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  1. Using written text-based approach to promote reflection: does it work?
    Sim JH
    Med Teach, 2015 Apr;37(4):405-6.
    PMID: 25655656 DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2014.1001345
    Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical/methods*
  2. Solid waste bin level detection using gray level co-occurrence matrix feature extraction approach
    Arebey M, Hannan MA, Begum RA, Basri H
    J Environ Manage, 2012 Aug 15;104:9-18.
    PMID: 22484654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.035
    This paper presents solid waste bin level detection and classification using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature extraction methods. GLCM parameters, such as displacement, d, quantization, G, and the number of textural features, are investigated to determine the best parameter values of the bin images. The parameter values and number of texture features are used to form the GLCM database. The most appropriate features collected from the GLCM are then used as inputs to the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers for bin image classification and grading. The classification and grading performance for DB1, DB2 and DB3 features were selected with both MLP and KNN classifiers. The results demonstrated that the KNN classifier, at KNN = 3, d = 1 and maximum G values, performs better than using the MLP classifier with the same database. Based on the results, this method has the potential to be used in solid waste bin level classification and grading to provide a robust solution for solid waste bin level detection, monitoring and management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Refuse Disposal/methods*
  3. Fulltext Modified subtotal cholecystectomy: a procedure for the difficult gall bladder
    Khan TF
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Mar;47(1):65-8.
    PMID: 1387453
    Modified subtotal cholecystectomy involves removal of the gall bladder after circumferential division of the neck. Either the impacted stone or the surgeons finger was used as a guide to identify the neck. The stump cavity in the neck is obliterated with interrupted sutures to prevent recurrent stone formation. Indications for this procedure are obscure anatomy, due either to the severe inflammation in acute cholecystitis or dense adhesions in the small fibrosed gall bladder. The decision to perform modified subtotal cholecystectomy is taken during the operation. Forty three patients (14%) underwent this procedure during the period between August 85 and April 90. Out of 289 cholecystectomies performed seven were emergency and thirty-six were early cholecystectomies. With the increasing trend towards urgent and early cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis the author has found this to be a safe and definitive procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholecystectomy/methods*
  4. Fulltext EEG-Based Control for Upper and Lower Limb Exoskeletons and Prostheses: A Systematic Review
    Al-Quraishi MS, Elamvazuthi I, Daud SA, Parasuraman S, Borboni A
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Oct 07;18(10).
    PMID: 30301238 DOI: 10.3390/s18103342
    Electroencephalography (EEG) signals have great impact on the development of assistive rehabilitation devices. These signals are used as a popular tool to investigate the functions and the behavior of the human motion in recent research. The study of EEG-based control of assistive devices is still in early stages. Although the EEG-based control of assistive devices has attracted a considerable level of attention over the last few years, few studies have been carried out to systematically review these studies, as a means of offering researchers and experts a comprehensive summary of the present, state-of-the-art EEG-based control techniques used for assistive technology. Therefore, this research has three main goals. The first aim is to systematically gather, summarize, evaluate and synthesize information regarding the accuracy and the value of previous research published in the literature between 2011 and 2018. The second goal is to extensively report on the holistic, experimental outcomes of this domain in relation to current research. It is systematically performed to provide a wealthy image and grounded evidence of the current state of research covering EEG-based control for assistive rehabilitation devices to all the experts and scientists. The third goal is to recognize the gap of knowledge that demands further investigation and to recommend directions for future research in this area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electroencephalography/methods*
  5. Digital pathology as a solution for working from home
    Tan GC, Wong YP
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):201.
    PMID: 34448785
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pathology/methods*
  6. Fulltext Within cluster pattern identification: A new approach for optimizing recycle point distribution to support policy implementation on waste management in Malaysia
    Azri S, Ujang U, Abdullah NS
    Waste Manag Res, 2023 Mar;41(3):687-700.
    PMID: 36129019 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X221123489
    Despite the government's policies and objectives, Malaysia lags behind in sustainable waste management techniques, particularly recycling. Bins should be located conveniently to encourage recycling and reduce waste. The current model of bin location-allocation is mostly determined by distance. However, it has been identified that previous studies excluded an important factor: litter pattern identification. Litter pattern is important to identify waste generation hotspots and litter distribution. Thus, we proposed the within cluster pattern identification (WCPI) approach to optimize the recycle point distribution. WCPI gathers the information on litter distribution using geotagged images and analyses the pattern distribution. The optimal location for recycle bin can be identified by incorporating k-means clustering to the pattern distribution. Since k-means faces the non-deterministic polynomial-time-hard challenge of selecting the ideal cluster and cluster centre, WCPI used the total within-cluster sum of square on top of k-means clustering. The proposed location by WCPI is validated in terms of accessibility and suitability. Furthermore, this study provides further analysis of carbon footprint that can be reduced by simulating the data from geotagged images. The results show that 10,323.55 kg of carbon emission can be reduced if the litter is sent for recycling. Thus, we believe that locating bins at an optimal location will embark on consumer motivation to dispose of recycled waste, reduce litter and lessen the carbon footprint. At the same time, these efforts could transform Malaysia into a clean and sustainable nation that aims to achieve Agenda 2030.
    Matched MeSH terms: Recycling/methods
  7. Application of Box-Behnken design to mineralization and color removal of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation process
    Rakhmania, Kamyab H, Yuzir MA, Al-Qaim FF, Purba LDA, Riyadi FA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jun;30(28):71741-71753.
    PMID: 34480301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16197-z
    In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) was treated using electrocoagulation, whereby the influencing factors including voltage, electrolysis time, and electrolyte amount were optimized to achieve the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiencies. Graphite was selected as electrode material due to its performance better compared to aluminum and copper. Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out for optimization of the electrocoagulation operating parameters. The best model obtained using Box-Behnken design (BBD) were quadratic for COD removal (R2 = 0.9844), color reduction (R2 = 0.9412), and oil and grease removal (R2 = 0.9724). The result from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was obtained to determine the relationship between factors and treatment efficiencies. The experimental results under optimized conditions such as voltage 14, electrolysis time of 3 h, and electrolyte amount of 13.41 g/L show that the electrocoagulation process effectively reduced the COD (56%), color (65%), and oil and grease (99%) of the POME treatment. Graphical abstract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electrocoagulation/methods
  8. Physiological characteristics and performance of a world-record breaking tower runner
    Loh TC, Tee CCL, Pok C, Girard O, Brickley G, James C
    J Sports Sci, 2023 Mar;41(5):451-455.
    PMID: 37286473 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2221957
    This study reports the physiological and performance profiles of a world-class tower runner during a 6-week period surrounding a successful Guinness World Record (WR) attempt, and discusses the efficacy of a tower running specific field test. The world-ranked number 2 tower runner completed four exercise tests [laboratory treadmill assessment (3 weeks before the WR attempt), familiarisation to a specific incremental tower running field test (1 week before), tower running field test (1 week after), and tower running time trial (TT) (3 weeks after)] and the WR attempt within 6-week period. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during the laboratory test, field test, and TT were 73.3, 75.5 and 78.3 mL·kg-1·min-1, respectively. The VO2 corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold was 67.3 mL·kg-1·min-1 (89.1% of VO2peak), identified at stage 4 (tempo; 100 b·min-1), during the field test. The duration of the TT was 10 min 50 s, with an average VO2 of 71.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 (91.6% of VO2peak), HR of 171 b·min-1 (92% of peak HR), vertical speed of 0.47 m·s-1, and cadence was 117 steps·min-1. A world-class tower runner possesses a well-developed aerobic capacity. A specific, field-based test revealed greater VO2peak than a laboratory test, indicating a need for sport-specific testing procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exercise Test/methods
  9. Giardia lamblia Immunoassay: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    Aziz AFE, Roshidi N, Muhammad Hanif MDH, Tye GJ, Arifin N
    Clin Chim Acta, 2024 Jul 15;561:119839.
    PMID: 38964570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119839
    Immunoassays are important tools in diagnosing giardiasis, though there are several controversies inherent in the existing methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the pooled diagnostic accuracy of immunoassays in detecting the gastrointestinal disease-causing parasite Giardia lamblia. Our comprehensive search, which included PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 2000 up until 2023, resulted in 34 studies reporting the performance of 24 different immunoassays. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of immunoassays and subgroup analyses were determined. Notably, ImmunoCardSTAT® and RIDASCREEN® Giardia were the most used assays (n = 6 studies each). They exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 84 % and 99 % and 93 % and 99 %, respectively. Sub-group analysis on the type of immunoassays (without the case-control studies) showed that commercial ELISA had higher sensitivity (96 %) compared to a commercial immunochromatographic (88 %), which justifies the difference of sensitivity between ImmunoCardSTAT® and RIDASCREEN® Giardia. However, the applicability between these two in clinical settings, replacing the gold standard, should be considered including the time, equipment requirement, and budget. Samples from symptomatic patients showed higher sensitivity (92 %) compared to asymptomatic patients (79 %). Overall, immunoassays can be a practical replacement for the current gold standard, but more information should be gathered regarding the cost of providing more conclusive suggestions on these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoassay/methods
  10. Research advances in detection of food adulteration and application of MALDI-TOF MS: A review
    Song D, Dong K, Liu S, Fu S, Zhao F, Man C, et al.
    Food Chem, 2024 Oct 30;456:140070.
    PMID: 38917694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140070
    Food adulteration and illegal supplementations have always been one of the major problems in the world. The threat of food adulteration to the health of consumers cannot be ignored. Food of questionable origin causes economic losses to consumers, but the potential health risks cannot be ignored. However, the traditional detection methods are time-consuming and complex. This review mainly discusses the types of adulteration and technologies used to detect adulteration. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is also emphasized in the detection of adulteration and authenticity of origin analysis of various types of food (milk, meat, edible oil, etc.), and the future application direction and feasibility of this technology are analyzed. On this basis, MALDI-TOF MS was compared with other detection methods, highlighting the advantages of this technology in the detection of food adulteration. The future development prospect and direction of this technology are also emphasized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Food Analysis/methods
  11. Detection of microplastics in human tissues and organs: A scoping review
    Roslan NS, Lee YY, Ibrahim YS, Tuan Anuar S, Yusof KMKK, Lai LA, et al.
    J Glob Health, 2024 Aug 23;14:04179.
    PMID: 39175335 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04179
    BACKGROUND: Research on microplastics has largely focused on the environment and marine organisms until recently. A growing body of evidence has detected microplastics in human organs and tissues, with their exact entry routes being unclear and their potential health effects remain unknown. This scoping review aimed to characterise microplastics in human tissues and organs, examine their entry routes and addressing gaps in research analytical techniques.

    METHODS: Eligibility criteria included English language full text articles, in-vivo human studies only, and searching the databases using pre-defined terms. We based our analysis and reporting on the PRISMA guideline and examined the quality of evidence using the risk of bias assessment tool.

    RESULTS: Of 3616 articles screened, 223 evaluated and 26 were eventually included in this review. Nine were high risk for bias, three were unclear risk and the rest low risk for bias. Microplastics were detected in 8/12 human organ systems including cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, respiratory, reproductive and urinary. Microplastics were also observed in other human biological samples such as breastmilk, meconium, semen, stool, sputum and urine. Microplastics can be characterised based on shape, colours, and polymer type. Potential entry routes into human included atmospheric inhalation and ingestion through food and water. The extraction techniques for analysis of microplastics in human tissues vary significantly, each offering distinct advantages and limitations.

    CONCLUSIONS: Microplastics are commonly detected in human tissues and organs, with distinct characteristics and entry routes, and variable analytical techniques exist.

    Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Monitoring/methods
  12. Recent developments in sugarcane bagasse fibre-based adsorbent and their potential industrial applications: A review
    Mubarak AA, Ilyas RA, Nordin AH, Ngadi N, Alkbir MFM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Oct;277(Pt 1):134165.
    PMID: 39059537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134165
    In recent years, there has been an increase in research devoted to the advancement of cellulose and nanocellulose-based materials, which are advantageous due to their renewable nature, strength, rigidity, and environmental friendliness. This exploration complies with the fundamental tenets of environmental stewardship and sustainability. An area of industrial biotechnology where cellulosic agricultural residues have the potential to be economically utilized is through the conversion of such residues; sugarcane bagasse is currently leading this charge. SCB, a plentiful fibrous byproduct produced during the sugarcane industry's operations, has historically been utilized in various sectors, including producing paper, animal feed, enzymes, biofuel conversion, and biomedical applications. Significantly, SCB comprises a considerable amount of cellulose, approximately 40 % to 50 %, rendering it a valuable source of cellulose fibre for fabricating cellulose nanocrystals. This review sheds light on the significant advances in surface modification techniques, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological treatments, that enhance sugarcane bagasse fibres' adsorption capacity and selectivity. Furthermore, the paper investigates the specific advancements related to the augmentation of sugarcane bagasse fibres' efficacy in adsorbing a wide range of pollutants. These pollutants span a spectrum that includes heavy metals, dyes, organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants. The discussion provides a comprehensive overview of the targeted removal processes facilitated by applying modified fibres. The unique structural and chemical properties inherent in sugarcane bagasse fibres and their widespread availability position them as highly suitable adsorbents for various pollutants. This convergence of attributes underscores the potential of sugarcane bagasse fibres in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable solutions across multiple industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biotechnology/methods
  13. Fulltext Occipital spur: understanding a normal yet symptomatic variant from orthodontic diagnostic lateral cephalogram
    Varghese E, Samson RS, Kumbargere SN, Pothen M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 May 22;2017.
    PMID: 28536237 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220506
    Matched MeSH terms: Cephalometry/methods*; Radiography, Dental/methods*
  14. Computer aided diagnosis of diabetic foot using infrared thermography: A review
    Adam M, Ng EYK, Tan JH, Heng ML, Tong JWK, Acharya UR
    Comput Biol Med, 2017 12 01;91:326-336.
    PMID: 29121540 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.10.030
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires regular medical care to prevent severe complications. The elevated blood glucose level affects the eyes, blood vessels, nerves, heart, and kidneys after the onset. The affected blood vessels (usually due to atherosclerosis) may lead to insufficient blood circulation particularly in the lower extremities and nerve damage (neuropathy), which can result in serious foot complications. Hence, an early detection and treatment can prevent foot complications such as ulcerations and amputations. Clinicians often assess the diabetic foot for sensory deficits with clinical tools, and the resulting foot severity is often manually evaluated. The infrared thermography is a fast, nonintrusive and non-contact method which allows the visualization of foot plantar temperature distribution. Several studies have proposed infrared thermography-based computer aided diagnosis (CAD) methods for diabetic foot. Among them, the asymmetric temperature analysis method is more superior, as it is easy to implement, and yielded satisfactory results in most of the studies. In this paper, the diabetic foot, its pathophysiology, conventional assessments methods, infrared thermography and the different infrared thermography-based CAD analysis methods are reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods*; Thermography/methods*
  15. Fulltext A Novel Social Distancing Approach for Limiting the Number of Vehicles in Smart Buildings Using LiFi Hybrid-Network
    Murad SS, Yussof S, Badeel R, Hashim W
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Feb 15;20(4).
    PMID: 36834127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043438
    The coronavirus (COVID-19) has arisen as one of the most severe problems due to its ongoing mutations as well as the absence of a suitable cure for this virus. The virus primarily spreads and replicates itself throughout huge groups of individuals through daily touch, which regretfully can happen in several unanticipated way. As a result, the sole viable attempts to constrain the spread of this new virus are to preserve social distance, perform contact tracing, utilize suitable safety gear, and enforce quarantine measures. In order to control the virus's proliferation, scientists and officials are considering using several social distancing models to detect possible diseased individuals as well as extremely risky areas to sustain separation and lockdown procedures. However, models and systems in the existing studies heavily depend on the human factor only and reveal serious privacy vulnerabilities. In addition, no social distancing model/technique was found for monitoring, tracking, and scheduling vehicles for smart buildings as a social distancing approach so far. In this study, a new system design that performs real-time monitoring, tracking, and scheduling of vehicles for smart buildings is proposed for the first time named the social distancing approach for limiting the number of vehicles (SDA-LNV). The proposed model employs LiFi technology as a wireless transmission medium for the first time in the social distance (SD) approach. The proposed work is considered as Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. It might aid authorities in counting the volume of likely affected people. In addition, the proposed system design is expected to help reduce the infection rate inside buildings in areas where traditional social distancing techniques are not used or applicable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/methods; Quarantine/methods
  16. Endoscopic trans-septal interforniceal approach for excision of colloid cysts of the third ventricle using the rotational technique
    Saleem A, Najibullah M, Shabbir Z, Azab W
    Childs Nerv Syst, 2023 Dec;39(12):3373-3379.
    PMID: 37173435 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05990-5
    Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are benign intracranial lesions that account for 0.5 to 2% of all brain tumors and are even rarer in pediatric population. Dandy was the first to successfully excise a colloid cyst of the third ventricle via a transcortical transventricular approach in 1921. For several decades to follow, the transcortical transventricular and transcallosal microsurgical approaches remained the cornerstone of surgical management of these lesions. With time and refinements in endoscopic equipment and techniques, endoscopic resection of colloid cysts evolved into a currently well-established and appealing minimally invasive alternative to microsurgery. Endoscopic endochannel techniques for colloid cysts of the third ventricle may either be transforaminal or trans-septal interforniceal, depending on the pathoanatomical features of the colloid cyst and its relation to the juxtaposed anatomical structures. The endoscopic trans-septal interforniceal approach is required to access the rare subset of colloid cysts that extend superior to the roof of the third ventricle between the two fornices insinuating themselves between the leaflets of the septum pellucidum. In this article, the surgical technique of the endochannel endoscopic trans-septal interforniceal approach is elaborated upon. A representative case is presented along with an operative video.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endoscopy/methods; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods
  17. Fulltext Focused Review: Potential Rare and Atypical Symptoms as Indicator for Targeted COVID-19 Screening
    Ng SL, Ong YS, Khaw KY, Teh SP, Tan CS, Ming LC, et al.
    Medicina (Kaunas), 2021 Feb 23;57(2).
    PMID: 33672384 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020189
    The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 is a known consequence of infection of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected nations worldwide with soaring number of cases daily. Symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are commonly presented in COVID-19 patients. This focused review aims to discuss these uncommon and atypical COVID-19 symptoms that may be presented which might affect neurological, cardiovascular, cutaneous and ocular systems and their possible mode of actions. Nonetheless, there are some cases of reported uncommon or atypical symptoms which may warrant healthcare professionals to be aware of, especially when in contact with patients. The knowledge and information concerning these symptoms might be able to provide additional cues for healthcare professional by subjecting patients to COVID-19 screening. Meanwhile, it might be able to further enhance the alertness and additional precautions being taken by healthcare personnel, which eventually lead to reduced risk of infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods*; Symptom Assessment/methods*
  18. Cavitation technology - a greener processing technique for the generation of pharmaceutical nanoemulsions
    Sivakumar M, Tang SY, Tan KW
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2014 Nov;21(6):2069-83.
    PMID: 24755340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.03.025
    Novel nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have been proposed as alternative and effective approach for the delivery of various types of poorly water-soluble drugs in the last decade. This nanoformulation strategy significantly improves the cell uptake and bioavailability of numerous hydrophobic drugs by increasing their solubility and dissolution rate, maintaining drug concentration within the therapeutic range by controlling the drug release rate, and reducing systemic side effects by targeting to specific disease site, thus offering a better patient compliance. To date, cavitation technology has emerged to be an energy-efficient and promising technique to generate such nanoscale emulsions encapsulating a variety of highly potent pharmaceutical agents that are water-insoluble. The micro-turbulent implosions of cavitation bubbles tear-off primary giant oily emulsion droplets to nano-scale, spontaneously leading to the formation of highly uniform drug contained nanodroplets. A substantial body of recent literatures in the field of nanoemulsions suggests that cavitation is a facile, cost-reducing yet safer generation tool, remarkably highlighting its industrial commercial viability in the development of designing novel nanocarriers or enhancing the properties of existing pharmaceutical products. In this review, the fundamentals of nanoemulsion and the principles involved in their formation are presented. The underlying mechanisms in the generation of pharmaceutical nanoemulsion under acoustic field as well as the advantages of using cavitation compared to the conventional techniques are also highlighted. This review focuses on recent nanoemulsion-based DDS development and how cavitation through ultrasound and hydrodynamic means is useful to generate the pharmaceutical grade nanoemulsions including the complex double or submicron multiple emulsions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*; Ultrasonics/methods*; Drug Delivery Systems/methods*; Nanotechnology/methods*; Green Chemistry Technology/methods*
  19. Fulltext The effect of contact angles and capillary dimensions on the burst frequency of super hydrophilic and hydrophilic centrifugal microfluidic platforms, a CFD study
    Kazemzadeh A, Ganesan P, Ibrahim F, He S, Madou MJ
    PLoS One, 2013;8(9):e73002.
    PMID: 24069169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073002
    This paper employs the volume of fluid (VOF) method to numerically investigate the effect of the width, height, and contact angles on burst frequencies of super hydrophilic and hydrophilic capillary valves in centrifugal microfluidic systems. Existing experimental results in the literature have been used to validate the implementation of the numerical method. The performance of capillary valves in the rectangular and the circular microfluidic structures on super hydrophilic centrifugal microfluidic platforms is studied. The numerical results are also compared with the existing theoretical models and the differences are discussed. Our experimental and computed results show a minimum burst frequency occurring at square capillaries and this result is useful for designing and developing more sophisticated networks of capillary valves. It also predicts that in super hydrophilic microfluidics, the fluid leaks consistently from the capillary valve at low pressures which can disrupt the biomedical procedures in centrifugal microfluidic platforms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microfluidics/methods*; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods
  20. The concept and implementation of "distributed learning"--our early experience
    Loh LC, Lai NM, Nalliah S, Jutti RC
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2007 Oct;36(10):867-70.
    PMID: 17987241
    Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical/methods*; Teaching/methods*
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