Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 58 in total

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  1. A gutsy performance: the potential for supplementation of short-chain fatty acids to benefit athletic health, exercise performance, and recovery
    Ong MLY, Green CG, Bongiovanni T, Heaney LM
    Benef Microbes, 2023 Dec 12;14(6):565-590.
    PMID: 38350483 DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230069
    The gut microbiome is known to play an important role in the day-to-day physiology and health of the human host. It is, therefore, not surprising that there is interest surrounding the gut microbiome and its potential to benefit athletic health and performance. This has, in part, been driven by the consideration that gut bacterial by-products (i.e. metabolic waste) could be harnessed by the host and utilised for a beneficial outcome. The concept of harnessing bacterial metabolites as beneficial health modulators has developed the theory of leveraging short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as novel supplements for enhancing athletic performance. This review discusses the current literature investigating SCFA administration in cellular, animal, and human models, with the aim of linking the demonstrated physiological/biochemical mechanisms to potential exercise/athletic benefit. In addition, practical implications and factors relating to SCFA-supplementation in athletic populations are considered. The literature demonstrates a tangible rationale that SCFAs can have a positive impact on human physiology to afford benefits to the athletic population. These advantages include the capacity to improve respiratory immunity to combat elevated levels/severity of upper respiratory tract infections often reported in athletes; the blunting of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways to aid in exercise recovery; and the role of SCFAs as usable energy sources and metabolism modulators to fuel exercise and improve performance and/or endurance capacity. However, there is currently minimal research completed in human participants and thus further investigations into the direct benefit of SCFAs in exercise performance and/or recovery-based studies are required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  2. Short-chain fatty acids: possible regulators of insulin secretion
    Rosli NSA, Abd Gani S, Khayat ME, Zaidan UH, Ismail A, Abdul Rahim MBH
    Mol Cell Biochem, 2023 Mar;478(3):517-530.
    PMID: 35943655 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04528-8
    The benefits of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) towards health and metabolism have been emerging since the past decade. Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the mechanisms responsible in initiating the functionalities of these SCFAs towards body tissues, which greatly involves the SCFA-specific receptors free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) and free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3). This review intends to discuss the potential of SCFAs particularly in regulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, by explaining the production of SCFAs in the gut, the fate of each SCFAs after their production, involvement of FFAR2 and FFAR3 signalling mechanisms and their impacts on insulin secretion. Increased secretion of insulin after SCFAs treatments were reported in many studies, but contradicting evidence also exist in several other studies. Hence, no clear consensus was achieved in determining the true potential of SCFA in regulating insulin secretion. In this review, we explore how such differences were possible and hopefully be able to shed some perspectives in understanding SCFAs-signalling behaviour and preferences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
  3. Short Chain Fatty Acids: Fundamental mediators of the gut-lung axis and their involvement in pulmonary diseases
    Ashique S, De Rubis G, Sirohi E, Mishra N, Rihan M, Garg A, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2022 Dec 01;368:110231.
    PMID: 36288778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110231
    The human microbiota is fundamental to correct immune system development and balance. Dysbiosis, or microbial content alteration in the gut and respiratory tract, is associated with immune system dysfunction and lung disease development. The microbiota's influence on human health and disease is exerted through the abundance of metabolites produced by resident microorganisms, where short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) represent the fundamental class. SCFAs are mainly produced by the gut microbiota through anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers, and are known to influence the homeostasis, susceptibility to and outcome of many lung diseases. This article explores the microbial species found in healthy human gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. We investigate factors contributing to dysbiosis in lung illness, and the gut-lung axis and its association with lung diseases, with a particular focus on the functions and mechanistic roles of SCFAs in these processes. The key focus of this review is a discussion of the main metabolites of the intestinal microbiota that contribute to host-pathogen interactions: SCFAs, which are formed by anaerobic fermentation. These metabolites include propionate, acetate, and butyrate, and are crucial for the preservation of immune homeostasis. Evidence suggests that SCFAs prevent infections by directly affecting host immune signaling. This review covers the various and intricate ways through which SCFAs affect the immune system's response to infections, with a focus on pulmonary diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, lung cystic fibrosis, and tuberculosis. The findings reviewed suggest that the immunological state of the lung may be indirectly influenced by elements produced by the gut microbiota. SCFAs represent valuable potential therapeutic candidates in this context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism; Fatty Acids, Volatile/therapeutic use
  4. Fulltext Adalimumab therapy is associated with increased faecal short chain fatty acids in hidradenitis suppurativa
    Tatian A, Bordbar S, Sarkissian S, Woods JA, Cains GD, Chong CW, et al.
    Exp Dermatol, 2022 Dec;31(12):1872-1880.
    PMID: 36054650 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14665
    Altered gut microbiota composition has been observed in individuals with hidradenitis suppurutiva (HS) and many other inflammatory diseases, including obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we addressed whether adalimumab, a systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, may impact the microbiota biochemical profile, particularly on beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We conducted an observational single-arm pilot trial to assess gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and to detect metabolite signatures by gas chromatography in stool samples from participants with HS prior to and 12 weeks after commencing adalimumab therapy. HS individuals that better responded to adalimumab treatment showed a shift in the composition and function of the gut microbiota with significantly increased SCFA acetate and propionate compared to age, gender and BMI-matched healthy controls. A positive correlation was observed between propionate with Prevotella sp and Faecalibacterium prausnitsii. Increased SCFAs, changes in gut microbiota composition, function and metabolic profile following 12 weeks of adalimumab suggest that targeting SCFAs may be considered a potential biomarker to be evaluated as a complementary protective factor or as a diagnostically relevant signal in HS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
  5. The Athlete and Gut Microbiome: Short-chain Fatty Acids as Potential Ergogenic Aids for Exercise and Training
    Bongiovanni T, Yin MOL, Heaney L
    Int J Sports Med, 2021 Dec;42(13):1143-1158.
    PMID: 34256388 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2095
    Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced in the gut via microbial fermentation of dietary fibers referred to as microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). Acetate, propionate, and butyrate have been observed to regulate host dietary nutrient metabolism, energy balance, and local and systemic immune functions. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown links between the presence of bacteria-derived SCFAs and host health through the blunting of inflammatory processes, as well as purported protection from the development of illness associated with respiratory infections. This bank of evidence suggests that SCFAs could be beneficial to enhance the athlete's immunity, as well as act to improve exercise recovery via anti-inflammatory activity and to provide additional energy substrates for exercise performance. However, the mechanistic basis and applied evidence for these relationships in humans have yet to be fully established. In this narrative review, we explore the existing knowledge of SCFA synthesis and the functional importance of the gut microbiome composition to induce SCFA production. Further, changes in gut microbiota associated with exercise and various dietary MACs are described. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research and practical applications, including how these metabolites could be manipulated through dietary fiber intake to optimize immunity and energy metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/administration & dosage*
  6. Enzymatically synthesised fructooligosaccharides from sugarcane syrup modulate the composition and short-chain fatty acid production of the human intestinal microbiota
    Hajar-Azhari S, Hafiz Abd Rahim M, Razid Sarbini S, Muhialdin BJ, Olusegun L, Saari N
    Food Res Int, 2021 11;149:110677.
    PMID: 34600679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110677
    Fructooligosaccharides can be produced by direct enzymatic conversion from sucrose-rich sugarcane syrup (SS) consisting of 58.93% sucrose yielding 21.28 g FOS/100 g sucrose. This study evaluated the prebiotic effect of unpurified/purified SS containing FOS for the modulation of the human intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid production. The unpurified and purified FOS substrates, which were a mixture of 1-kestose, nystose and 1F-fructosylnystose, were supplemented into human faecal culture using a pH-controlled batch fermentation system and significantly increased the Bifidobacterium counts after 5 h fermentation, while Bacteroides/Prevotella counts were highest throughout 24 h fermentation. Meanwhile, Lactobacillus/Enterococcus exhibited a slight increase after 5 h fermentation before reaching a plateau afterwards. The steady Bacteroides/Prevotella growth and increased Bifidobacterium population promoted an increase in the production of short-chain fatty acids acetate (58 ± 2.70 mM), propionate (9.19 ± 5.94 mM) and butyrate (7.15 ± 2.28 mM). These results provide evidence that representative gut microbiota could utilise the enzymatically synthesised FOS to generate short-chain fatty acids as metabolites in pH-controlled conditions, thus FOS from SS are a potential prebiotic ingredient for foods and health drinks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  7. Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota
    Ma T, Jin H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Liong MT, Zhang H
    Neurobiol Stress, 2021 May;14:100294.
    PMID: 33511258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100294
    Stress has been shown to disturb the balance of human intestinal microbiota and subsequently causes mental health problems like anxiety and depression. Our previous study showed that ingesting the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum P-8, for 12 weeks could alleviate stress and anxiety of stressed adults. The current study was a follow-up work aiming to investigate the functional role of the gut metagenomes in the observed beneficial effects. The fecal metagenomes of the probiotic (n = 43) and placebo (n = 36) receivers were analyzed in depth. The gut microbiomes of the placebo group at weeks 0 and 12 showed a significantly greater Aitchison distance (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  8. Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Parkinson Disease: New Clinicobiological Insights from Multi-Omics
    Tan AH, Chong CW, Lim SY, Yap IKS, Teh CSJ, Loke MF, et al.
    Ann Neurol, 2021 03;89(3):546-559.
    PMID: 33274480 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25982
    OBJECTIVE: Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance.

    METHODS: Two hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

    RESULTS: Fecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR-based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR-based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N-oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability-gait disorder scores.

    INTERPRETATION: Gut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut-brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546-559.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
  9. Diet-related gut microbial metabolites and sensing in hypertension
    R Muralitharan R, Marques FZ
    J Hum Hypertens, 2021 02;35(2):162-169.
    PMID: 32733062 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0388-3
    Advances in sequencing technology have increased our understanding of the composition of the gut microbiota and their contribution to health and disease states, including in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The gut microbiota is heavily influenced by diet and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from various food sources. SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, have been shown to have blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis lowering properties, while TMAO has been associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular adverse events and mortality. Some of these metabolites have known ligands (for example, SCFA receptors such as GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, and Olf78 in mice/OR51E2 in humans) which could potentially be manipulated as therapeutic targets for hypertension. In this review, we discuss several types of diet-related gut microbial metabolites and their sensing mechanisms that are relevant for hypertension, and the future directions for the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  10. Fulltext Microbiome and ischemic stroke: A systematic review
    Lee YT, Mohd Ismail NI, Wei LK
    PLoS One, 2021;16(1):e0245038.
    PMID: 33439913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245038
    BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that contribute to the significant number of deaths worldwide. However, the relationship between microbiome and ischemic stroke remained unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to perform systematic review on the relationship between human microbiome and ischemic stroke.

    METHODS: A systematic review on ischemic stroke was carried out for all articles obtained from databases until 22nd October 2020. Main findings were extracted from all the eligible studies.

    RESULTS: Eighteen eligible studies were included in the systematic review. These studies suggested that aging, inflammation, and different microbial compositions could contribute to ischemic stroke. Phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes also appeared to manipulate post-stroke outcome. The important role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide in ischemic stroke were also highlighted.

    CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review that investigates the relationship between microbiome and ischemic stroke. Aging and inflammation contribute to differential microbial compositions and predispose individuals to ischemic stroke.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism*
  11. Microbial Peer Pressure: The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Hypertension and Its Complications
    Muralitharan RR, Jama HA, Xie L, Peh A, Snelson M, Marques FZ
    Hypertension, 2020 12;76(6):1674-1687.
    PMID: 33012206 DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14473
    There is increasing evidence of the influence of the gut microbiota on hypertension and its complications, such as chronic kidney disease, stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. This is not surprising considering that the most common risk factors for hypertension, such as age, sex, medication, and diet, can also impact the gut microbiota. For example, sodium and fermentable fiber have been studied in relation to both hypertension and the gut microbiota. By combining second- and, now, third-generation sequencing with metabolomics approaches, metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, and their producers, have been identified and are now known to affect host physiology and the cardiovascular system. The receptors that bind these metabolites have also been explored with positive findings-examples include known short-chain fatty acid receptors, such as G-protein coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, and OLF78 in mice. GPR41 and OLF78 have been shown to have inverse roles in blood pressure regulation, whereas GPR43 and GPR109A have to date been demonstrated to impact cardiac function. New treatment options in the form of prebiotics (eg, dietary fiber), probiotics (eg, Lactobacillus spp.), and postbiotics (eg, the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have all been demonstrated to be beneficial in lowering blood pressure in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and translation to hypertensive patients is still lacking. Here, we review the evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in hypertension, its risk factors, and cardiorenal complications and identify future directions for this exciting and fast-evolving field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism*
  12. Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from sago hampas by Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 for bioelectricity generation using microbial fuel cells
    Jenol MA, Ibrahim MF, Kamal Bahrin E, Abd-Aziz S
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2020 Nov;43(11):2027-2038.
    PMID: 32572569 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02391-9
    Sago hampas is a starch-based biomass from sago processing industries consisted of 58% remaining starch. This study has demonstrated the bioconversion of sago hampas to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 via anaerobic digestion. Higher total VFAs were obtained from sago hampas (5.04 g/L and 0.287 g/g) as compared to commercial starch (5.94 g/L and 0.318 g/g). The physical factors have been investigated for the enhancement of VFAs production using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT). The optimum condition; 3% substrate concentration, 3 g/L of yeast extract concentration and 2 g/L of ammonium nitrate enhanced the production of VFAs by 52.6%, resulted the total VFAs produced is 7.69 g/L with the VFAs yield of 0.451 g/g. VFAs hydrolysate produced successfully generated 273.4 mV of open voltage circuit and 61.5 mW/m2 of power density in microbial fuel cells. It was suggested that sago hampas provide as an alternative carbon feedstock for bioelectricity generation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/biosynthesis*
  13. Fulltext Hummingbird-Leaves-Reared Black Soldier Fly Prepupae: Assessment of Nutritional and Heavy Metal Compositions
    Kuppusamy G, Kong CK, Segaran GC, Tarmalingam E, Herriman M, Ismail MF, et al.
    Biology (Basel), 2020 Sep 05;9(9).
    PMID: 32899563 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090274
    Black soldier fly (BSF) larva is an attractive animal feed replacer due to its noticeable nutritional content. However, the conventional rearing method often resulted in BSF with undesirably high heavy metal residues that are harmful to animals. In this work, putrefied Sesbania grandiflora (S. Grandiflora) leaves were employed as feed to rear BSF larvae. The resultant BSF prepupae were found to contain 43.5% protein and 16.7% fat, reflecting a comparable protein content and a 2-fold reduction in crude fat than those reared using conventional kitchen waste. Moreover, high quantities of arginine (25.4 g/kg dry matter basis (DM)), carnitine (32.9 g/kg DM), and short-chain fatty acids, including lauric (40.00%), palmitic (19.20%), and oleic (12.10%) acids, have also been noticed in the BSF prepupae. Furthermore, the BSF larvae have been recorded with 0.185 mg/kg chromium, 0.380 mg/kg selenium, and mercury below the detection limit, which is far lower than those reared using conventional kitchen and agricultural wastes (≈1.7 mg/kg chromium, 1.2 mg/kg selenium, and 0.2 mg/kg mercury). Overall, the study shows that the nutritional quality of BSF prepupae is extensively improved when using S. Grandiflora as their feed. The resultant BSF prepupae may serve as an alternative feed for animal rearing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  14. Influence of roxithromycin as antibiotic residue on volatile fatty acids recovery in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge
    Chen H, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Yang X, Lam SS, Wang D
    J Hazard Mater, 2020 07 15;394:122570.
    PMID: 32244145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122570
    The removal of antibiotics and resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants has attracted widespread attention, but the potential role of residual antibiotics in the disposal of waste activated sludge (WAS) has not been clearly understood. In this study, the effect of roxithromycin (ROX) on volatile fatty acid (VFA) recovery from WAS anaerobic fermentation was investigated. The experimental results showed that ROX made a positive contribution to the production of VFAs. With the increase of ROX dosages from 0 to 100 mg/kg TSS, the maximum accumulation of VFAs increased from 295 to 610 mg COD/L. Mechanism studies revealed that ROX promoted the solubilization of WAS by facilitating the disruption of extracellular polymeric substances. In addition, ROX enhanced the activity of acetate kinase and inhibited the activities of α-glucosidase and coenzyme F420, and showed a stronger inhibitory effect on methane production than the hydrolysis process, thus resulting in an increase in VFA accumulation. These findings provide a new insight for the role of antibiotics in anaerobic fermentation of WAS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile*
  15. Fulltext Characterization and stability of short-chain fatty acids modified starch Pickering emulsions
    Abdul Hadi N, Marefati A, Matos M, Wiege B, Rayner M
    Carbohydr Polym, 2020 Jul 15;240:116264.
    PMID: 32475554 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116264
    Acetylated, propionylated and butyrylated rice and quinoa starches at different levels of modification and starch concentrations, were used to stabilize oil-in-water starch Pickering emulsions at 10% oil fraction. Short-chain fatty acid modified starch Pickering emulsions (SPEs) were characterized after emulsification and after 50 days of storage. The particle size distribution, microstructure, emulsion index, and stability were evaluated. An increase in starch concentration led to a decrease of emulsion droplet sizes. Quinoa starch has shown the capability of stabilizing Pickering emulsions in both the native and modified forms. The emulsifying capacity of SPEs was improved by increasing the chain length of SCFA. Modified quinoa starch with higher chain lengths (i.e. propionylated and butyrylated), at higher levels of modification, showed higher emulsion index (>71%) and stability over the entire 50 days storage. At optimized formulation, SCFA-starch particles have the potential in stabilizing emulsions for functional foods, pharmaceutical formulations, or industrial food applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/chemistry*
  16. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation reveal the effect of different encapsulation materials on the release, degradation and modulation of gut microbiota of blueberry anthocyanin extract
    Wu Y, Han Y, Tao Y, Li D, Xie G, Show PL, et al.
    Food Res Int, 2020 06;132:109098.
    PMID: 32331662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109098
    In this study, four different selected wall materials (namely gelatin, soy protein isolate, maltodextrin and Arabic gum) were applied for blueberry anthocyanin extract encapsulation. The effect of these wall material types on the release and degradation of anthocyanin and the modulation of gut microbiota during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation were investigated. It was found that the encapsulation of anthocyanin extract using appropriate wall material could significantly enhance the colonic accessibility of anthocyanins. Soy protein isolate and gelatin delayed the release of anthocyanins, whereas the other two wall materials displayed no significant effect on the release time of anthocyanins. Gut microbiota mainly metabolized some phenolic compounds such as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid. Meanwhile, different fermented anthocyanin extract microcapsule broth could significantly decrease the composition and abundance of Firmicutes and increase that of Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the presence of anthocyanin extract microcapsules, especially those encapsulated with soy protein isolate, promoted the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids by gut microbiota. It is concluded that, amongst the wall materials studied, soy protein isolate appeared to be a functional and suitable candidate to delay anthocyanin release and prevent disease through the promotion of gut health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
  17. Effects of Potential Probiotic Strains on the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites of D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet
    Lew LC, Hor YY, Jaafar MH, Lau AS, Khoo BY, Sasidharan S, et al.
    Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2020 06;12(2):545-562.
    PMID: 31301059 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09545-6
    Both aging and diet play an important role in influencing the gut ecosystem. Using premature senescent rats induced by D-galactose and fed with high-fat diet, this study aims to investigate the effects of different potential probiotic strains on the dynamic changes of fecal microbiome and metabolites. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected with D-galactose for 12 weeks to induce aging. The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7, L. fermentum DR9, and L. reuteri 8513d administration on the fecal microbiota profile, short-chain fatty acids, and water-soluble compounds were analyzed. It was found that the administration of the selected strains altered the gut microbiota diversity and composition, even at the phylum level. The fecal short-chain fatty acid content was also higher in groups that were administered with the potential probiotic strains. Analysis of the fecal water-soluble metabolites revealed that administration of L. plantarum DR7 and L. reuteri 8513d led to higher fecal content of compounds related to amino acid metabolism such as tryptophan, leucine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, valine, and lysine; while administration of L. fermentum DR9 led to higher prevalence of compounds related to carbohydrate metabolism such as erythritol, xylitol, and arabitol. In conclusion, it was observed that different strains of lactobacilli can cause difference alteration in the gut microbiota and the metabolites, suggesting the urgency to explore the specific metabolic impact of specific strains on the host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
  18. Selective adsorption and recovery of volatile fatty acids from fermented landfill leachate by activated carbon process
    Talebi A, Razali YS, Ismail N, Rafatullah M, Azan Tajarudin H
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Mar 10;707:134533.
    PMID: 31865088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134533
    An adsorption-desorption process was applied on fermented landfill leachate to adsorb and recover acetic and butyric acid, using activated carbon. In this study, the first, volatile fatty acids adsorption process from fermented leachate was optimized, by investigating various affecting factors such as pH, time, agitation speed, activated carbon dosage, and temperature. The optimum condition for maximum adsorption of 88.94% acetic acid and 98.53% butyric acid, was 19.79 %wt activated carbon dosage, 40.00 rpm of agitation speed, in 9.45 °C and contact time of 179.89 h, while the pH of the substrate was kept fixed at pH:3.0. Results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and zeta potential revealed that carbon is the dominant component in the adsorbent with a significant effect to remove organic impurities, and it was observed that the activated carbon after the adsorption process showed an amorphous structure peak with a large internal surface area and pore volume. The results exposed that the adsorption on the surface of activated carbon was due to the chemisorption, and the chemisorption mechanism was supported by covalent bonding. The kinetic study displayed excellent fit to Pseudo-second order kinetics model. The second phase of this study was to recover the adsorbed VFAs using multistage desorption unit, in which application of deionized water and ethanol (as desorption agents) resulted in 89.1% of acetic acid and 67.8% of the butyric acid recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  19. Exploring the potency of integrating semi-batch operation into lipid yield performance of Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03
    Tan CH, Show PL, Ling TC, Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Chen WH, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Aug;285:121331.
    PMID: 30999192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121331
    Third generation biofuels, also known as microalgal biofuels, are promising alternatives to fossil fuels. One attractive option is microalgal biodiesel as a replacement for diesel fuel. Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03 was previously optimized for maximal lipid production for biodiesel generation, achieving biomass growth and productivity of 3.48 ± 0.04 g/L and 0.43 ± 0.01 g/L/d, with lipid content and productivity of 28.6 ± 1.41% and 124.1 ± 7.57 mg/L/d. In this study, further optimization using 5% CO2 concentration and semi-batch operation with 25% medium replacement ratio, enhanced the biomass growth and productivity to 4.15 ± 0.12 g/L and 1.23 ± 0.02 g/L/d, with lipid content and productivity of 19.4 ± 2.0% and 239.6 ± 24.8 mg/L/d. The major fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). These short-chain FAMEs combined with high growth make Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03 a suitable candidate for biodiesel synthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  20. Fulltext Diet-induced metabolic changes of the human gut microbiome: importance of short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles
    Abdul Rahim MBH, Chilloux J, Martinez-Gili L, Neves AL, Myridakis A, Gooderham N, et al.
    Acta Diabetol, 2019 May;56(5):493-500.
    PMID: 30903435 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01312-x
    The human gut is a home for more than 100 trillion bacteria, far more than all other microbial populations resident on the body's surface. The human gut microbiome is considered as a microbial organ symbiotically operating within the host. It is a collection of different cell lineages that are capable of communicating with each other and the host and has an ability to undergo self-replication for its repair and maintenance. As the gut microbiota is involved in many host processes including growth and development, an imbalance in its ecological composition may lead to disease and dysfunction in the human. Gut microbial degradation of nutrients produces bioactive metabolites that bind target receptors, activating signalling cascades, and modulating host metabolism. This review covers current findings on the nutritional and pharmacological roles of selective gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles, as well as discussing nutritional interventions to modulate the microbiome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile/administration & dosage*
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