SSE) and rise time (TR). The gains are tuned across the range by a fixed interval with the tuning order starting from KP, KI and KD. It can be observed that the suitable ranges of PID are 0.3 to 0.5 for KP, 1.15 to 1.45 for KI and 0.10 to 0.14 for KD. Meanwhile, the optimum value of 0.4, 1.45 and 0.10 for KP, KI and KD respectively is found to produce 0 of % OS, 5.09 sec of TS and 2.48 sec of TR. Hence, the gains can be applied to the development of an improved position control using intelligent method for the robot hand in future works.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hand
  18. Szczuka Z, Abraham C, Baban A, Brooks S, Cipolletta S, Danso E, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2021 10 05;21(1):1791.
    PMID: 34610808 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11822-5
    BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's engagement in health behaviors, especially those that protect individuals from SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as handwashing/sanitizing. This study investigated whether adherence to the World Health Organization's (WHO) handwashing guidelines (the outcome variable) was associated with the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by the following 6 indicators: (i) the number of new cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a country-level mean calculated for the 14 days prior to data collection), (ii) total cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality accumulated since the onset of the pandemic, and (iii) changes in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a difference between country-level COVID-19 morbidity/mortality in the previous 14 days compared to cases recorded 14-28 days earlier).

    METHODS: The observational study (#NCT04367337) enrolled 6064 adults residing in Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Data on handwashing adherence across 8 situations (indicated in the WHO guidelines) were collected via an online survey (March-July 2020). Individual-level handwashing data were matched with the date- and country-specific values of the 6 indices of the trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic, obtained from the WHO daily reports.

    RESULTS: Multilevel regression models indicated a negative association between both accumulation of the total cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = -.041, SE = .013, p = .013) and mortality (B = -.036, SE = .014 p = .002) and handwashing. Higher levels of total COVID-related morbidity and mortality were related to lower handwashing adherence. However, increases in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = .014, SE = .007, p = .035) and mortality (B = .022, SE = .009, p = .015) were associated with higher levels of handwashing adherence. Analyses controlled for participants' COVID-19-related situation (their exposure to information about handwashing, being a healthcare professional), sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status), and country-level variables (strictness of containment and health policies, human development index). The models explained 14-20% of the variance in handwashing adherence.

    CONCLUSIONS: To better explain levels of protective behaviors such as handwashing, future research should account for indicators of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.Gov, # NCT04367337.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hand Disinfection
  19. Su AT, Darus A, Bulgiba A, Maeda S, Miyashita K
    J Occup Health, 2012;54(5):349-60.
    PMID: 22863899
    The internationally accepted limit values and the health effects of hand-transmitted vibration exposure have been described extensively in the literature from temperate climate countries but not from a tropical climate environment.

    OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review of the health effects of hand-transmitted vibration exposure in tropical countries to determine the characteristics of hand-arm vibration syndrome in a warm environment and compared the findings with the results of the systematic reviews published by the US NIOSH.

    METHODS: We searched major medical databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Ovid and Cochrane based on the terms "hand arm vibration syndrome," "hand transmitted vibration," "vibration white finger" and "Raynaud" up to January 2011. Only studies conducted in a tropical or subtropical environment were selected for the review. The quality of the selected papers was assessed independently by two investigators using predefined criteria. A standard set of information was abstracted from the papers for review.

    RESULTS: Only six papers from tropical countries and three papers from subtropical countries were available in the literature. No vibration white finger was reported in the tropical countries. Neurological symptoms were prevalent in the vibration-exposed workers. Finger coldness seems to be an important surrogate for vascular disorder in a tropical environment. Meta-analysis could not be performed due to inadequacy of the information reported in these papers.

    CONCLUSIONS: The current dose-response relationship in ISO5349-1 for hand-transmitted vibration exposure is not applicable to a tropical environment. Further studies on hand-arm vibration syndromes in tropical countries are needed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome/physiopathology*
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