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Fulltext Viability and management of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population in the Endau Rompin landscape, Peninsular Malaysia

Saaban S, Yasak MN, Gumal M, Oziar A, Cheong F, Shaari Z, et al.

PeerJ, 2020;8:e8209.
PMID: 32002318 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8209

The need for conservation scientists to produce research of greater relevance to practitioners is now increasingly recognized. This study provides an example of scientists working alongside practitioners and policy makers to address a question of immediate relevance to elephant conservation in Malaysia and using the results to inform wildlife management policy and practice including the National Elephant Conservation Action Plan for Peninsular Malaysia. Since ensuring effective conservation of elephants in the Endau Rompin Landscape (ERL) in Peninsular Malaysia is difficult without data on population parameters we (1) conducted a survey to assess the size of the elephant population, (2) used that information to assess the viability of the population under different management scenarios including translocation of elephants out of the ERL (a technique long used in Malaysia to mitigate human-elephant conflict (HEC)), and (3) assessed a number of options for managing the elephant population and HEC in the future. Our dung-count based survey in the ERL produced an estimate of 135 (95% CI [80-225]) elephants in the 2,500 km2 area. The population is thus of national significance, containing possibly the second largest elephant population in Peninsular Malaysia, and with effective management elephant numbers could probably double. We used the data from our survey plus other sources to conduct a population viability analysis to assess relative extinction risk under different management scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the population cannot sustain even very low levels of removal for translocation or anything other than occasional poaching. We describe, therefore, an alternative approach, informed by this analysis, which focuses on in situ management and non-translocation-based methods for preventing or mitigating HEC. The recommended approach includes an increase in law enforcement to protect the elephants and their habitat, maintenance of habitat connectivity between the ERL and other elephant habitat, and a new focus on adaptive management.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Unravelling the myths of R0 in controlling the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak: A modelling perspective

Mohd MH, Sulayman F

Chaos Solitons Fractals, 2020 Sep;138:109943.
PMID: 32834577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109943

COVID-19 is an emerging and rapidly evolving pandemic around the world, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and results in substantial morbidity and mortality. To examine the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, we investigate the spread of this pandemic using Malaysia as a case study and scrutinise its interactions with some exogenous factors such as limited medical resources and false detection problems. To do this, we employ a simple epidemiological model and analyse this system using modelling and dynamical systems techniques. We discover some contrasting findings with respect to the observations of basic reproduction number: while it is observed that R0 seems to provide a good description of transmission dynamics in simple outbreak scenarios, this quantity might mislead the assessment on the severity of pandemic when certain complexities such as limited medical resources and false detection problems are incorporated into the model. In particular, we observe the possibility of a COVID-19 outbreak through bistable behaviour, even when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Based on these findings, we caution policy makers not to make their decisions solely based on the guidance of the basic reproduction number only, which clearly could cause trouble.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic period on stock market return and volatility. Evidence from the Pakistan Stock Exchange

Wang B, Waris M, Adamiak K, Adnan M, Hamad HA, Bhatti SM

PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0295853.
PMID: 38625885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295853

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant event of the current century, introducing substantial transformations in economic and social activities worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and Pakistan stock market (PSX) return volatility. To assess the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and the PSX return volatility, we collected secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the PSX website, specifically focusing on the PSX 100 index, spanning from March 15, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We used the GARCH family models for measuring the volatility and the COVID-19 impact on the stock market performance. Our E-GARCH findings show that there is long-term persistence in the return volatility of the stock market of Pakistan in the period of the COVID-19 timeline because ARCH alpha (ω1) and GARCH beta (ω2) are significant. Moreover, is asymmetrical effect is found in the stock market of Pakistan during the COVID-19 period due to Gamma (ѱ) being significant for PSX. Our DCC-GARCH results show that the COVID-19 active cases have a long-term spillover impact on the Pakistan stock market. Therefore, the need of strong planning and alternative platform should be needed in the distress period to promote the stock market and investor should advised to make diversified international portfolio by investing in high and low volatility stock market to save their income. This study advocated the implications for investors to invest in low volatility stock especially during the period of pandemics to protect their return on investment. Moreover, policy makers and the regulators can make effective policies to maintain financial stability during pandemics that is very important for the country's economic development.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
The dataset for the stages of concerns of public-school teachers towards the use of e-learning platform: Malaysian context

He YZ, Yusop FD

Data Brief, 2020 Apr;29:105230.
PMID: 32123703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105230

This dataset contains demographic information of 355 respondents and a validated 32-items Stages of Concerns Questionnaire (SoCQ). The SoCQ questionnaire was developed based on the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) which measures seven stages of concerns as the variables. They are unconcerned, informational, personal, management, consequence, collaboration and refocusing. The data was firstly tested with normality, followed by validity checking using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). It is useful for policy makers and stakeholders to have a thorough understanding about teachers' concerns on the use of the e-learning platform and thus, design suitable interventions to smoothen the adoption process of using the technology. This set of data could be used in a multi-racial developing country for more complex analyses.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Team Resource Management Perception Under Managerial Coaching Skills and Organizational Climate: Cross-Level Analysis in Taiwan's Hospitals

Chen IC, Khan SK, Lin CH

Health Care Manag (Frederick), 2019 7 2;38(3):228-238.
PMID: 31261192 DOI: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000266

There is growing recognition of the importance of teamwork and integration of resources in the health care industry. This article studied the influence of organizational climate and managerial coaching skills on team perception of team resource management (TRM) and coaching techniques in selected hospitals in Taiwan. Structural survey method was used to measure the relationship between organizational climate, managerial coaching skills, and team perception of TRM. The participants of this research were 530 administrative staff from 12 hospitals in Taiwan. Cross-level relationship between organizational climate (group level), managerial coaching skills (individual level), and team perception of TRM (individual level) was examined. The results revealed that organizational climate had a significant influence on team perception of TRM. Second, recognition of managerial coaching skills shaped team perception during TRM implementation. Third, organizational climate had a moderating effect on the relationship between managerial coaching skills and team perception of TRM. The study concluded that positive organizational climate and good managerial coaching skills contribute to effective team management and development. Thus, it is important for health care organizations to understand the importance of coaching and mentoring and create a workplace that makes learning, growth, and adaptation possible across different departments and functional teams.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel/organization & administration*
Fulltext Switching from monoculture to polyculture farming benefits birds in oil palm production landscapes: Evidence from mist netting data

Yahya MS, Syafiq M, Ashton-Butt A, Ghazali A, Asmah S, Azhar B

Ecol Evol, 2017 08;7(16):6314-6325.
PMID: 28861235 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3205

Monoculture farming is pervasive in industrial oil palm agriculture, including those RSPO plantations certified as sustainably managed. This farming practice does not promote the maintenance of farmland biodiversity. However, little scientific attention has been given to polyculture farming in oil palm production landscapes. Polyculture farming is likely to increase the floristic diversity and stand structural complexity that underpins biodiversity. Mist nets were used to sample birds at 120 smallholdings in Peninsular Malaysia. At each site, 12 vegetation structure characteristics were measured. We compared bird species richness, abundance, and composition between monoculture and polyculture smallholdings and used predictive models to examine the effects of habitat quality on avian biodiversity. Bird species richness was significantly greater in polyculture than that of monoculture smallholdings. The number of fallen and standing, dead oil palms were also important positive predictors of species richness. Bird abundance was also strongly increased by standing and dead oil palms and decreased with oil palm stand height. Our results indicate that polyculture farming can improve bird species richness in oil palm production landscapes. In addition, key habitat variables that are closely associated with farming practices, such as the removal of dead trees, should and can be managed by oil palm growers in order to promote biodiversity. To increase the sustainability of oil palm agriculture, it is imperative that stakeholders modify the way oil palms are currently planted and managed. Our findings can guide policy makers and certification bodies to promote oil palm production landscapes that will function more sustainably and increase existing biodiversity of oil palm landscapes.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Supervisors' experiences of workplace supervision of nursing and paramedic students in rural settings: a scoping review

Trede F, McEwen C, Kenny A, O'Meara P

Nurse Educ Today, 2014 May;34(5):783-8.
PMID: 24698307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.10.003

We present our findings from a scoping review that sought to identify what is known about nursing and paramedic clinical supervisors' experiences of their supervision practices in rural settings. Our interest in these two groups is based on the central role that nurses and paramedics play in rural health care.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel*
Statistical analysis of vehicle theft crime in peninsular Malaysia using negative binomial regression model

Ahmad Mahir Razali, Nurulkamal Masseran, Noriszura Ismail, Malina Zulkifli

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1363-1370.

The aim of this paper was to identify the determinants that influence vehicle theft by applying a negative binomial regression model. The identification of these determinants is very important to policy-makers, car-makers and car owners, as they can be used to establish practical steps for preventing or at least limiting vehicle thefts. In addition, this paper also proposed a crime mapping application that allows us to identify the most risky areas for vehicle theft. The results from this study can be utilized by local authorities as well as management of internal resource planning of insurance companies in planning effective strategies to reduce vehicle theft. Indirectly, this paper has built ingenuity by combining information obtained from the database of Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia and insurance companies to pioneer the development of location map of vehicle theft in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Sociodemographic factors associated with waist circumference among male and female adults: findings of the Malaysian adult nutrition survey 2014

Yong Kang Cheah, Mohd Azahadi, Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor, Siew Nooi Phang, Noor Hazilah Abd Manaf

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):207-215.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study examined how waist circumference (WC) varied across sociodemographic characteristics of Malaysian adults using a nationally representative data. Methods: Data from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey 2014 (n = 2696) was used. In the sample, 46.55% were males and 53.45% were females. The outcome variable was WC. Waist circumference was categorised into four ordinal outcomes: very low, low, high and very high. The ex- planatory variables were age, monthly individual income, education, gender, marital status, ethnicity, employment status and household location. Ordered probit models were utilised. Results: The majority of males had a low WC (54.66%), and only a small proportion had a very high WC (0.96%). Similarly, a high proportion of females had a low WC (55.59%), and only 1.94% had a very high WC. Younger males were more likely to have a high WC than their older counterparts. Males who had monthly income of RM2000-2999 or RM3000-3999 were more likely to have a high WC compared with those who had monthly income of RM999. Chinese and Indian males were more likely to have a high WC than Bumiputera males. For females, those who were married, widowed/divorced and Bu- miputera were likely to have a high WC. Conclusion: WC was associated with various sociodemographic profiles of males and females. In particular, there were positive associations between the likelihoods of having a high WC and younger age group, higher income, Chinese, Indian, and being married. Our findings provided policy makers with better information on formulating intervention measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Security threats categories in healthcare information systems

Samy GN, Ahmad R, Ismail Z

Health Informatics J, 2010 Sep;16(3):201-9.
PMID: 20889850 DOI: 10.1177/1460458210377468

This article attempts to investigate the various types of threats that exist in healthcare information systems (HIS). A study has been carried out in one of the government-supported hospitals in Malaysia.The hospital has been equipped with a Total Hospital Information System (THIS). The data collected were from three different departments, namely the Information Technology Department (ITD), the Medical Record Department (MRD), and the X-Ray Department, using in-depth structured interviews. The study identified 22 types of threats according to major threat categories based on ISO/IEC 27002 (ISO 27799:2008). The results show that the most critical threat for the THIS is power failure followed by acts of human error or failure and other technological factors. This research holds significant value in terms of providing a complete taxonomy of threat categories in HIS and also an important component in the risk analysis stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Research funding impact and priority setting - advancing universal access and quality healthcare research in Malaysia

Fun WH, Sararaks S, Tan EH, Tang KF, Chong DWQ, Low LL, et al.

BMC Health Serv Res, 2019 Apr 24;19(1):248.
PMID: 31018843 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4072-7

BACKGROUND: Health Research Priority Setting (HRPS) in the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia was initiated more than a decade ago to drive effort toward research for informed decision and policy-making. This study assessed the impact of funded prioritised research and identified research gaps to inform future priority setting initiatives for universal access and quality healthcare in Malaysia.
METHODS: Research impact of universal access and quality healthcare projects funded by the National Institutes of Health Malaysia were assessed based on the modified Payback Framework, addressing categories of informing policy, knowledge production, and benefits to health and health sector. For the HRPS process, the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology was adapted and adopted, with the incorporation of stakeholder values using weights and monetary allocation survey. Workshop discussions and interviews with stakeholders and research groups were conducted to identify research gaps, with the use of conceptual frameworks to guide the search.
RESULTS: Seventeen ongoing and 50 completed projects were identified for research funding impact analysis. Overall, research fund allocation differed from stakeholders' expectation. For research impact, 48 out of 50 completed projects (96.0%) contributed to some form of policy-making efforts. Almost all completed projects resulted in outputs that contributed to knowledge production and were expected to lead to health and health sector benefits. The HRPS process led to the identification of research priority areas that stemmed from ongoing and new issues identified for universal access and quality healthcare.
CONCLUSION: The concerted efforts of evaluation of research funding impact, prioritisation, dissemination and policy-maker involvement were valuable for optimal health research resource utilisation in a resource constrained developing country. Embedding impact evaluation into a priority setting process and funding research based on national needs could facilitate health research investment to reach its potential.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Refining the terminology of pre-higher education students: a quantitative study of entry qualifications, academic performance and family background

Anealka Aziz, Imelia Laura Daneil, Tang Howe Eng

Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(1):25-37.
MyJurnal

It is vital for educators to understand and match the learning needs of every student for learning to take place effectively. A detailed reference of the students’ entry characteristics, family background, and previous academic performance is useful in determining the materials and activities to be used with the students. The respondents of this study involved 103 students who enrolled in the pre-higher education programme. The characteristics to identify at-risk students are used as guidelines to redefine the definition of pre-higher education students. Therefore, the study aims to examine the characteristics of pre-higher education students based on their academic performance and socio-economic status. A quantitative method is used to gather more information about the basic entry characteristics, previous academic achievement, family background and Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) results of the students. The findings of the study help the researcher to define the terminology of the prehigher education programme. Having to confirm to the conceptual definition of the pre-higher education students helps the policy makers and institutions to develop a suitable learning programme to cater to their learning needs.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Psychiatric symptoms among migrants to Malaysia from the southernmost provinces of Thailand

Ford K, Jampaklay A, Chamatrithirong A

Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2021 Jan 20.
PMID: 33467959 DOI: 10.1177/0020764021989736

AIM: The objective of this paper is to examine the level of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors among Thai migrants from the southernmost Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narithiwat who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons will be made with the sending population in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.
METHODS: Data are drawn from survey and in-depth interviews with Thai migrants who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons are made with a probability sample of working age adults in Thailand. The twenty item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was the measure of mental health.
RESULTS: The study found that the migrants, on average, have normal levels of psychiatric symptoms. However, although about 24% of migrants reported more eight or more symptoms that may indicate a need for evaluation. There are many stressors in their lives including distance from families, reduced social support, legal matters surrounding immigration, and discrimination/exploitation of migrant groups.
CONCLUSION: The study highlights the need for policy makers and non-governmental organizations to give attention to migrants' mental health, well-being and sustainable livelihoods.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Projecting input-output table for Malaysia: A comparison of RAS and EURO method

Shuja’, N., Lazim, M.A., Yap, B.W.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(3):745-758.
MyJurnal

Input-Output analysis provides important information about the structure of a country’s economy. The construction of input-output tables based on detailed census or surveys is a complex procedure requiring substantial financial outlay, human capital, and time. This is the main reason why Malaysia Input-Output (MIO) Table is produced and published on average once every five years. For policy makers past data is not seen as suitable for planning economic policies. The aim of this study is to compare RAS and Euro methods to project input-output tables for Malaysia. The data for the study are MIO table and Gross Domestic Product for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The RAS and Euro method were used to project the MIO table 2005 using MIO table 2000 and also projection of MIO table 2010 using MIO table 2005. The projection of I-O tables involved an intensive iterative procedure using Excel Visual Basic programming. The projection performance of RAS and Euro methods were assessed based on Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Dissimilarity Index (DI). The results show that Euro method performed better than the RAS method in the projection of MIO table.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Prevalence and determinants of restless leg syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Pakistan

Nawaz MS, Nawaz MS, Shah KU, Mustafa ZU, Ahmed A, Sajjad Ahmed H, et al.

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2021 Feb 13;15(2):525-528.
PMID: 33668002 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.013

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Restless legs syndromes (RLS) are intrinsic sleeping disorder and its prevalence rate is 10-15% in general population but it is observed that prevalence rate is different in diabetes patients. Current study aims to find prevalence and determinants of RLS in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan.
METHOD: A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 388 diabetes patients attending daily diabetes clinics and teaching hospitals in Pakistan's twin city between August 2019 and February 2020. The chi-square test and linear regression were used to detect RLS-related factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RESULTS: The prevalence of RLS found was; 3.1% patients with diabetes were suffering from very severe RLS, 23.5% from severe RLS, 34% from moderate RLS, 21.1% from mild RLS and 18.3% from non-RLS. Gender, age, education, blood glucose fasting (BSF), blood glucose random (BSR) and HBA1c were found to be significant predictors of RLS in patients with diabetes.
CONCLUSION: Policy makers can develop local interventions to curb the growing RLS prevalence by keeping in control the risk factors of RLS in people living with type 2 diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Present status and future concerns of expanded newborn screening in malaysia: sustainability, challenges and perspectives

Leong YH, Gan CY, Tan MA, Majid MI

Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;21(2):63-7.
PMID: 24876809 MyJurnal

Newborn screening (NBS) program is an important tool for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of life-long impairments. NBS is one of the strategies recommended by the World Health Organization to promote the primary prevention of congenital anomalies and the health of children with these conditions. However, NBS initiation and implementation in developing countries, especially South-East Asian and North African regions, are slow and challenging. Expanded NBS is not mandatory and has not yet been incorporated into the public healthcare system in our country. Limited funding, manpower shortages, inadequate support services, low public awareness, and uncertain commitment from healthcare practitioners are the main challenges in establishing this program at the national level. Involvement and support from policy makers are very important to the success of the program and the benefit of the entire population.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Pre-hospital emergency medical service response time phenomenon in Klang valley: an answer for the society

MOHD SAID NURUMAL

Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2017;4(1):17-32.
MyJurnal

This qualitative descriptive study, underpinned by naturalistic inquiry, explored the prehospital emergency medical service response time in Klang Valley by providing an in-depth information of the phenomenon. In this study, various levels of health care personnel participated in focus group discussion and semi-structured interview. The staff members consisted of many levels of category from the lower ranks up to the higher level administrative officers. Content analysis was employed in analysing all data. Every one of the key informants was aware of the importance of making immediate responses to each ambulance call received. They shared their thoughts, experiences, and challenges in achieving the ideal response time in line with international recommendations. There were five categories of issues that emerged and challenges that arose from delays in response time, namely, 1) insufficient key information; 2) inconsistent information leading to delayed arrival of ambulance; 3) traffic condition causing delay in ambulance speed; 4) lack of resources contributing to an increase in workload; and, 5) unassertiveness in the attitude of members of staff. The findings have provided an answer to the society with regard to the current pre-hospital emergency medical service issues related to delay in the service delivered. Thus, policy makers and pre-hospital health care service providers should develop a strategic action plan by focusing on these findings to reduce the response time of ambulance call.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Orphan drugs and high cost medications: challenges and solutions

Chuah, S.Y., Thong, M.K.

JUMMEC, 2018;21(2):53-58.
MyJurnal

There had been increased and strong public interests in rare diseases and orphan drugs as well as the issue of
compulsory licencing for expensive medications in Malaysia in the mass-media and social media. We reviewed
the issues of orphan drugs and the challenges faced in many countries in developing appropriate health financial
modelling as well as getting accurate data on rare diseases. We also reviewed the old off-patent medications
and the developments on how policy-makers can intervene to make expensive treatment affordable and
sustainable for patients and the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Measuring the association of environmental, corporate, financial, and social CSR: evidence from fuzzy TOPSIS nexus in emerging economies

Kamran HW, Pantamee AA, Patwary AK, Ghauri TA, Long PD, Nga DQ

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Oct 25.
PMID: 33099740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11336-4

The purpose of this research is to measure the combing impact of corporate social responsibility on company performance and to conduct a comparative analysis among local and foreign companies in this context. This research aims to conduct an empirical analysis about how corporate social responsibility contributes to company performance. The study utilizes AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS theory to conduct research. The results revealed that environmental corporate social responsibility has a vital role in the development of organizational reputation and employee commitment. It can be observed from the results that the weights of environmental CSR, corporate CSR, financial CSR, and social CSR are 0.30, 0.25, 0.24, and 0.21, respectively. The preference of these four criteria is environmental CSR > corporate CSR > financial CSR > social CSR. The corporate CSR criterion got the maximum weight of 0.30, whereas the social CSR criteria received the lowest weight of 0.21. The financial CSR get weights of criteria 0.25, and the commercial potential obtained 0.24 weights, while the financial CSR got the 2nd highest criteria weight of 0.25, and the social CSR get weights of criteria 0.21 lowest weighted. The research provides valuable information for decision-makers. The study provides a valuable information for policy makers.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel
Fulltext Measuring and explaining multi-directional inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry

Mohd Suhaimi NAB, de Mey Y, Oude Lansink A

Br Food J, 2017;119(12):2788-2803.
PMID: 29720740 DOI: 10.1108/BFJ-11-2016-0549

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to measure the technical inefficiency of dairy farms and subsequently investigate the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry.
Design/methodology/approach: This study uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to measure the technical inefficiency scores on a sample of 200 farm observations and single-bootstrap truncated regression model to define factors affecting technical inefficiency.
Findings: Managerial and program inefficiency scores are presented for intensive and semi-intensive production systems. The results reveal marked differences in the inefficiency scores across inputs and between production systems.
Practical implications: Intensive systems generally have lowest managerial and program inefficiency scores in the Malaysian dairy farming sector. Policy makers could use this information to advise dairy farmers to convert their farming system to the intensive system.
Social implications: The results suggest that the Malaysian Government should redefine its policy for providing farm finance and should target young farmers when designing training and extension programs in order to improve the performance of the dairy sector.
Originality/value: The existing literature on Southeast Asian dairy farming has neither focused on investigating input-specific efficiency nor on comparing managerial and program efficiency. This paper aims to fill this gap.

Matched MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel

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