OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to (i) summarize the use of LP in diet optimization to improve nutrient adequacy, (ii) evaluate nutrient requirements by using modelling techniques when the use of local foods is optimized, and (iii) identify and compare the problem nutrient(s).
METHODS: This scoping review was performed by searching PubMed and Wiley databases from 2012 to 2025, and also screened the reference lists of included publications to identify potentially eligible articles. Forward and backward citation searches were also performed to supplement the structured searches in the databases.
RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included after a systematic literature search. The objective functions and the final set of FBRs of the included studies were summarized. Moreover, the nutrient intakes in the optimized diets and the problem nutrients of the included studies were compared and discussed. When optimizing diets using the LP approach, most of the nutrient requirements can be achieved, except for iron and zinc and, in some studies, thiamine, niacin, folate, and calcium. Iron was identified as the problem nutrient in all studies involving infants aged 6 to 11 months old, followed by calcium and zinc. In children aged 12 to 23 months, iron and calcium were identified as the problem nutrients in almost all studies, followed by zinc and folate. In children aged 1 to 3 years, fat, calcium, iron, and zinc were recognized as the absolute problem nutrients, while fat, calcium, and zinc were the absolute problem nutrients for children aged 4 to 5 years. Findings on dietary inadequacy of nutrient intakes were remarkably consistent across studies conducted in different geographic and socioeconomic settings.
CONCLUSIONS: Modeled diets involving local foods are inadequate to meet the requirements for certain micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc. Cost-effective strategies are required to improve the dietary adequacy of young children.
METHOD: In this mixed methods study, we surveyed current approaches to genetic testing by Australian clinicians involved in the diagnosis of CP. Using an international expert panel we explored 78 variables, to determine which variables were thought to be supportive of monogenic CP. We tested the 78 variables in a retrospective cohort of 100 children with CP, of whom 21 had a genetic cause of CP.
RESULTS: Forty-five clinicians replied to the survey of current practice, 91% agreed that genetic testing has a role in CP, although 47% thought that there was inadequate guidance on which patients to test. The expert panel reached 75% agreement for 30 out of 78 variables for genetic CP, and 14 out of 78 variables against a genetic cause of CP. Retrospective testing in 100 children with CP revealed dysmorphic features (odds ratio [OR] = 7.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88-29.85) and intellectual disability (OR = 4.86; 95% CI 1.29-18.30) were more common in those with genetic CP, and MRI being compatible with the clinical picture was the feature least common in genetic CP (OR = 0.14; 95% CI 0.05-0.41).
INTERPRETATION: Genetic testing has a role in determining CP aetiology; however, there is no consensus on who should be tested. We used mixed methodology and found that dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, and 'MRI not compatible with the clinical picture' are most supportive of a genetic cause of CP.
RESULTS: In this study, soybean oil-based oleogels prepared from four different types of waxes (i.e., beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, and rice bran wax) were developed to evaluate their deep-frying performance of carbohydrate-based food (potato chips) for 20 frying cycles. Results showed that all oleogels retarded the oxidative compounds' (hydroperoxides, aldehydes, ketones) formation during deep-frying. Further, beeswax oleogel (BWO) showed superior stability (free fatty acid = 0.176%) towards hydrolysis compared to the other oleogels (free fatty acid = 0.344-0.427%). Similarly, the potato chips fried with BWO had the lowest total oxidation (TOTOX) value (252.15). The result revealed that the excellent frying stability of BWO could be attributed to its exceptional oil binding capacity and stronger gel network formation that reduces the entrainment of moisture during the cooling phase of intermittent frying.
CONCLUSION: In short, BWO showed potential to be used as an alternative deep-frying medium with excellent oxidative stability, opening an alternative to the development of a zero trans-fat high stability frying medium. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
OUTCOME MEASURE: Concave/convex side breast volume difference (BVD), computed tomographic external breast appearance parameters (extraversion angle (EA), coverage angle (CA), axial breast height (ABH), nipple-to-sternum distance (NSD), thoracic rib cage parameter (inclination angle (IA)), and Breast Satisfaction and Psychosocial Well Being domains of Breast-Q Q™ questionnaires.
METHODS: This was a prospective study of 50 IS patients recruited between June 2017 and December 2018 who had pre-operative CT scans available for review. Pre-operative radiological parameters as stated above were evaluated. Breast volume difference (BVD) was calculated using the formula: 100 * {(CC BV - CV BV)/[(CC BV + CV BV)/2]}. Breast-Q™ questionnaires were administered pre-operative and post-operatively. The percentage of patients who achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was reported.
RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (66%) had significant BVD with the concave side larger in 52.0% of patients. BVD had significant correlation with ABH, NSD, CA, and EA. There was no significant correlation between pre-operative Cobb angle with BVD and IA. There was also no significant correlation between Tanner stage and the radiological parameters. Breast satisfaction and psychosocial well-being domains improved after surgery and the satisfaction with breast domain minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was achieved in 83.7% of patients, while the psychosocial well-being domain reached the MCID in 75.5% of patients (p