PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the survival of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin nanoceramics and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations on endodontically treated teeth and to describe the incidence of complications.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database and adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search across 6 online databases was performed. Clinical studies which involved CAD-CAM manufactured resin nanoceramics and polymer interpenetrating ceramic network material restorations on endodontically treated teeth were included. Several investigators independently conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment processes. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Failure rates were analyzed using Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 3- and 5-year survival proportions, which were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed for material type and restoration design (α=.05).
RESULTS: The search resulted in 250 studies after duplicate removal, and 11 articles were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis of 289 restorations revealed an overall estimated failure rate of 3.44 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.67-4.21) per 100 restoration years, equivalent to a survival rate of 90.2% (95% CI: 88.1-92.3%) after 3 years and 84.2% (95% CI: 81.0-87.5%) after 5 years. A significantly lower (P
MAIN BODY: A total of 48 studies were included, revealing 30 loci that were confirmed to be associated with skin ageing by multiple studies (e.g., AFG3L1P: odds ratio 1.133 95% confidence interval [1.044, 1.222]; BPIFA3: 1.859 [1.567, 2.151]; CLPTML1: 1.164 [1.0.99, 1.229]; CPNE7: 0.905 [0.852-0.958]; DEF8: 1.186 [1.042, 1.331]; IRF4: 1.260 [1.025, 1.495]; MYO16: 2.303 [1.697, 2.908]; PRDM16: 1.105 [1.084, 1.127]; RORA: 1.391 [1.206, 1.577]; SPG7: 0.922 [0.897, 0.947]; SPON1: 2.214 [1.204, 3.225]; SPTLC1: 1.464 [1.432, 1.495]; TYR: 1.175 [1.007, 1.343]). The lack of significance for many loci may be due to studies analysing different SNPs within the same locus, weakening the overall associations. Several loci were associated with specific phenotypic categories (e.g., skin colour related, skin cancer related, wrinkling and sagging related), suggesting shared biological pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of different skin ageing phenotypes. This pattern was also observed in several of the loci that do not have a significant overall association with skin ageing.
CONCLUSION: Despite significant heterogeneity among the included studies and the use of subjective visual methods for phenotype assessment, our review highlights the critical role of fundamental biological processes, such as development and cellular organisation, in skin ageing. Future research that targets the same SNP across multiple populations could strengthen the association of additional loci with skin ageing. Further investigation into these underlying biological processes would significantly advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of skin ageing phenotypes.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we performed a broad assessment of forty-one signs of skin ageing and characterised the phenotypes that constituted key components of skin ageing. We also explored the interrelationship among forty-one skin ageing phenotypes using Spearman's Correlation and Principal Component Analysis.
RESULTS: We analysed our study population, which is composed of 3281 ethnic Chinese participants from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES). The first ten principal components cumulatively explain 46.88% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We discovered that the commonly discussed forms of skin ageing (i.e., wrinkles, pigmentation, and photo-ageing) only accounted for a small portion (24.39%) of the variance of all skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. Telangiectasia, a poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides (freckles), ptosis of eyelids (droopy eyelids), eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning were other key components of skin ageing, accounting for a further 22.49% of the variance of skin ageing phenotypes in our study population. We found that each of these ten skin ageing phenotypes characterises a key and important aspect of skin ageing. In this broad assessment of skin ageing, we first described the prevalence of forty-one signs of skin ageing and then characterised in detail both the prevalence and severity distribution of ten key skin ageing phenotypes.
CONCLUSIONS: We presented clear evidence that skin ageing is much more than just wrinkles, pigmentation and photo-ageing. The addition of telangiectasia, poor lip fullness, a lighter skin colour, xerosis, ephelides, ptosis of eyelids, eyebags, and a low eyebrow positioning added more dimensions to skin ageing phenotype presentations.
METHODS: The mathematical model for the adjusted LSB LIV tilt angle (α) measured preoperatively, was expressed as the sum of preoperative LSB LIV tilt angle (x) and LIV displacement angle (y) (α = x + y). This model was validated through inter-rater and intra-rater analysis in Part I of the study. The α angle derived was applied to estimate the intraoperative LIV tilt angle. In part II of the study, clinical and radiological outcomes of 50 Lenke type 1 and 2 (non-AR curves) AIS patients operated using the α angle were reviewed. The difference between the intraoperative LIV tilt angle achieved (β) and the preoperative α angle was determined (∆LIV tilt angle = β-α).
RESULTS: The α angle had excellent inter-rater and intra-rater intraclass correlation coefficients (0.982; 0.907). 42 patients had positive ∆LIV tilt angles whereas 8 patients had negative ∆LIV tilt angles. The overall incidence of distal adding-on (AO) was 10.0% (n = 5/50). Patients with negative ∆LIV tilt angles had a higher incidence of distal AO (n = 4/8, 50.0%) than patients with positive ∆LIV tilt angles (n = 1/42, 2.4%) (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Achieving an intraoperative LIV tilt angle (β) greater than or equal to the preoperative α angle derived (β ≥ α) may help avoid the distal AO phenomenon.
METHODS: Twenty children including 10 with ASD and 10 normally developing children aged 6-12 years were recruited for this study. One accessible ear was exposed to transient-evoked OAE, whereas the other was exposed to suppressor tones. Contralateral suppressors included white noise, Quranic recitations, environmental noise, and natural sound. The magnitude of OAE suppression was determined from the difference between the OAE amplitude with and without the masker (in dB sound pressure levels) for all sound types. The sound with the highest suppression effect was determined using effect size calculation and repeated-measures analysis of variance at a 95% confidence level. A high suppression effect may suggest a high sensory gating performance, whereas low suppression may indicate low sensory gating performance.
RESULTS: Based on the analysis, the sound with the highest suppression effect was that of the waterfall. The suppression results were supported by descriptive analysis findings and effect-size calculations.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a better understanding of the alternative sound stimuli, besides the standard white noise tone, for the assessment of sensory gating deficits among children with ASD. Sounds with a high suppression effect have the potential to be used as sound therapy interventions for children with ASD as part of rehabilitation and therapy.
METHODS: We searched CINAHL, Medline, Global Health, Embase, and WHO COVID-19 in October 2023 for studies reporting the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence during the Omicron period. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the incidence, and requirement of hospitalisation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Symptomatic severity of reinfections and case fatality rates were analysed narratively.
RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were included. The reinfection cumulative incidence during the Omicron period was 3.35% (95% CI = 1.95-5.72%) based on data from 28 studies. The cumulative incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults (6.62% (95% CI = 3.22-13.12%)) compared to other age groups and in health care workers (9.88% (95% CI = 5.18-18.03%)) compared to the general population (2.48% (95% CI = 1.34-4.54%)). We estimated about 1.81% (95% CI = 0.18-15.87%) of the reinfected cases required hospitalisation based on limited and highly variable data.
CONCLUSIONS: There was an increased risk of reinfections during the Omicron period compared to the pre-Omicron period. The incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults and health care workers and generally less severe during the Omicron period. However, data were limited on disease severity and long-term outcomes.
REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42023482598.
OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to gather information from herbal medicine anti-obesity randomised controlled trials (RCTs), analyse the methodologies and assess their alignment with international guidelines.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This review included RCTs of participants of all ages with obesity utilising herbal medicine with any comparators and focusing on various outcome measures.Sources of evidence: Only published journal articles were included.
CHARTING METHODS: Articles were extracted from MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE using predetermined keywords. Relevant data, such as the study characteristics, types of herbal interventions and controls, treatment durations, outcome measures and safety monitoring methods were recorded in a table format for comparative analysis.
RESULTS: We included 99 RCTs that showed participant sample sizes ranging from 8 to 182, ages 18 to 80 years and body mass indexes (BMIs) between 25 and 49.9 kg/m2. Herbal interventions used single herbs (n = 57) and mixtures (n = 42), given for 14 days to 56 weeks. Studies implementing diet modifications include restricted calorie diets (n = 35), food-portion controlled diets (n = 7) and fixed calorie diets (n = 7). Of the 28 studies implementing exercise, most were of moderate intensity (n = 22). All studies collected BMI and weight as primary outcomes. Body fat composition was measured in over 50% of studies using a body analyser (n = 57). Waist, hip and abdominal circumferences were infrequently measured. Radiological tools used include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 16), computed tomography scans (n = 10) and ultrasound (n = 2). Safety monitoring methods were reported in most studies (n = 76).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, almost 50% of the studies adhered to international pharmaceutical clinical trial guidelines, addressing dietary, lifestyle, physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors. Nonetheless, more herbal anti-obesity studies need to consider the assessment of weight maintenance.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thromboembolic (TE) events and associated mortality among COVID-19 patients admitted within a single centre intensive care unit (ICU). The proportions of patients with TE events who died, and factors associated with TE events were explored.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 virus and who received thromboprophylaxis within February 2020-2021 were included. TE event is a combination of venous [(deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE)] and arterial (myocardial infarction (MI), stroke) thromboembolism.
RESULTS: Mean (SD) age 56.6 (13.7), 63.5% were male, 61.6% Malays, median (IQR) 7 (3-14) days of ICU stay, 64.2%, 53.2% and 20.9% had underlying hypertension, diabetes and obesity respectively. In total, 240 (44.9%) developed TE event. Significantly higher proportions of COVID-19 patients who developed complications of DVT (2.5% vs. 0.2%; p = 0.013), PE (47.5% vs 34.0%; p = 0.006), stroke (12.3% vs. 1.5; p<0.001) and MI (16.4% vs. 4.6%; p<0.001) died. Predictors of TE events were age [HR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.02)], obesity [HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.51-2.6)], D-dimer [HR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.01)], and duration of ICU stay [HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99)].
CONCLUSION: In severely ill COVID-19 patients, TE complications were common, and patients with DVT, PE, stroke, or MI faced increased mortality, even with thromboprophylaxis. Age, obesity, elevated D-Dimer levels, and longer ICU stays were significant predictors of TE events. Considering these findings, a more aggressive approach, combining thromboprophylaxis with enhanced anti-inflammatory treatments, may be necessary for high-risk COVID-19 ICU patients to reduce TE events and mortality.
METHODS: This analysis utilized data from the GBD study to assess age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (ASDR), and mortality rates (ASMR) for COPD across Indian states. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends, while ARIMA models predicted future incidence rates.
RESULTS: In 2021, the highest ASIR was observed in Rajasthan at 306.28, and the highest ASMR was observed in Uttarakhand at 227.19. Projections suggest that the ASIR for COPD in India will decrease from 265.16 in 2022 to 258.19 by 2031. The heatmap analysis identified states like Uttarakhand and Rajasthan as having the highest DALYs attributable to COPD risk factors, including air pollution and tobacco use.
CONCLUSION: COPD remains a public health challenge in India, with regional variability. Targeted interventions addressing air pollution, smoking cessation, and improved healthcare access are essential to mitigate the disease's future burden, particularly in high-risk regions.
BACKGROUND: Caffeine is related to the incidence of neuro immune gastrointestinal diseases. Coffee consumption needs to be optimized in order to reduce the incidence rate.
PURPOSE: By using KEEG analysis to explore potential molecular signaling pathways involved in the progression of neurological immune gastrointestinal diseases, and analyzing the details of this signaling Pathway using molecular simulation results, which can support AI system for doctor.
METHODS: The research team designed a controlled experiment to analyze the differences in reward and reinforcement of Brain pleasure/addiction and dopamine related signaling pathways function between multiple groups of people with different coffee drinking habits and a blank control group. The study team used molecular dynamics methods to investigate the signaling route that links coffee with the binding of dopamine receptor D3.AI is used to predict the prevalence of gastric reflux disease.
RESULTS: Human experiments have shown a correlation between caffeine intake and gastroesophageal reflux disease. AI algorithm results can provide clinical support, and molecular simulation results are consistent with human experimental results. Caffeine and DRD3 protein have a stable interaction system.
CONCLUSION: The research team elucidated the intermolecular interaction between caffeine and DRD3, and AI algorithms can predict the likelihood of disease occurrence, providing a new strategy for clinical practice. This study has passed ethical approval at Chifeng Cancer Hospital, and the ethical documents for this study have been submitted to the World Health Organization for filing.
AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of rVIII-SingleChain in previously untreated patients (PUPs).
METHODS: In an open-label, phase 3, extension study, PUPs with severe haemophilia A (FVIII <1%) received rVIII-SingleChain prophylactically or on-demand. The primary endpoints were incidence of high-titre (HT) inhibitor formation to FVIII, treatment success for major bleeding episodes and annualised spontaneous bleeding rate (AsBR).
RESULTS: Twenty-four PUPs (median age 1 year [range 0-5]) were treated with rVIII-SingleChain; median time on study was 35.0 months (range 2.4-54.0). Overall, six PUPs developed a HT inhibitor (>5 BU/mL) and six developed a low-titre (LT) inhibitor (≤5 BU/mL). The median number of exposure days at inhibitor development was 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-14.0). Of 11 inhibitor-positive PUPs (five HT, six LT) who continued rVIII-SingleChain therapy, nine (81.8%; three HT, six LT) achieved inhibitor eradication (<0.6 BU/mL). Median time to eradication was 14.3 weeks (IQR 9.8-53.8). Seventeen treatment-emergent adverse events in 12 PUPs (50.0%) were related to rVIII-SingleChain, mainly inhibitor development (14/17 events). Treatment was successful (haemostatic efficacy rated excellent or good) for 290/315 bleeding events (92.1%). During prophylactic therapy, inhibitor-negative PUPs had a median (IQR) AsBR of 0.52 (0.00-4.99) and annualised bleeding rate of 1.98 (0.77-11.23).
CONCLUSION: RVIII-SingleChain demonstrated a satisfactory benefit:risk profile in PUPs, with a high treatment success rate and a low AsBR during prophylaxis, and was effective at eradicating inhibitors.
INTRODUCTION: Despite the expansion of the chiropractic profession and its recognition by entities such as the World Health Organization, a gap exists in comprehending the international landscape of chiropractic education. No prior studies have systematically mapped the volume and nature of chiropractic education research and scholarly publications. A scoping review of chiropractic education research and scholarly publications is needed to guide future policy development, research agendas, and educational initiatives within the chiropractic profession.
INCLUSION CRITERIA: Publications in the indexed literature on chiropractic students, graduates, academics, and programs in any chiropractic education setting were included. Studies focused on chiropractic programs and education for chiropractic students or chiropractors worldwide. All research designs, literature reviews, descriptive studies, and commentaries were included.
METHODS: This scoping review was conducted according to JBI methodology for scoping reviews and was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The databases PubMed (NLM), Scopus, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, Index to Chiropractic Literature, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, and Educational Resources Information Center were searched from their inception to November 5 and 6, 2023, with no language limits. Data were extracted for primary topics, study designs, and regions of the included documents and entered in Covidence by paired independent reviewers. The findings were organized into figures and tables with a narrative description.
RESULTS: The search identified 7494 documents. After deduplication, 5041 were screened for relevance, of which 667 were selected for full-text review. From these, 598 were selected for data extraction. The chiropractic education topics included values/ethical competence (n=3), personal/behavioral competence (n=34), knowledge and cognitive competence (n=49), functional and clinical competence (n=93), and program-relevant research (n=419). Most designs were quantitative (n=391), followed by descriptive reports (n=91), qualitative (n=43), mixed methods (n=40), commentaries (n=22), and literature reviews (n=11). Chiropractic education was most studied in the United States (n=359), Australia (n=116), and Canada (n=106).
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review reports the volume and nature of indexed publications relating to chiropractic learners and programs worldwide. This body of literature contains learner competencies in knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as studies about chiropractic programs. The increasing number of publications and proportion of study designs over time show that chiropractic scholars and programs are engaged in collecting, analyzing, and distributing data relevant to education and training. The map of professional competencies in the chiropractic education literature shows that the profession possesses the fundamental traits needed to contribute to the global health care workforce.
REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/9b3ap.