Browse publications by year: 2025

  1. Kalam N, Ali R, Balasubramaniam VR
    Comput Biol Med, 2025 Mar 06;189:109989.
    PMID: 40056839 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109989
    The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a significant global health threat, particularly in tropical regions, and no FDA-approved antiviral treatments are currently available. This study investigates the potential of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) that have been developed for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in treating CHIKV. We analyzed the binding of eight HCV DAAs to the nsP2 protease of CHIKV, which is essential for viral replication. Our findings suggest repurposing hepatitis C virus (HCV) antivirals, specifically Simeprevir (SIM) and voxilaprevir (VOX), could be effective against CHIKV. Through computational analyses, we observed their strong binding affinity to CHIKV's nsP2 protease, indicating the promising potential of repositioning these drugs for CHIKV treatment. To validate the results of our computational study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of SIM and VOX in vitro, both as monotherapies and in combination with ribavirin (RIBA). Our findings revealed that DAAs exert a multifaced effect by targeting different stages of the CHIKV life cycle. Furthermore, the synergistic effects suggest that combining SIM and VOX with RIBA may provide a more effective therapeutic strategy than using either drug alone. Further research is necessary to optimize treatment protocols and improve outcomes for patients affected by CHIKV.
  2. Trent S, Abdullah MH, Parwana K, Valdivieso MA, Hassan Z, Müller CP
    PMID: 40056965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111310
    Fear, whether innate or learned, is an essential emotion required for survival. The learning, and subsequent memory, of fearful events enhances our ability to recognise and respond to threats, aiding adaptation to new, ever-changing environments. Considerable research has leveraged associative learning protocols such as contextual or auditory forms of fear conditioning in rodents, to understand fear learning, memory consolidation and extinction phases of memory. Such assays have led to detailed characterisation of the underlying neurocircuitry and neurobiology supporting fear learning processes. Given fear processing is conserved across rodents and humans, fear conditioning experiments provide translational insights into fundamental memory processes and fear-related pathologies. This review examines associative learning protocols used to measure fear learning, memory and extinction, before providing an overview on the underlying complex neurocircuitry including the amygdala, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. This is followed by an in-depth commentary on the neurobiology, particularly synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which regulate fear learning, memory and extinction. Next, we consider how fear conditioning assays in rodents can inform our understanding of disrupted fear memory in human disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Lastly, we critically evaluate fear conditioning protocols, highlighting some of the experimental and theoretical limitations and the considerations required when conducting such assays, alongside recent methodological advancements in the field. Overall, rodent-based fear conditioning assays remain central to making progress in uncovering fundamental memory phenomena and understanding the aetiological mechanisms that underpin fear associated disorders, alongside the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
  3. Chan KK, Yong KJ, Ho YK, Wu TY, Ooi CW
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Mar 07;307(Pt 1):141697.
    PMID: 40057068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141697
    The effectiveness of one-pot saccharification process combining pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass for fermentable sugar production is highly influenced by the choice of solvent media. The potential of choline-based ILs coupling with different anionic species remains underexplored regarding their compatibility with cellulase. Herein, the effects of choline-based ILs formulated with amino acids as anionic species on cellulase from Trichoderma reesei were evaluated using both experimental and computational approaches. Experimental results showed that endoglucanase I (EG I) exhibited no deactivation in choline glycinate ([Cho][Gly]), while cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) was more compatible with choline phenylalaninate ([Cho][Phe]). The overall cellulase activity in [Cho][Gly] was more promising, with a 13.9 % increase in enzymatic activity. Computational findings revealed that the high flexibility of EG I's loop regions might contribute to its slightly enhanced activity in [Cho][Gly]. The slightly enhanced enzymatic performance of CBH I in [Cho][Phe] was attributed to the solvent environment rather than structural changes. Notably, the intrusion of the choline cation into the catalytic domain of EG I in [Cho][Phe] was captured, which likely caused the partial deactivation of the EG I in [Cho][Phe]. [Cho][Gly] holds considerable potential as a solvent for one-pot biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.
  4. Al-Tamimi H, Hamid AA, Nazir MYM, Hassan M, Ibrahim I
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Mar 06;307(Pt 1):141823.
    PMID: 40057082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141823
    Fungi are widespread organisms with complex multienzyme systems crucial for diverse biochemical processes. This study systematically reviewed research on multienzyme complexes, focusing on their isolation and identification, while examining their potential classification as metabolons. Using a theoretical framework based on PRISMA guidelines, the review analysed literature from 2013 to 2023 across databases such as Medline, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, employing targeted descriptors to identify relevant studies. The articles were selected by two independent reviewers among those published in English in the last 10 years. From 2313 papers identified through bibliographic searches, 13 were selected for qualitative analysis. Purification methods for fungal multienzyme complexes vary, each offering unique advantages and requiring tailored approaches for specific enzyme systems. The isolation and characterisation of multienzyme complexes face significant challenges. Their classification as metabolons depends on three criteria: substrate channelling, functional coupling, and dynamic assembly. Although research highlights the significance of substrate channelling and the function of stabilising proteins in improving metabolic efficiency, evidence for dynamic assembly is limited. Future research should emphasise new stabilising measures, real-time monitoring of intricate dynamics, and a more profound investigation of molecular causes.
  5. Ng ZJ, Goh CF, Mokhtar AMA, Ramli RNB, Lee CK, Tan JS
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2025 Mar 08.
    PMID: 40057628 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-025-01823-x
    Dental caries, driven predominantly by Streptococcus mutans, remains a significant global challenge. Conventional treatments often fall short due to antimicrobial resistance and limited efficacy. Enterocin CC2, a potent bacteriocin, offers a promising alternative but is hindered by stability and delivery challenges. This study pioneers the development of a cutting-edge microemulsion designed to enhance the stability, bioavailability, and antimicrobial potency of enterocin CC2 against S. mutans. A comprehensive screening of 124 formulations was conducted, evaluating thermodynamic stability, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant potential. The optimized formulation underwent rigorous analysis for physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, and long-term stability under varied storage conditions. The innovative microemulsion formulation, incorporating 0.5 mg/mL enterocin CC2, 0.5% surfactant blend (Tween 80 + PEG 400, 1:1), and 0.5% oil, demonstrated micro-sized droplets (88.50-92.10 nm), exceptional thermodynamic stability, and robust antimicrobial efficacy. Remarkably, it reduced the time to eradicate S. mutans UKMCC 1019 from 8 h (unformulated) to 5 h, outperforming 0.2% w/v chlorhexidine and 0.5 mg/mL nisin. Stability tests confirmed consistent performance in pH, viscosity, and antimicrobial activity for up to six weeks across various temperatures, with no detectable cytotoxicity. This study introduces a groundbreaking microemulsion formulation that redefines antimicrobial therapy for S. mutans. By leveraging the enhanced stability and rapid action of enterocin CC2, this innovation offers a transformative approach to oral health management, paving the way for next-generation antimicrobial solutions.
  6. Zhang J, Zheng W, Yan Y, Zheng E, Zhao P, Feng X, et al.
    BMC Nurs, 2025 Mar 08;24(1):262.
    PMID: 40057794 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-025-02924-1
    BACKGROUND: Nursing internship play a crucial role in cultivating nursing students. However, nursing interns often face challenges of career anxiety, which can have negative impacts on their professional development and work quality. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing career anxiety among nursing interns is important.

    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the serial multiple mediating effect of perceived stress and self-control in the relationship between neuroticism and career anxiety among nursing interns in China.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

    METHODS: A total of 499 nursing interns from five tertiary hospitals in Xi'an, China, participated. Neuroticism, perceived stress, self-control, and career anxiety among nursing interns were assessed. Serial mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS Macro in SPSS. Statistical analyses included descriptive analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression with bootstrapping.

    RESULTS: (1)Career anxiety was significantly and positively correlated with neuroticism (r = 0.384, p 

  7. Keung MHT, Mehta N, Lynn E, Pineda E, Fetene D, Lee A, et al.
    J Virol Methods, 2025 Mar 05;335:115145.
    PMID: 40054738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2025.115145
    This study assessed the relative clinical sensitivity and specificity for cervical precancer of the Roche cobas HPV test when processed using the Roche cobas 6800 system using the Roche cobas 4800 HPV test as comparator. Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility were evaluated as well. The cobas HPV test run on the cobas 6800 platform demonstrated a relative clinical sensitivity of 1.00 for histologically confirmed CIN2 + lesions in woman aged 30 years or older, with a relative clinical specificity of 1.001 (p for non-inferior accuracy < 0.0001). The intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility were 99.6 % and 99.8 % respectively. The study is the third to show that cobas HPV testing on the 6800 platform consistently demonstrates a relative clinical sensitivity of ≥ 0.95 and a relative clinical specificity of ≥ 0.98 for CIN2 + . This would qualify it, according to a recently published criteria, as a second-generation comparator assay.
  8. Daood U, Amalraj FD, Kaur K, Bapat RA, Seow LL
    Dent Mater, 2025 Mar 06.
    PMID: 40055081 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.02.008
    OBJECTIVES: As artificial atoms, quantum dots are widely used in quantum information research since their individual energy levels may be precisely controlled using gate voltages. The purpose of the study was to modify carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and evaluate its effects on the structure, crystal orientation and mechanical properties of the enamel substrate along with antibacterial properties of CQDs.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enamel specimens of 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm were cut and CQD solution was dialyzed in deionized water mixed with urea solution and placed in microwave system (800 W) to obtain *CQD0.1 %-, **CQD0.2 %-, ***CQD0.3 %-, and *****CQD0.5 % for enamel blocks to be immersed for 2 weeks. X-ray diffraction analysis and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to determine degree of phase purity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for imaging of CQDs and treated enamel, with zeta potential measured with Zetasizer. Raman spectra was acquired with spectral range of 400-2000 cm-1. Atomic force microscopy was performed with a peak force set at 200 nN. Lactobacillus biofilm was prepared on treated enamel substrates and analysed using confocal, scanning electron microscopy and TEM.

    RESULTS: DFT calculations summarised improved lattice parameters of HAp***CQD0.3 %- and HAp***CQD0.5 %-. Zeta potential is least for salineS and is maximum for *****CQD0.5 %- distributed system. The salineS, and *CQD0.1 %- groups had comparable v₁PO₄³⁻ value, indicating consistent phosphate intensities. TEM successfully verified carbon dots as spherical. Enamel crystals aligned their c-axis perpendicular to the electron beam within 1° with CQDs treated specimens exhibiting misoriented-crystals. *****CQD0.5 %- group had highest elastic modulus and nano hardness with maximum shear stress. Calculated bond length and angles using XRD show higher measures (p 

  9. Ali DS, Vazifehmand R, Malik MA, Rukayadi Y, Radu S, Mirpour M, et al.
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2025 Mar 08;41(3):97.
    PMID: 40055277 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-025-04307-9
    Biofilm formation and its molecular signaling in bacteria resistant to ionizing radiation is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variations and gene expression of biofilm in an ionizing radiation-resistant Bacillus subtilis in Ramsar. Direct sequencing and quantitative PCR were applied to determine nucleotide variations and gene expression profiles of tapA-sipW-tasA, sinR, sinI, ccpA, epsA-O, spoOB, spoOA, slrA, slrR, ymcA and abrB genes. RNAsnp-RNAfold and Phyre2 and the Swiss Model webserver were used to analyze the structural mRNA and protein respectively. At the molecular level, the tapA-sipW-tasA operon was significantly overexpressed and the expression of ccpA and slrR was significantly downregulated. The thermodynamic and ensemble diversity ratio of the tapA (G>C) gene showed the largest changes in RNA secondary structure. In addition, the largest protein pocket belonged to tapA (148.6 A03) compared to the normal structure (121.1 A03). A non-radiation Bacillus subtilis was served as a control group. These results support the hypothesis that the induction of robust biofilm formation is through the (tapA) operon signal in ionizing radiation-resistant B. subtilis and that genetic variation in tapA (G>C) was the major gene associated with diversity in robust biofilm formation.
    MeSH terms: Iran; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Operon*; Radiation, Ionizing; Genetic Variation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial*; Computational Biology*; Gene Expression Profiling
  10. Abdul Rahim NS, Lim XJ, Leong EL, Lim SY, Amri NA, Lim CC, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2025 Mar 07;25(1):920.
    PMID: 40055620 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-21765-w
    BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 vaccines may contribute to idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). This nationwide study sought to evaluate the correlation between COVID-19 infection and vaccination with ISSNHL.

    METHODS: This case-control study analysed samples from adults aged 18 years and older who visited the otorhinolaryngology department in 32 government hospitals in Malaysia for pure tone audiometry(PTA) between January 25, 2020 and June 30, 2022. Cases comprised patients diagnosed with ISSNHL, while controls consisted of individuals with normal PTA assessments presenting for other otorhinolaryngology-related symptoms during the same period. Patients with known causes of hearing loss were excluded. Cases and controls were matched in a 1:5 ratio based on age (± 5 years) and index date (± 10 days). The study investigated the association between ISSNHL and both COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 infection using conditional logistic regression, with statistical significance set at P 

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data; Case-Control Studies
  11. Han D, Lee HL, Oung QW, Lee CH
    World J Surg Oncol, 2025 Mar 07;23(1):76.
    PMID: 40055712 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-025-03720-6
    BACKGROUND: Larynx cancer, a major upper respiratory tract malignancy, remains a global public health challenge, driven by smoking, alcohol use, and chronic inflammation, despite medical and public health advancements.

    METHODS: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study were used to assess larynx cancer mortality trends from 1990 to 2021 across global, regional, and national levels. Death rates, absolute mortality numbers, and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) were calculated.

    RESULTS: Globally, the number of deaths from larynx cancer increased by 36.67% between 1990 and 2021, while death rates slightly declined, with an EAPC of -0.41. Males consistently accounted for the majority of deaths, with 100,393 deaths in 2021, though female mortality showed a larger percentage increase of 60.13% compared to 33.39% in males. Significant regional disparities were evident, with the highest death rates reported in Eastern Europe and Central Latin America, where countries like Bulgaria and Cuba recorded rates exceeding 6 per 100,000 population. In contrast, Oceania reported the lowest rates, below 0.5 per 100,000. The elderly (75 + years) experienced the largest increase in mortality, rising by 85.4%, while deaths among the 15-49 age group remained relatively stable. Additionally, larynx cancer death rates were correlated with SDI.

    CONCLUSION: Despite slight declines in global death rates, the absolute burden of larynx cancer has increased due to population growth and aging. Regional disparities emphasize the need for targeted interventions and improved healthcare access. This study offers valuable insights for policy and resource planning.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality/trends; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Young Adult
  12. Wo SW, Alagappar PN, Yahya AN, Woo PJ
    BMC Psychol, 2025 Mar 07;13(1):214.
    PMID: 40055778 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02489-3
    BACKGROUND: The National Health and Morbidity Survey in Malaysia (2022) revealed a significant increase in developmental delays among young children. Early detection using valid, accessible, and cross-culturally appropriate developmental screening tools is essential. Thus, English-language and Malay versions of the TOY EIGHT developmental screening tool (TOY8) were developed using artificial intelligence and a standardized parent-proxy questionnaire. This study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of the English version of TOY8, building on the previously validated Malay TOY8, and to examine measurement invariance across language versions, gender, and income groups.

    METHODS: TOY8 was designed and developed to screen for developmental problems in children aged 3-5 years in Malay and English by an interdisciplinary research team drawing upon both national and international guidelines, and then reviewed by an expert panel (n = 5). Two samples of parents and their children were recruited: 1767 dyads to complete the English TOY8 and another 1724 dyads to complete the Malay TOY8.

    RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the model structure of the English TOY8 matched that of the Malay TOY8. The split-half reliability coefficient indicated adequate to high reliability, which is also consistent with the Malay TOY8. Our results showed that all configural and metric invariance models across groups had a good fit to the data, demonstrating that multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis was appropriate. Finally, scalar invariance was only achieved in certain domains across gender and not in language versions or income groups.

    CONCLUSION: The English TOY8 demonstrates construct validity and reliable screening tool for identifying developmental milestones in children aged 3-5 years in Malaysia. In addition, configural and metric invariances across groups in all domains were established, indicating the cross-cultural equivalence of the items, and scalar invariance was established across genders in most 3- to 5-year-old domains. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting reliability and validity that aligns with previous literature on child development, which indicates a general similarity in the gender and cross-cultural development domains in the first years of life, but not for older children, in terms of language and socioemotional skills.

    MeSH terms: Child Development; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Income/statistics & numerical data; Language; Malaysia; Male; Play and Playthings; Psychometrics*; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards; Sex Factors; Reproducibility of Results
  13. de Bie RMA, Katzenschlager R, Swinnen BEKS, Peball M, Lim SY, Mestre TA, et al.
    Mov Disord, 2025 Mar 08.
    PMID: 40055961 DOI: 10.1002/mds.30162
    OBJECTIVE: To update evidence-based medicine recommendations for treating motor fluctuations of Parkinson's disease (PD).

    BACKGROUND: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Evidence Based Medicine in Movement Disorders Committee recommendations for the treatments of PD were first published in 2002 and regularly updated. The current review uses a new methodology, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and a modified version of GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations).

    METHODS: On January 1, 2023, a literature search was conducted without date limit in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the following search terms: Parkinson disease, levodopa and, for the Embase database, randomized controlled trial (RCT). The inclusion criteria for studies were: patients with PD, on oral levodopa therapy, experiencing motor fluctuations, investigating an intervention that was (commercially) available in at least one country, study design RCT, and with a follow-up duration of at least 3 months.

    RESULTS: A total of 102 studies were included. Levodopa extended release, pramipexole immediate release and extended release, ropinirole immediate release, rotigotine, opicapone, safinamide, and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) were assessed as efficacious, and continuous intestinal levodopa infusion, continuous subcutaneous levodopa, continuous subcutaneous apomorphine, ropinirole prolonged release, ropinirole patch, entacapone, rasagiline, istradefylline, amantadine extended release, zonisamide, bilateral globus pallidus DBS, and pallidotomy were assessed as likely efficacious for the treatment of motor fluctuations in people with PD who are already being treated with levodopa.

    CONCLUSIONS: There are several treatment options that can improve motor fluctuations in PD. These recommendations will assist physicians and patients in determining which intervention to use. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

  14. A Mariappan V, Mukhtar F
    J Clin Psychol, 2025 Mar 08.
    PMID: 40056459 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23781
    Sleep problems such as poor sleep quality and insomnia are common issues among medical and paramedical students, which may lead to mental health disorders and impaired academic performance. Despite the availability of different sleep programs and psychological interventions, as well as a few reviews exploring their effects on sleep variables in college students, a systematic review comparing their effectiveness in medical students is still lacking. This systematic review aims to investigate psychological interventions to improve sleep quality and address sleep problems in medical students. Four databases (PubMed, SciDirect, Scopus, and PsycNet) were searched to retrieve original research articles written in English and published from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2023. Outcome measures were sleep quality, insomnia, sleep behavior, sleep quantity, and sleep-related problems. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria, and 4 categories of interventions were identified (1) sleep hygiene, (2) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), (3) a combination of sleep hygiene/CBT with other modalities, and (4) other psychotherapeutic interventions such as progressive muscle relaxation, hypnotherapy, aromatherapy yoga, and mindfulness. Ten studies were randomized control trials, two were quasi-experimental, and the remaining seven were pre- and post-intervention designs (one group only and no control). Overall, both individual CBT and sleep hygiene education led to significant improvement in sleep quality and sleep problems among medical students, but CBT was more effective with consistent positive effects on sleep quality. Nevertheless, significant improvements in sleep quality and sleep-related outcomes were observed in studies combining these psychological interventions. Effective comparisons were limited due to the substantial heterogeneity between the studies. Further research is required to elucidate the type of psychological intervention, optimal mode of delivery, duration, and number of contacts of these interventions, including the moderators to improve sleep quality among medical students.
  15. Choonut A, Wongfaed N, Wongthong L, Poolpol A, Chaikitkaew S, Sittijunda S, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2025 Mar 03;490:137806.
    PMID: 40056517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137806
    The persistence of plastics, particularly polypropylene (PP), and their conversion into microplastics (MPs), specifically PP-MPs, have emerged as serious ecological threats to soil and aquatic environments. In the present study, we aimed to isolate a microbial consortium capable of degrading PP-MPs. The results revealed that three microbial consortia (CPP-KKU1, CPP-KKU2, and CPP-KKU3) exhibited the ability to degrade PP-MPs, achieving weight losses ranging from 11.6 ± 0.2 % to 17.8 ± 0.5 % after 30 days. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the degradation through oxidation, as evidenced by the presence of new functional groups (-OH and -C=O). In particular, CPP-KKU3 showed the highest degradation efficiency, with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealing surface cracking after treatment. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified various intermediate compounds, including heterocyclic aromatic compounds, phenyl groups, methylthio derivatives, and ethoxycarbonyl derivatives, indicating complex biochemical processes that were likely mediated by microbial enzymes. Furthermore, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by these consortia was also investigated. The result showed that both CPP-KKU2 and CPP-KKU3 successfully produced PHB, with CPP-KKU3 demonstrating superior performance in terms of PP-MP degradation and PHB production. Metagenomic analysis of CPP-KKU3 revealed abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), particularly glycosyl transferases and glycoside hydrolases, which are associated with MP digestion. This study presents a promising bioremediation approach that addresses plastic waste degradation and sustainable bioplastic production, offering a potential solution for environmental plastic pollution.
  16. Garassino MC, He Y, Ahn MJ, Orlov SV, Potter V, Kato T, et al.
    Lung Cancer, 2025 Apr;202:108417.
    PMID: 40056874 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108417
    INTRODUCTION: This post-hoc analysis of the registrational FLAURA study and AURA program reports long-term safety data in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated (EGFRm), advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with osimertinib for ≥ 36 months.

    METHODS: Patients from FLAURA who received first-line osimertinib and from the AURA program (AURA, AURA2, AURA3) who received ≥ second-line osimertinib were included. Patients received osimertinib 80 mg once daily. Safety data were analyzed in patients who remained on treatment for ≥ 36 months. The post-study global safety database captured investigator-reported serious adverse events (SAEs) in patients who continued osimertinib beyond final data cut-off (DCO) of the studies. Best response data were analyzed in patients on treatment for ≥ 54 months (FLAURA) or ≥ 36 months (AURA program).

    RESULTS: In FLAURA, 76 (28 %) and 36 (13 %) of 267 patients received first-line osimertinib for ≥ 36 and ≥ 54 months, respectively; median exposure: 52.5 and 64.5 months, respectively. Across the AURA program,124 (16 %) of 799 patients received ≥ second-line osimertinib for ≥ 36 months; median exposure: 44.7 months. Investigators reported on-study SAEs in 17 % (FLAURA) and 35 % (AURA program) of patients who continued treatment for ≥ 36 months. Post-study incidences of SAEs were 11 % (FLAURA) and 21 % (AURA program). On-study, adverse events (AEs) of cardiac effects (indicative of cardiac failure; grouped term) occurred in 7 % (FLAURA) and 5 % (AURA program) of patients; AEs of interstitial lung disease (ILD; grouped term) occurred in 0 (FLAURA) and 1 (AURA program) patient. No post-study SAEs were reported for the grouped terms cardiac effects and ILD. Most patients treated for ≥ 54 months (FLAURA) and ≥ 36 months (AURA program) had a best on-study response of partial response.

    CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrated that long-term treatment with osimertinib of ≥ 36 months was well tolerated in patients with EGFRm advanced NSCLC.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Indoles; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation*; Pyrimidines; Treatment Outcome; ErbB Receptors/genetics
  17. Rosenthal VD, Yin R, Jin Z, Basri MNM, Hoong LY, Mohamad F, et al.
    Am J Infect Control, 2025 Mar 06.
    PMID: 40056993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2025.03.002
    BACKGROUND: We compared the efficacy of chlorhexidine-impregnated central lines (CLs) with plain CLs in preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in critically ill patients.

    METHODS: The study was conducted from April 2023 to August 2024 in 8 hospitals across India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Colombia, Egypt, and Turkey. Data were collected prospectively using the INICC Surveillance Online System. Cases and controls were recruited simultaneously. Data were analyzed using t tests, χ² tests, and Fisher exact tests when indicated. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

    RESULTS: A total of 6,672 patients were included. Patients with impregnated CLs had 4,721 CL-days, while those with plain CLs had 18,822 CL-days. The CLABSI rate in patients with impregnated CLs was 1.48 per 1,000 CL-days, compared to 4.78 per 1,000 CL-days in those with plain CLs (RR=0.31, 95%CI=0.14-0.67, P=.003). A subgroup analysis excluding patients with hemodialysis but using central venous catheters (CVCs) showed 1.72 CLABSIs per 1,000 CL-days in patients with impregnated CVCs compared to 5.84 per 1,000 CL-days in those with plain CVCs (RR=0.29, 95%CI=0.12-0.68, P=.004).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the significant benefits of impregnated CLs over plain CLs in reducing CLABSI rates, achieving a 69% decrease in incidence.

  18. Ajab H, Khan MH, Naveed P, Abdullah MA
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Mar 06;307(Pt 1):141745.
    PMID: 40057091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141745
    With increased manufacturing activities and energy sector development, monitoring of heavy metal ion (HMI) pollution is becoming increasingly pressing. The discharge of metals from industrial effluents into the waterways could cause major economic and environmental disruption. In situ and on-site detection methods of trace HMIs can be effective countermeasures before the toxicity spreads out to larger areas, affecting the ecosystem. Conventional methods are often lacking in portability and costly. In contrast, electrochemical sensing, especially with nanoplatforms, is promising for trace detection of HMIs in complex media because of the ease of fabrication and adaptability of incorporating green technology. Appropriate electrode selection with suitable modifiers is crucial in complex medium analyses to overcome electrode fouling. In this review, the evolution from metal-based and carbon-based electrodes to advancements in electrode modification involving agro/biocomposite nanomaterials (NMs) such as cellulose, chitosan, and hydroxyapatite is discussed. The fabrication of nucleic acid-based aptasensors for analyzing HMIs and the adoption of smart systems based on microfluidics with high selectivity, operational stability, and sensitivity are highlighted. The challenges and future prospects for trace HMI determination based on electrochemical sensors in real complex media, including blood and industrial effluent or wastewater, are critically examined.
  19. Lau EXX, Farrukh MJ, Keshavarzi F, Ming LC, Paneerselvam GS, Suleiman AK
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2025 Mar 08;25(1):97.
    PMID: 40057740 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-025-04816-y
    BACKGROUND: The use of traditional and complementary medicines (T&CM) among menopausal women has become prevalent due to the concerns on the adverse effects and differing opinions regarding hormone replacement therapy's (HRT) suitability for long-term following the release of Women's Health Initiative (WHI) results in 2002. To date, there have been no studies conducted on knowledge, attitude and practice towards T&CM among menopausal women in Malaysia. In addition, many women seek relief from menopausal symptoms by using T&CM despite questionable safety and efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of menopausal women towards T&CM and its correlation with sociodemographic data in Kuala Lumpur and to assess the prevalence, types and perceived effectiveness of T&CM used by menopausal women in Kuala Lumpur.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among menopausal women (n = 390) in Kuala Lumpur in the form of self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected using convenience sampling. The questionnaire was adopted from previous studies and some literature reviews with modifications. It was composed of 4 sections. Statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis such as independent t test, one way ANOVA and chi square test.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of T&CM used among menopausal women was found to be 27.2%. Evening primrose oil (53.2%), vitamins and minerals (53.2%) and black cohosh (48%) were most frequently used. Black cohosh and phytoestrogens were perceived as effective in relieving menopausal symptoms by 36.6% and 43.4% of respondents, respectively. Over half of the respondents had poor knowledge (51.3%), negative attitude (56.9%) and poor practice (55.7%) regarding the utilization of T&CM in menopause. There was a significant association between knowledge and attitude (p value  RM10,1000) showed higher knowledge and positive attitude.

    CONCLUSIONS: Menopausal women in Kuala Lumpur were found to have a low prevalence rate of T&CM utilization. Respondents' low understanding and unfavourable views might significantly impact the inadequate usage of T&CM.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia; Medicine, Traditional; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires
  20. Xiao W, Bu T, Zhao F, Zhang J, Bai X, Geok SK
    BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2025 Mar 08;17(1):43.
    PMID: 40057803 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-025-01085-7
    PURPOSE: Functional training to improve athletes' technical performance and movement quality is becoming increasingly popular, but few studies have focused on young tennis players. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of 12 weeks of functional training on skilled youth male tennis players' skill performance and movement quality.

    METHODS: Forty skilled youth male tennis players were assigned to the functional training group (n = 20) or the control training group (n = 20). The control group received a traditional resistance training program by their coach, whereas the functional training group was given Santana's Racket Sports Program. Each group received 60-minute training sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. At baseline (T0), after six weeks (T6), and after 12 weeks (T12), the participants' skill performance was measured according to the International Tennis Federation's protocol, and movement quality was measured according to the functional movement screening assessment recommended by Gray Cook. The data were analyzed via a generalized estimation equation model.

    RESULTS: The results revealed that there were no significant differences in skill performance or movement quality between the groups at baseline (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in those variables between the groups after 6 weeks of the intervention and 12 weeks of the intervention (p 

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