Dental pulp stem cells therapy overcome photoreceptor cell death and protects the retina in a rat model of sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration

Alsaeedi HA 1 , Koh AE 2 , Lam C 3 , Rashid MBA 3 , Harun MHN 4 , Saleh MFBM 5 Show all authors , Teh SW 2 , Luu CD 6 , Ng MH 7 , Isa HM 3 , Leow SN 8 , Then KY 3 , Bastion MC 3 , Mok PL 9 , Muthuvenkatachalam BS 10 , Samrot AV 11 , Swamy KB 12 , Nandakumar J 13 , Kumar SS 14

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: hairulnizam@ppukm.ukm.edu.my
  • 5 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 6 Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), the University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia. Electronic address: cluu@unimelb.edu.au
  • 7 Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 8 Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, 80100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • 9 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O Box 2014, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Mpling@ju.edu.sa
  • 10 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong-Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
  • 11 Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Sholinganallur, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42810 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 12 Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, No. 12-18, Jalan SS 6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 13 Department of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
  • 14 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Cancer, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Electronic address: sureshkudsc@gmail.com
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2019 Sep;198:111561.
PMID: 31352000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111561

Abstract

Blindness and vision loss contribute to irreversible retinal degeneration, and cellular therapy for retinal cell replacement has the potential to treat individuals who have lost light sensitive photoreceptors in the retina. Retinal cells are well characterized in function, and are a subject of interest in cellular replacement therapy of photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. However, retinal cell transplantation is limited by various factors, including the choice of potential stem cell source that can show variability in plasticity as well as host tissue integration. Dental pulp is one such source that contains an abundance of stem cells. In this study we used dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) to mitigate sodium iodate (NaIO3) insult in a rat model of retinal degeneration. Sprague-Dawley rats were first given an intravitreal injection of 3 × 105 DPSCs as well as a single systemic administration of NaIO3 (40 mg/kg). Electroretinography (ERG) was performed for the next two months and was followed-up by histological analysis. The ERG recordings showed protection of DPSC-treated retinas within 4 weeks, which was statistically significant (* P ≤ .05) compared to the control. Retinal thickness of the control was also found to be thinner (*** P ≤ .001). The DPSCs were found integrated in the photoreceptor layer through immunohistochemical staining. Our findings showed that DPSCs have the potential to moderate retinal degeneration. In conclusion, DPSCs are a potential source of stem cells in the field of eye stem cell therapy due to its protective effects against retinal degeneration.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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