OBJECTIVE: The first objective is to identify the PA levels and screen time of students in middle school. The second objective of the study is to examine the PA levels and screen time among students of different genders.
METHODS: Participants from four consecutive two-year cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018) were included in this study. Spearman correlation model was used to identify the correlation between participants' demographics, PA, and screen time data. Negative binomial regression model was used to describe students' PA and screen time (Dependent variable) in different grades (Independent variables). Gender and Age were taken as control variables.
RESULTS: After the data preprocessing, 2516 participants were included in this study. A significant correlation has been found between grade and PA, instead of screen time. Negative binomial regression shows that students have the lowest PA in their transition year grade 6, and their screen time decreased with the grade increased. Significant differences can be found across gender. Future efforts should focus on developing school transition support programs designed to improve PA.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to persons with leadership roles related to blood banking and transfusion medicine in their countries/areas/centers, to document the implementation of modern technologies for platelet manufacturing, preservation, and transfusion risk reduction.
RESULTS: Responses to the questionnaire finally came from 52 contributors in 40 countries/areas. Adult platelet doses ranged between 2.0×1011 and 4.0×1011 (median 2.5×1011). In approximately 10 % of centers, apheresis platelets comprised more than 90 % of the platelet inventory. More than 70 % of centers adopted universal or near universal leukocyte-reduction by filtration, apheresis, or both. Almost 20 % of centers irradiated all platelet products. Cold-stored platelets were rarely reported; only 3 centers produce such components for 1 % to 5 % of their supply. The use of platelet additive solution was reported by 18 responders (45 %), mainly in Europe, USA, and Australasia. Bacterial detection systems were reported by 18 responders from around the globe. One fatality was reported after transfusion of a platelet product contaminated with Bacillus cereus, whereas no sequelae were observed after transfusion of >350 platelet products contaminated by Cutibacteriae. Pathogen-reduction/pathogen-inactivation technology has been adopted in 15 centers, with little or no extended expiration period. Export of platelets across national borders was extremely rare.
CONCLUSION: With this addition to the literature on platelet transfusion, considerable heterogeneity in collection, processing, and transfusion can be seen across the globe, through which readers may adopt, and adapt, best practices for their unique local circumstances.
PURPOSE: This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the protective effect of PAE on the DC and the interaction between DC pathogenesis.
METHODS: Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to identify PARP1 as a core target for PAE in DC. Animal experiments involved intervening DC mice with PAE and assessing cardiac function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In vitro, high glucose-induced H9c2 cells were used to validate PAE's effects on cell viability and protein expression.
RESULTS: The results showed that PAE improved the general condition of DC mice, reduced cardiac injury and cardiac insufficiency, decreased myocardial mitochondrial damage, and reduced apoptosis. In addition, PAE upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, downregulated Bax protein expression, inhibited Caspase-3 activity, and inhibited the expression of PARP1, TRPM2, CaN, and CaMKII proteins in DC mice and high glucose-induced H9c2 cells.
CONCLUSION: Mechanically, this study clarified that PAE's inhibition of the PARP1-TRPM2-CaMKII/CaN pathway reduces calcium-activated mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This discovery provides an innovative therapeutic strategy for DC and an experimental foundation for PAE's drug development, with significant practical implications.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two normal and four obese groups. Obese prediabetes was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and sucrose water (HFSD) for 10 weeks; normal rats were given a standard diet and plain water. For the next 6 weeks, rats were grouped into the normal group (NR), which continued on the standard diet; the normal group was switched to TRF with the standard diet (NR + TRFSD); the prediabetes group (OR) was continued on HFSD; the prediabetes group was switched to TRF of HFSD (OR + TRFHFSD); the prediabetes group was switched to TRF of the standard diet (OR + TRFSD); and the prediabetes group was switched to the standard diet (OR + SD). Rats were then sacrificed, and aortic tissues were isolated and quantified for oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, and inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 1. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, Lee's index, serum insulin level, and resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) were also measured.
RESULTS: Mean FBG and body weight in obese groups were higher compared to the normal groups after 10 weeks of HFDSD. Both obese-prediabetes groups that underwent TRF had reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1, body weight, Lee's index, FBG, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, obese prediabetes on TRF with SD also reduced levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), insulin levels and increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase).
CONCLUSION: TRF reduced weight, improved glycaemic indices, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation in obese-prediabetic rats.
METHODS: In this study we used the docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy approaches to identify the potent inhibitor of NLRP3 by screening the African phytocompounds and traditional Chinese medicine databases.
RESULTS: Our virtual drug screening analysis identified two lead compounds from each database, characterized by high docking scores such as SA-21676268 (-8.135 kcal/mol), SA-167673 (-10.251 kcal/mol), EA-45360194 (-10.376 kcal/mol), EA-46881231 (-10.011 kcal/mol), NEA-44258150 (-9.856 kcal/mol), NEA-135926572 (-7.662 kcal/mol), NA-163089376 (-9.237 kcal/mol), NA-440735 (-8.826 kcal/mol), TCM-392442 (-10.438 kcal/mol), and TCM-10043097 (-9.046 kcal/mol) which highlighted the strong binding affinity as compared to the control NP3-146 drug (-5.09 kcal/mol). Moreover, the values of dissociation constant further validated the strong binding affinity between the identified lead compounds and NLRP3. The dynamic stability and strong bonding energies of the lead compounds-NLRP3 complexes were confirmed by the molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation. The analysis of ADMET properties for all compounds indicated high intestinal absorption, water solubility, absence of hepatotoxicity, and skin sensitivity.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our molecular simulations and binding free energy calculations confirmed the strong affinity of these lead compounds for NLRP3 as compared to the control drug, highlighting their potential as part of a combinatorial therapeutic strategy for HS to effectively reduce disease-related inflammation.
METHODS: By using cross-sectional pooled data of community dwellers aged 20 years or older in eight cohorts from Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia, normative values for muscle health metrics (calf circumference (cm), relative appendicular skeletal muscle (RASM) (kilogram per square metre), body mass index (BMI)-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kilogram/(kilogram per square metre)), handgrip strength (kilogram), five-time chair stand (seconds) and gait speed (metre per second)) in men and women, categorized by age groups, are calculated. The mean values, along with the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of these muscle health metrics, are also delineated for both sexes.
RESULTS: Among 34 265 (16 164 men, 18 101 women) participants from eight cohorts, calf circumference declined in age groups from 60 years onward. RASM values declined from the 50s in men but were stable in women until the 80s. ASM/BMI values showed declines in older age groups for both sexes. Handgrip strength declined similarly from 40 years of age in both sexes. Five-time chair stand performance declined from the 30s. Gait speed peaked at 1.6 m/s in men in their 50s and then declined, while it declined in women in their 60s. The inflection points for decline differed by metric and sex. The 20th percentile cutoffs for individuals aged 65-69 years were as follows: calf circumference, 33.0 cm (men) and 31.5 cm (women); RASM, 7.0 kg/m2 (men) and 5.5 kg/m2 (women); ASM/BMI, 0.78 kg/(kg/m2) (men) and 0.56 kg/(kg/m2) (women); handgrip strength, 30.4 kg (men) and 18.1 kg (women); five-time chair stand, 9.4 s (men) and 10.0 s (women); and gait speed, 0.9 m/s (both). Those in the fifth percentile of all muscle health metrics faced earlier declines than their 95th percentile counterparts did, highlighting the critical roles in identifying these high-risk groups.
CONCLUSION: The pooled analysis of eight Asian cohorts clearly outlined the age-related changes in various muscle health metrics, with the inflection point of accelerated decline showing age- and sex-specific characteristics. Defining trajectories of muscle health metrics across life stages facilitates timely interventions to mitigate age-related risks and promote healthy longevity.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a nationwide online survey was conducted from June to November 2022 among Malaysian doctors. The survey assessed doctors' knowledge (K), practice (P), and facilitating factors (F) for EBM (collectively referred to as KPF) using the preexisting validated Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire (EBMQ). Higher scores indicated better knowledge, practice, and facilitating factors for EBM implementation. The KPF percentage scores were categorised into high (> 80%), moderate (60-79%), and low (
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from database establishment to 5 February 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the R software and Stata 18.0. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the competitive level of the athletes.
RESULTS: Eighty RCTs were included, with 1,425 soccer players randomly receiving 31 different dietary supplements or placebo. The network meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, carbohydrate + protein (SMD: 2.2, very large), carbohydrate + electrolyte (SMD: 1.3, large), bovine colostrum (SMD: moderate) and caffeine (SMD: 0.29, small) were associated with a significant effect on increasing the distance covered. Kaempferia parviflora (SMD: 0.46, small) was associated with a significant effect on enhancing muscular strength. Beta-alanine (SMD: 0.83, moderate), melatonin (SMD: 0.75, moderate), caffeine (SMD: 0.37, small), and creatine (SMD: 0.33, small) were associated with a significant effect on enhancing jump height. Magnesium creatine chelate (SMD: -3.0, very large), melatonin (SMD: -1.9, large), creatine + sodium bicarbonate (SMD: -1.4, large), and arginine (SMD: -1.2, moderate) were associated with a significant effect on decreasing sprint time. Creatine + sodium bicarbonate (SMD: -2.3, very large) and caffeine (SMD: -0.38, small) were associated with a significant effect on improving agility. Sodium pyruvate (SMD: 0.50, small) was associated with a significant effect on increasing peak power. Magnesium creatine chelate (SMD: 1.3, large) and sodium pyruvate (SMD: 0.56, small) were associated with a significant effect on increasing mean power. Carbohydrate + electrolyte (SMD: -0.56, small) was associated with a significant effect on improving the rating of perceived exertion.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a range of dietary supplements, including caffeine, creatine, creatine + sodium bicarbonate, magnesium creatine chelate, carbohydrate + electrolyte, carbohydrate + protein, arginine, beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, Kaempferia parviflora, melatonin, and sodium pyruvate, can improve athletic performance in soccer players. This review provides evidence-based guidance for soccer coaches and nutritionists on using dietary supplements to enhance specific performance measures.