Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 152 in total

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  1. A holistic (Horney) approach to the psychoses: the schizophrenias. I. Sociocultural, developmental and psychogenetic factors
    Rubins JL
    Am J Psychoanal, 1969;29(2):131-46.
    PMID: 4900056
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  2. The principles of snakebite treatment
    Reid HA
    Clin. Toxicol., 1970 Sep;3(3):473-82.
    PMID: 5520050
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  3. Modern influences on the breast feeding decision
    Lee M
    Family Practitioner, 1977;2:64-66.
    Some of the factors that could contribute towards influencing a mother's decision on breast-feeding and its success were discussed. One of the most important of such factors is the information and encouragement a mother receives, or fails to receive, when she needs it most. Such information, which is mostly non-medical, includes the technique of breast-feeding. Some of the negative influences on breast-feeding discussed include old wives' tales about diet and elements secreted through the mother's milk, the fear of losing one's figure, the fear by working mothers that breast-feeding is impossible to manage, the hospital practice of separating the mother and new-born for the first 24 hours, the shyness of breast-feeding babies in front of others, the lack of confidence in their own efficiency in breast-feeding, and the belief that breast-feeding is inconvenient. Some of the positive influences which can help towards successful preast-feeding are assistance and support from Breast-feeding Associations, a supportive husband and family, and the physician who makes a point of spending a few minutes to encourage his patient to breast-feed her forthcoming infant. The author called for combined efforts towards the restoration of breast-feeding as every infant's basic right.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  4. Awareness and acceptance of the hepatitis B vaccine by dental practitioners in Malaysia
    Yaacob HB, Samaranayake LP
    J Oral Pathol Med, 1989 Apr;18(4):236-9.
    PMID: 2769596
    A postal survey of 730 Malaysian dental practitioners was undertaken to assess their awareness and acceptance of the plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. Only 32% of the 325 practitioners who responded had been vaccinated, 41% intended to be and 15% categorically refused vaccination. The main reservations about vaccine acceptance were fear of side effects including AIDS, cost of the vaccine and lack of information. Vaccine efficacy was not confirmed by serology in two-thirds of the vaccinees and two-fifths of the respondents were unaware that 5% of the vaccinees do not develop a successful antibody response after vaccination. Seventy-eight percent of dentists believed that their risk of contracting hepatitis B was high or very high while 71% recalled having received needle stick injuries in the 3 yr prior to the survey. Only 13% of respondents were aware of delta hepatitis while 63% were aware of non-A non-B hepatitis. The survey has highlighted the need for dissemination of information on hepatitis B vaccine among dentists in Malayasia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  5. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear in children in Singapore
    Chellappah NK, Vignehsa H, Milgrom P, Lam LG
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1990 Oct;18(5):269-71.
    PMID: 2249413
    505 primary school children in Singapore aged 10-14 were surveyed regarding fear of the dentist. Sixty-eight children were classified as having high fear, giving a sex and race adjusted population prevalence rate of 177 fearful children per 1000 population. Females were 2.64 times more fearful than males. There were no significant racial differences in the prevalence rate. Children with high state anxiety are almost three times as likely to report dental fear as those with low state anxiety. Children with trait anxiety scores above the population mean were just as likely as those reporting below the mean to be fearful. Access to dental care is an important intervening variable in dental fear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear*
  6. Responding to local needs. Self-help groups
    Jayaseelan J
    AIDS Action, 1993 Mar-May;[nil](20):4.
    PMID: 12288933
    PIP: Pink Triangle, the only community-based group in Malaysia which works with men who have sex with men, took initial steps in August 1992 to establish a self-help project for people who are HIV-seropositive. Supporting people who are HIV-positive and fighting for their rights is new in Malaysia. The group has thus far been publicized through its public education events, hospitals, and other nongovernmental organizations. For the first time, information is being published specifically by and for people living with HIV/AIDS. The project also has a phone line to allow people to speak anonymously with someone who shares their experience. Many callers are men who have sex with men in the social context of intense prejudice and discrimination. Afraid to openly acknowledge their sexuality with strangers, the callers have yet to accede to meeting each other face-to-face in a group setting. The author notes in closing that Pink Triangle must be realistic about what can be achieved in Malaysia and allow the group to develop according to people's needs and not on the basis of a model imported from outside of the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear*
  7. Fulltext Dentists Perception of their Patients in Malaysia
    Razak, I.A.
    Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    A postal questionnaire concerning the Malaysian dentists' attitudes towards their patients yielded a 73.1% response rate. The results of this study indicated that a majority of dentists felt that patients had more negative than positive attributes. Private practitioners attributed more negative traits to their patients than their public sector colleaques. About 88% of dentists indicated that the most negative patient attribute was fear of pain. Fear of pain was perceived to be stronger than fear of the dentist (62.2%). likewise the patients' inability to seek treatment soon enough (78.4%), to come for regular check-up (72.7%) and to follow advice on personal oral hygiene(70.1%) were worrisome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  8. Common fears of patients undergoing bronchoscopy
    Poi PJ, Chuah SY, Srinivas P, Liam CK
    Eur Respir J, 1998 May;11(5):1147-9.
    PMID: 9648970
    In the world of medical literature, little has been reported about the fears of patients undergoing bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify the common fears of patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy and to determine whether any factors might contribute to reducing these fears. One hundred and four consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy were interviewed. Sixty one patients expressed fear about the procedure, as follows: afraid of pain (33); afraid of breathing difficulties (11); afraid of oropharyngeal irritation (5); afraid of the bronchoscopy findings (2); afraid of sedation, cross-infection and nasal lignocaine spray, respectively (3); and unable to be specific (7). There was no difference between the "no fear" and "fearful" groups in ethnicity, source of referral, education, previous endoscopy, doctors' explanation and the patients' understanding of the procedure and its indication. "Fearful" patients were significantly younger (t=2.082, p=0.037) and female (chi2=4.180, p=0.038). Doctors were more likely to explain the indication for bronchoscopy than how it would be performed (chi2=6.403; p=0.011), and patients were more likely to understand why they needed a bronchoscopy than how it would be performed (chi2=21.505; p<0.001). Fear preceding bronchoscopy is independent of patients' demographic features except for age and gender. Doctors tend to explain "why" but not "how" the procedure is performed. Provision of detailed information about sensations that are likely to be experienced in bronchoscopy could be used to allay some of these common fears.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear*
  9. Psychiatric morbidity of migrant workers in Malaysia - For IRPA study on health problems of foreign worker
    Mohd Hussain H
    JUMMEC, 2002;1:62-66.
    Malaysia has been swamped by migrant workers from nearby countries like Indonesia, Phillipine and also Bangladesh since 1980's. The main pulling forces which motivated them to migrate to Malaysia are better economy, political stability and religious freedom in Malaysia. Another way of classifying migration pattern is to divide it into push and pull migration or a combination of the two. Pull migrants are those who migrate to obtain better economic opportunity while push migrants are those who try to run away from being prosecuted or due to fear of political and religious suppression. Whatever the push and the pull factors, they are bound to encounter some acculturation challenges. This will inevitably produce certain psychological sequelae. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the point prevalence of psychiatric morbidity experienced by the migrant population. The psychological impact of push and pull migrations is fundamentally distinct. There were significant numbers of migrants admitted to University Hospital psychiatric units who suffered from psychological distress and para suicide. The reasons for these problems are multi-faceted. Hence, another purpose of this study was to investigate factors which make them to be at risk of developing psychiatric morbidity. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for making recommendations to the government of the rationale to include psychological assessment as one of the important components in the pre-employment selection criteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  10. Exploring terminally ill patients' and their families' perceptions of holistic care in Malaysia
    Loh KY
    Int J Palliat Nurs, 2006 Jan;12(1):38-41.
    PMID: 16493304 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2006.12.1.20396
    AIM: To document the perception of terminally ill patients and their family members on the care provided to them, and to look at the components of holistic care that are viewed as inadequate.
    METHODS: Thirty cancer patients from a 10-bed palliative ward and their family members who were the chief carers were interviewed. They were asked to give their perceptions on four major areas of care: physical, social, psychological and spiritual. The participants were asked to report which area(s) of the service were inadequate.
    RESULTS: Most patients and family members perceived that they received adequate physical care. However, the psychosocial and spiritual aspect of care were perceived as inadequate by the majority of patients and their families. None of the patients interviewed had ever been asked about spiritual distress.
    CONCLUSION: The holistic model of care in caring for terminally ill patients is not practised fully. Further development in the psychosocial and spiritual aspects of care is necessary. There is a need to conduct further research to address these domains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  11. A nationwide survey on the knowledge and attitudes of Malaysian optometry students on patients' visual experiences during cataract surgery
    Tan CS, Chen AH, Au Eong KG
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2006 Feb;35(2):72-6.
    PMID: 16565757
    INTRODUCTION: During cataract surgery under regional (retrobulbar, peribulbar or sub- Tenon's) or topical anaesthesia, many patients experience a variety of visual sensations in their operated eye intraoperatively. Between 3% and 16.2% of patients are frightened by their intraoperative visual experiences, which may increase the risk of intraoperative complications and affect patients' satisfaction with the surgery. This study aims to determine optometry students' beliefs and knowledge of visual sensations experienced by patients during cataract surgery under regional and topical anaesthesia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nationwide survey of all Malaysian optometry students using a standardised, self-administered questionnaire.

    RESULTS: All 129 optometry students participated in the survey, giving a 100% response rate. Overall, 26.4% and 29.5% of the students believed that patients undergoing cataract surgery under regional and topical anaesthesia, respectively, may experience no light perception, while 78.3% and 72.9%, respectively, thought that patients would experience light perception. Many respondents also believed that patients might experience a variety of other visual sensations. Of all respondents, 70.5% and 74.4% of students believed that patients undergoing cataract surgery under regional and topical anaesthesia, respectively, may be frightened by their visual experience and 93.0% and 85.3%, respectively, felt that preoperative counselling might help to alleviate this fear.

    CONCLUSION: Many optometry students are aware that patients might encounter a variety of visual sensations during cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. A high proportion of students believe that patients may experience fear as a result of the intraoperative visual sensations and felt that preoperative counselling would be helpful.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  12. Fulltext Impact of a spreading epidemic on medical students
    Loh LC, Ali AM, Ang TH, Chelliah A
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):30-6.
    PMID: 22589602 MyJurnal
    The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) had caused fear and anxiety of unprecedented proportion. To examine the impact of SARS on the medical students in a private medical university, a self-reporting questionnaire study was carried out to assess the factual knowledge, anxiety level and perception of the crisis, among the students. The two-week study (between 12 and 23 May, 2003) was carried out three weeks after the first reported SARS-related death in Malaysia. Ninety-one Phase I (junior) and 113 Phase II (senior) students completed the questionnaires. A large majority of students of Phase I and II were correct in their factual knowledge and were sensible in their perception of the future and the handling of the crisis by government(s). However, phase 1 students expressed significantly greater degree of anxiety compared to Phase II in relation to attendance and personal protection in hospital, and in meeting people coughing in public places. The lesser degree of anxiety expressed by phase II senior students may be due in part, to a more realistic assessment of SARS risk brought about by maturity, time spent in hospital and interaction with clinical lecturers and medical staff.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  13. Fulltext Effect of intervention on pap smear screening among rural women in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
    Asmani AR, Aziah D, Group 8
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2006;6(1):38-43.
    MyJurnal
    Cervical cancer is preventable by detecting precancerous states through Pap smear screening, followed by appropriate treatment. In Malaysia, even with a high incidence of cervical cancer and accessible screening program, the uptake of Pap smear screening was still low. Lack of knowledge, embarrassment, fear for the test and results are the factors reducing participation. The aim of this study was to determine the change in knowledge and attitude regarding the Pap smear screening as well as knowledge on cervical cancer among women in Mukim ]aya Setia after educational intervention. A community trial was conducted in August 2005 where 80 women were randomly selected. The women were interviewed for assessment prior to the intervention, using a set of structured questionnaire. The women underwent educational intervention programmes on cervical cancer and Pap smear screening. After a week, the women were re-assessed using the same set of questionnaire for their post intervention knowledge and attitudes. Scores were given for each answer, which were totaled and analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 41.1 (10.37) years. Most were housewives (87.5%), within the low income group (91.2%), of less than RM 1000.00 income per household. Most of the women received their education up to the secondary level only (97.5%). Despite their poor economic status, most of them had more than three children (68.8%). There was a significant improvement in knowledge of Pap smear (mean difference= 4.3, 95% CI= 3.55, 5.10) and cervical cancer (mean difference= 10.7, 95% CI= 10.03, 11.37) as well as attitude to Pap smear (mean difference= 7.1, 95% CI= 5.72, 8.47) after educational intervention. The knowledge and attitudes towards Pap smear screening as well as knowledge on cervical cancer among rural women in Mukim ]aya Setia, Kota Bharu improved after educational intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  14. Fulltext Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: would you do it?
    Liew SM
    Malays Fam Physician, 2006;1(2):91-93.
    PMID: 27570598 MyJurnal
    Recommend that the following measures be applied universally: CPR training should emphasize the very low risk of disease transmission. Training in the use of barrier mask should be included; Oral barrier devices should be made freely available in hospital and in public areas e.g. hotels, theaters, health clubs and restaurants. A survey among health personnel in Malaysia conducted in 2005 found that nearly half of the 4989 subjects were either not confident at all or unsure about their ability in giving first-aid and CPR.13 The investigators however did not look at fear of infection in particular.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  15. Fulltext The Health Status of Muslim Women with HIV/AIDS in Arab Countries
    Salih, F.A.M., Haque, Q.M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-5.
    MyJurnal
    The number of people worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) is more than 40 million, among them 17.7 millions are women (UNAIDS/WHO, 2006) The latest report from the Eastern Mediterranean Region shows that at least one million people are infected with HIV; among them 30% are women. The great majority of reported cases in the Region are men. However, the ratio of men to women cases varies in different countries. It ranges between “9:1 (as for example in Egypt), to 2:1” (as in Morocco and some parts of Yemen). Due to religious, social and cultural values regarding female purity, women and girls living with HIV and AIDS are subjected to greater discrimination than men. WHO reports show that a large percentage of the infected women in Arab countries have contacted the infection from their husbands especially migrants and drug abusers. In Arab countries, studies conducted show that 86% of women choose not to disclose their status of infection for the fear of abandonment, rejection, discrimination, violence, upsetting family members, and accusations of infidelity from their partners, families, and communities. As a result, many women only seek help at the last minute when they are already been terminally ill. Violence against women and girls in its different forms increases women's vulnerability to HIV infection and undermines AIDS control efforts. The fear of violence prevents many women from accessing HIV information, from getting testing and seeking treatment. Stigma and discrimination may also prevent them from carrying out their normal life activities. When women are blamed, this can lead to heightened levels of sexual and domestic violence, abandonment by families and communities, forced abortion or sterilization, dismissal from employment and loss of livelihood opportunities. A study of AIDS-related discrimination in Arab region found that over ten percent of women had lost financial support from family members since being diagnosed as HIV positive. There is a great deal of evidence to establish the significant link between gender-based violence and rising rates of HIV infection among women and girls throughout the world. HIV-positive women must be supported to make their own reproductive choices about whether and/or when to have children. Promote male involvement in sexual and reproductive health programmes. Finally the stigma, discrimination and violations must be stopped.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  16. Fulltext Anxiety and Depression among Patients Before and After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) at National Heart Institute (NHI)
    Ho, Siew Eng, Syed Zulkifli Syed, Lexshimi RG, Raja, Hamidah Hassan, Letchmi, Santhna, Teoh, Koi Hong, et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):26-33.
    MyJurnal
    Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an invasive diagnostic investigation that may result in high level of anxiety and “fear of the unknown” among cardiac patients. An increment in anxiety among PCI patients will augment the level of stress and this extreme stress level will then aggravate depression. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of anxiety and depression before and after PCI. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. It measured two elements, namely, the anxiety and depression levels of patients before and after PCI. This study was conducted in the cardiology wards Anggerik and Dahlia, and Day Care of the National Heart Institute, from January to February 2006.  A sample of 61 patients before and after PCI who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Of these, 40 and 38 patients before and after PCI respectively, had low anxiety levels; while, 47 and 46 patients before and after PCI respectively, had low depression levels. Anxiety and depression levels before and after PCI were not significantly correlated to socio demographic status. However, a significant correlation (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  17. Fulltext Neonatal conjunctivitis: a review
    Mallika P.S., Asokumaran T, Faisal H. A., Aziz S, Tan A. K., Intan G
    Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(2):77-81.
    MyJurnal
    Ophthalmia neonatorum remains a significant cause of ocular morbidity, blindness and even death in underdeveloped countries. The organisms causing ophthalmia neonatorum are acquired mainly from the mother's birth canal during delivery and a small percentage of cases are acquired by other ways. Chlamydia and Neisseria are the most common pathogens responsible for the perinatal infection. Fortunately in most cases, laboratory studies can identify the causative organism and unlike other form of conjunctivitis, this perinatal ocular infection has to be treated with systemic antibiotics to prevent systemic colonization of the organism. Routine prophylaxis with 1% silver nitrate solution (credes method) has been discontinued in many developed nations for the fear of development of chemical conjunctivitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  18. Fulltext Dissociative identity disorder: an attempt to understand the disorder in Malaysian context
    Jambunathan, Stephen T., Gill, Jesjeet Singh, Kanagasundram, Sharmilla, Koh, Ong Hui
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;9(2):118-125.
    MyJurnal
    Dissociation, including multiple personality disorder, has long been a controversial topic. Patients with suggestive symptoms are often misdiagnosed as malingering or even having
    schizophrenia. The former as a result of the overlooking of a clinician on the fact that suggestibility itself plays a key role in the emergence and perpetuation of this illness and the latter due to the lack of knowledge of the whole dissociative disorder spectrum, often resembling that of a psychotic disorder. Another contributing factor to the small number of patients with this diagnosis is due to the reluctance of a psychiatrist to do so because of his/her lack of experience and also fear of humiliation of being accused of seeking fame from diagnosing this somewhat glamorous phenomenon. In Malaysia, various culture bound syndromes often present with similar symptoms too. This article will attempt to understand this dissociation on the local context using case studies as a reference point.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  19. Fulltext Dental fear and utilisation behaviour among antenatal mothers in Seremban district
    Savithri, N.V., Esa, R.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):27-32.
    MyJurnal
    Dental fear is a hindrance to the effective provision of oral health care and causes patients to delay, or even avoid necessary care altogether. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of dental fear, to identify specific fear provoking stimuli and also to explore the avoidance behaviour among the respondents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 407 antenatal mothers utilizing the Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey Questionnaire. The overall prevalence of dental fear was 94.1% of which 67.6% of the subjects reported low fear levels, 26.5% were moderately fearful while none were highly fearful. Only 5.9% of the subjects reported no fear. The drill and anaesthetic needle were identified as the most fear provoking objects. Subjects with moderate fear were about 6.4 times (OR=6.39; 95%CI 3.81-10.75) more likely to avoid making appointments and 6 times (OR=6.05; 95% CI 3.20-11.50) more likely to cancel appointments compared to subjects with lower levels of fear. This. study indicates that dental fear is a common problem among antenatal mothers contributing to poor dental attendance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
  20. Fulltext Crating and heat stress influence blood parameters and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens showing short or long tonic immobility reactions
    Zulkifli I, Al-Aqil A, Omar AR, Sazili AQ, Rajion MA
    Poult Sci, 2009 Mar;88(3):471-6.
    PMID: 19211514 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00287
    Two hundred thirty-five 1-d-old broiler chickens showing short or long tonic immobility responses were classified as low fear (LF) or high fear (HF) responders, respectively. On d 41, they were subjected to either crating or heat challenge (34 +/- 1 degrees C) for 3 h and its effect on plasma corticosterone concentration, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in brain tissue were determined. Crating and heat exposure elevated heterophil/lymphocyte ratios in both LF and HF birds. Circulating corticosterone, however, was greater in HF than LF birds after crating and heat challenge. Although differences between fear responder group for HSP 70 were negligible before heat challenge, after 3 h of heat exposure, the response was greater for the HF than the LF group. Both LF and HF showed similar increases in HSP 70 after crating.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fear
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