Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 81 in total

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  1. Fulltext Evaluation of DNA and RNA extraction methods
    Edwin Shiaw CS, Shiran MS, Cheah YK, Tan GC, Sabariah AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):133-7.
    PMID: 23756798 MyJurnal
    This study was done to evaluate various DNA and RNA extractions from archival FFPE tissues. A total of 30 FFPE blocks from the years of 2004 to 2006 were assessed with each modified and adapted method. Extraction protocols evaluated include the modified enzymatic extraction method (Method A), Chelex-100 extraction method (Method B), heat-induced retrieval in alkaline solution extraction method (Methods C and D) and one commercial FFPE DNA Extraction kit (Qiagen, Crawley, UK). For RNA extraction, 2 extraction protocols were evaluated including the enzymatic extraction method (Method 1), and Chelex-100 RNA extraction method (Method 2). Results show that the modified enzymatic extraction method (Method A) is an efficient DNA extraction protocol, while for RNA extraction, the enzymatic method (Method 1) and the Chelex-100 RNA extraction method (Method 2) are equally efficient RNA extraction protocols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin Embedding*
  2. Fulltext Fleet enema: a straight up method of management in tar burn injuries
    Farrah-Hani, I., Mohamed Sam-Aan, H., K., Enda, Srijit D.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(2):321-326.
    MyJurnal
    Lecuran tar, walaupun dikelaskan sebagai kecederaan kimia, disebabkan oleh perbezaan mekanisma kecederaan dan kesukaran untuk mengeluarkan agen daripada kulit tanpa menyebabkan kerosakan kulit dengan lebih lanjutnya, merupakan satu masalah yang sukar untuk diselesaikan. Terutamanya, apabila pesakit pediatrik terlibat. Lecuran tar biasanya merupakan kecederaan pekerjaan dan kebanyakannya berlaku kepada lelaki dewasa. Dua kes dibentangkan di sini, seorang budak lelaki berusia enam tahun dan seorang gadis berusia 15 tahun yang mengalami luka lecuhan tar dan berjaya dirawat dengan menggunakan enema minyak mineral Fleet® dan paraffin tulle Bactigras®, yang mudah didapati di kebanyakan hospital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  3. Fulltext Fast Melt Cocoa Butter Tablet: Effect of Waxes, Starch, and PEG 6000 on Physical Properties of the Preparation
    Liew KB, Ming LC, Goh BH, Peh KK
    Molecules, 2022 May 13;27(10).
    PMID: 35630605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103128
    A fast melt tablet (FMT) is well regarded as an alternative delivery system that might help resolve a patient's non-compliance issue. The main objective of this study was to develop a cocoa butter-based FMT. Additives, namely 5-15% of PEG 6000, beeswax, paraffin wax, and corn starch, were incorporated into the cocoa butter-based FMT to study the effects of these additives with the physical characteristic of a cocoa butter FMT. An optimum-based formulation was chosen according to the desired hardness and disintegration time and the taste masking property achieved with the model drug-dapoxetine. The analysis demonstrated that incorporating beeswax (15%) and paraffin wax (15%) could prolong the disintegration time by at least two-fold. On the contrary, the presence of corn starch was found to cause an increase in the hardness and reduction of the disintegration time. The disintegration mechanism might be presumed due to the synergistic effect of starch swelling and cocoa butter melting. The hardness value and in vitro disintegration time of the optimum formulation were recorded at 2.93 ± 0.22 kg and 151.67 ± 6.98 s. In terms of dissolution, 80% of dapoxetine was released within 30 min and the dissolution profile was comparable to the innovator product. The formulation was palatable and stable for at least 1 year. The exposure of the FMT formulation at 30 °C for 12 months was reported to be stable. Along with the sound palatability profile and high drug load capacity, the current formulation possesses the desired characteristics to be scaled up and marketed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin*
  4. Fulltext Intra-operative frozen section consultation: concepts, applications and limitations
    Jaafar H
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jan;13(1):4-12.
    PMID: 22589584
    Intra-operative frozen section plays an important role in the management of surgical patients and yet it must be used prudently to avoid the indiscriminate usage of this important technique. As it is subjected to many limitations in comparison to the paraffin embedded tissue sections, this review aims to highlight the important concepts and principle of intra-operative frozen section consultation as well as discussing the limitations of this technique. This will then allow the endusers of this technique to be more informed and more selective in their decisions when requesting for a frozen section report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin Embedding
  5. Immunostaining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues for malignant lymphomas
    Lim YC, Phang KS, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 1992 Dec;14(2):85-9.
    PMID: 1304629
    With the advent of new monoclonal antibodies that are applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections, immunophenotyping is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and classification of lymphomas. However, multiple factors such as fixation, trypsinization and even type of antibodies used have certain effects on the final outcome of the staining procedure. In this paper we report our experience and the problems encountered in our laboratory when we first tried to establish a workable immunostaining protocol for formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections using the immunoalkaline phosphatase technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin Embedding*
  6. Fulltext Exploring Two Protocols of FISH Using Cytocell SYT-SSX Probe on Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue Sections
    Yajid AI, Mohd Nafi SN, Salehan NA, Tuan Sharif SE
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020 May 01;21(5):1241-1245.
    PMID: 32458628 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.5.1241
    BACKGROUND: Chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) is the cytogenetic hallmark of synovial sarcoma and have been identified as an alternative diagnostic strategy in differentiating synovial sarcoma from other histologic mimics. This study was carried out to test the efficacy of two FISH protocols using the SYT-SSX break apart probe from Cytocell.

    METHODOLOGY: Representative paraffin blocks of synovial sarcoma were utilized in this study. FISH study was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections using the SYT-SSX break apart probe from Cytocell, to detect two form of SYT-SSX transcript, SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2. FISH protocol, including the hybridization was done following two different protocols, Cytocell FISH protocol and Optimized Dako FISH protocol.

    RESULTS: Tissue samples subjected to FISH using Cytocell FISH protocol showed the absence of signal corresponding to the probe used. Utilizing Optimized Dako FISH protocol, the two signals (red and green) corresponding to the break-apart probes was detected. These findings suggested that Optimised Dako FISH protocol is more suited for use with the tested probe on paraffin embedded tissues in comparison to Cytocell FISH protocol.

    CONCLUSION: Optimised Dako FISH protocol was noted to be more suited for detecting SYT-SSX FISH signals on paraffin embedded tissues in comparison to Cytocell FISH protocol.

    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin; Paraffin Embedding
  7. Fulltext Molecular pathology quality control in Southeast Asia: Results of a multiregional quality assurance study from MASTER KEY Asia
    Okuma HS, Yoshida H, Kobayashi Y, Arakaki M, Mizoguchi C, Inagaki L, et al.
    Cancer Sci, 2023 Jun;114(6):2664-2673.
    PMID: 36919757 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15790
    Tissue specimen quality assurance is a major issue of precision medicine for rare cancers. However, the laboratory standards and quality of pathological specimens prepared in Asian hospitals remain unknown. To understand the methods in Southeast Asian oncology hospitals and to clarify how pre-analytics affect the quality of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens, a questionnaire surveying pre-analytical procedures (Part I) was administered, quality assessment of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and DNA/RNA extracted from the representative FFPE specimens from each hospital (Part II) was conducted, and the quality of DNA/RNA extracted from FFPE of rare-cancer patients for genomic sequencing (Part III) was examined. Quality measurements for DNA/RNA included ΔΔCt, DV200, and cDNA yield. Six major cancer hospitals from Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam participated. One hospital showed unacceptable quality for the DNA/RNA assessment, but improved by revising laboratory procedures. Only 57% (n = 73) of the 128 rare-cancer patients' specimens met both DNA and RNA quality criteria for next-generation sequencing. Median DV200 was 80.7% and 64.3% for qualified and failed RNA, respectively. Median ΔΔCt was 1.25 for qualified and 4.89 for failed DNA. Longer storage period was significantly associated with poor DNA (fail to qualify ratio = 1579:321 days, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin Embedding/methods
  8. Fulltext Evaluation of Seegene Anyplex II Performance for Detection of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cervical Cancer Specimens
    Haqshenas G, Molano M, Phillips S, Balgovind P, Garland SM, Hawkes D, et al.
    Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2024 Mar 01;148(3):353-358.
    PMID: 37226838 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0317-OA
    CONTEXT.—: Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues may identify the cause of lesions and has value for the development of new diagnostic assays and epidemiologic studies. Seegene Anyplex II assays are widely used for HPV screening, but their performance using FFPE samples has not been fully explored.

    OBJECTIVE.—: To validate Anyplex II HPV HR Detection (Anyplex II, Seegene) using FFPE samples.

    DESIGN.—: We used 248 stored DNA extracts from cervical cancer FFPE samples collected during 2005-2015 that tested HPV positive using the RHA kit HPV SPF10-LiPA25, v1 (SPF10, Labo Biomedical Products) HPV genotyping assay, manufacturer-validated for FFPE samples.

    RESULTS.—: Of the selected 248 samples, 243 were used in our analysis. Consistent with SPF10 genotyping results, Anyplex II detected all 12 oncogenic types and had an overall HPV detection rate of 86.4% (210 of 243 samples). Anyplex II and SPF10 showed very high agreement for the detection of the 2 most important oncogenic genotypes: HPV 16 (219 of 226; 96.9%; 95% CI, 93.7-98.75) and HPV 18 (221 of 226; 97.8%; 95% CI, 94.9-99.3).

    CONCLUSIONS.—: Overall results showed that both platforms produced comparable HPV genotyping results, indicating the suitability of Anyplex II for FFPE samples. The Anyplex II assay has the added convenience of being an efficient, single-well semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Further optimization of Anyplex II may enhance its performance using FFPE samples by improving the detection limit.

    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin Embedding/methods
  9. Fulltext Neutron spectrometry of thermal column by various filter/moderating materials at reactor TRIGA PUSPATI for BNCT research
    Mohd Rafi Mohd Solleh, Abdul Aziz Mohamed, Abd. Aziz Tajuddin, Faridah Idris, Mohamad Hairie Rabir, Muhammad Rawi Md Zin, et al.
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2017;12(2):88-93.
    MyJurnal
    Thermal neutron beam from thermal column was selected for a Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
    (BNCT) system utilizing the Malaysian TRIGA MARK II reactor. Determination of shielding
    materials for fast and epithermal neutron was conducted. The materials selected were polyethylene,
    paraffin and water. For gamma-ray shielding, lead was used. The objective of this paper is to present
    the simulation and verification of an optimal design of BNCT collimation at a beam. line viewing the
    thermal column. A collimator was made from polyethylene pipe with 8 cm of diameter filled with
    paraffin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  10. Fulltext Vacuum/compression valving (VCV) using parrafin-wax on a centrifugal microfluidic CD platform
    Al-Faqheri W, Ibrahim F, Thio TH, Moebius J, Joseph K, Arof H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(3):e58523.
    PMID: 23505528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058523
    This paper introduces novel vacuum/compression valves (VCVs) utilizing paraffin wax. A VCV is implemented by sealing the venting channel/hole with wax plugs (for normally-closed valve), or to be sealed by wax (for normally-open valve), and is activated by localized heating on the CD surface. We demonstrate that the VCV provides the advantages of avoiding unnecessary heating of the sample/reagents in the diagnostic process, allowing for vacuum sealing of the CD, and clear separation of the paraffin wax from the sample/reagents in the microfluidic process. As a proof of concept, the microfluidic processes of liquid flow switching and liquid metering is demonstrated with the VCV. Results show that the VCV lowers the required spinning frequency to perform the microfluidic processes with high accuracy and ease of control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  11. Fulltext Penile paraffinoma
    Manjit S, Vikramjit S, Clarence LC
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):361-2.
    PMID: 26988211 MyJurnal
    Penile augmentation with injection of paraffin is a common practice in South East Asia. Penile paraffinoma occurring due to injection of liquid paraffin to enhance the size of the penis is an uncommon condition. Normally, this procedure is carried out by nonmedical personnel, without the prior knowledge or consultation of any urologist. The occurrence of such a deforming procedure is not commonly known to the medical profession in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  12. Effect of mixing process parameters and suitability of backbone polymer for aluminum powder injection molding feedstock
    Abdullahi A, Choudhury I, Azuddin M, Nahar N
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:477-483.
    A suitable and cost-effective microfabrication technique for processing aluminum micropart is required, as the choice
    of aluminum microparts for aerospace, electronics and automobile components is preferred over other metals due to its
    excellent properties. Meanwhile, powder injection molding (PIM) is identified as an economical manufacturing technique
    for processing ceramic and micro-metal powders into microparts and or components. Therefore, this study investigates
    formulation and processing of aluminum PIM feedstock using a custom-made machine. The investigation is focused on
    the effect of mixing process parameters (powder loading, rotor speed and mixing temperature) and the suitability of
    the backbone polymer. The formulated PIM feedstock constituents are paraffin wax (PW), stearic acid (SA), high-density
    polyethylene (HDPE)/ medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) alternatively and aluminum micro-metal powder. Taguchi
    method is used for the design of experiments (DOEs) and analysis. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) is
    employed to develop empirical viscosity models. The optimum powder-binder mixing ratio of 58:42 vol. % with rotor
    speed of 43 rpm were determined for preparing aluminum PIM feedstock using mini-lab mixer developed. The empirical
    model developed for aluminum PIM feedstock viscosity shows a good fit with R2
    values of 0.84 using HDPE and 0.96 for
    MDPE binder system. This investigation demonstrates preparation and suitability of aluminum PIM feedstock using waxbased
    binder system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  13. Effects of Crude Palm Oil and Crude Palm Kernel Oil Upon Wax Inhibition
    Ragunathan T, Husin H, Wood CD
    ACS Omega, 2020 Aug 11;5(31):19342-19349.
    PMID: 32803027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00753
    The ever-increasing demand for the finite source of oil has led oil production companies to produce and transport the produced crude oil as efficiently and economically as possible. One of the major concerns especially in waters like the South China Sea is the deposition of wax on the walls of the pipeline or wellbore, constricting and hindering the hydrocarbon flow. This is due to the low seabed temperatures, which can be below the wax appearance temperature (WAT), leading to the deposition of wax out of waxy crude oil through the molecular dispersion mechanism. Currently, many prevention and remedy methods are in place to overcome the problem, but most of the additives possess environmental threat, as most of the chemical solutions used are toxic, nonorganic, and costly. Hence, this paper aims to provide some insights into the effect of palm oil derivatives such as crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) on wax inhibition. The effect of aging time (i.e., immersion time) was also evaluated. A comparison was made between paraffin inhibition efficiency results (PIE %) obtained by CPO, CPKO, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), and triethanolamine (TEA). It was observed that the average efficiency of 81.67% was obtained when 1% CPO was added to heavy crude oil. The wax inhibition performance reached a plateau after 1.5 h of aging time for all of the investigated samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  14. Fulltext Squamous cell carcinoma of scrotum: a rare case of scrotal neoplasm
    Shanggar, K., Ng, C.H., Razack, A.H., Dublin, N.
    JUMMEC, 2010;13(1):59-62.
    MyJurnal
    Malignant tumours of the scrotum are very rare. Several type of occupations have been identified as high risk for the development of SCC of scrotum e.g paraffin and shale oil workers (1), textile workers (2) etc. We report a rare case of SCC of scrotum. Search of our records in the Urology and Pathology departments of our Centre showed that this is the only case of SCC of the scrotum in the last 10 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  15. Fulltext A thermodynamic equilibrium analysis on oxidation of methane to higher hydrocarbons
    Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Soon, Ee Peng
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    Thermodynamic chemical equilibrium analysis using, total Gibbs energy minimization method, was carried out for methane oxidation to higher hydrocarbons. For a large methane conversion and a high selectivity to higher hydrocarbons, the system temperature and oxygen concentration played a vital role, whereas, the system pressure only slightly influenced the two variables. Numerical results showed that the conversion of methane increased with the concentration of oxygen and reaction temperature, but it decreased with pressure. Nevertheless, the presence of oxygen suppressed the formation of higher hydrocarbons which mostly consisted of aromatics, but enhanced the formation of hydrogen. As the system pressure increased, the aromatics, olefins and hydrogen yields diminished, but the paraffin yield improved. Carbon monoxide seemed to be the major oxygen-containing equilibrium product from methane oxidation, whilst almost no H2O, CH3OH and HCOH were detected although traces amount of carbon dioxide were formed at relatively lower temperature and higher pressure. The total Gibbs energy minimization method is useful to theoretically analyze the feasibility of methane conversion to higher hydrocarbons and syngas at the selected temperature and pressure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  16. Fulltext The guru-UKM method: synergistic effect of hydrogel, hydrofibre and dermal conservation in burn wound management
    Farrah-Hani Imran, Ian, Chik, Kelly, Enda Gerard, Razman Jarmin
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(3):89-94.
    MyJurnal
    Initial wound care idioms were designed around a moist dressing in presumed better wound healing. As wound care advances, innovations of dressings were formed. In the Guru-UKM Method (GUM), we combined two well-established dressings producing a synergistic effect in burn wound management. Patients with deep partial thickness burns were selected for the GUM. From the time of admission, they receive 2 cycles of paraffin tulle dressings once every two days to allow demarcation, then are reassessed for suitability of the GUM technique. We discuss 7 different burn cases that presented to our Burn Unit from January 2014 – June 2015.All dressings should create a suitable moist environment for healing, yet should be a painless dressing to help the patient return to normal function as soon as possible. In burn wounds, a suitable dressing ideally also biochemically debrides fibrin and softens hardened eschar and slough, without necessitating the patient to undergo general anaesthesia and surgical debridement. The Guru-UKM Method is a combination dressing technique that facilitates optimal burn wound management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  17. Fulltext Fluid-solid phase transition of n-alkane mixtures: Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance
    Shahruddin S, Jiménez-Serratos G, Britovsek GJP, Matar OK, Müller EA
    Sci Rep, 2019 Jan 30;9(1):1002.
    PMID: 30700804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37799-7
    Wax appearance temperature (WAT), defined as the temperature at which the first solid paraffin crystal appears in a crude oil, is one of the key flow assurance indicators in the oil industry. Although there are several commonly-used experimental techniques to determine WAT, none provides unambiguous molecular-level information to characterize the phase transition between the homogeneous fluid and the underlying solid phase. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations employing the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) force field are used to interrogate the incipient solidification states of models for long-chain alkanes cooled from a melt to an arrested state. We monitor the phase change of pure long chain n-alkanes: tetracosane (C24H50) and triacontane (C30H62), and an 8-component surrogate n-alkane mixture (C12-C33) built upon the compositional information of a waxy crude. Comparison to Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DOSY NMR) results allows the assessment of the limitations of the coarse-grained models proposed. We show that upon approach to freezing, the heavier components restrict their motion first while the lighter ones retain their mobility and help fluidize the mixture. We further demonstrate that upon sub-cooling of long n-alkane fluids and mixtures, a discontinuity arises in the slope of the self-diffusion coefficient with decreasing temperature, which can be employed as a marker for the appearance of an arrested state commensurate with conventional WAT measurements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  18. Fulltext Influence of oxalate ligand functionalization on Co/ZSM-5 activity in Fischer Tropsch synthesis and hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid into hydrocarbon fuels
    Ayodele OB
    Sci Rep, 2017 Aug 30;7(1):10008.
    PMID: 28855545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09706-z
    Achieving high degree of active metal dispersions at the highest possible metal loading and high reducibility of the metal remains a challenge in Fischer Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as well as in hydrogeoxygenation (HDO).This study therefore reports the influence of oxalic acid (OxA) functionalization on the metal dispersion, reducibility and activity of Co supported ZSM-5 catalyst in FTS and HDO of oleic acid into paraffin biofuel. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) results showed that cobalt oxalate supported ZSM-5 catalyst (CoOx/ZSM-5) synthesized from the incorporation of freshly prepared cobalt oxalate complex into ZSM-5 displayed increase in surface area, pore volume and average pore size while the nonfunctionalized cobalt supported on ZSM-5 (Co/ZSM-5) catalyst showed reduction in those properties. Furthermore, both XRD and XPS confirmed the presence of Co° formed from the decomposition of CoOx during calcination of CoOx/ZSM-5 under inert atmosphere. The HRTEM showed that Co species average particle sizes were smaller in CoOx/ZSM-5 than in Co/ZSM-5, and in addition, CoOx/ZSM-5 shows a clear higher degree of active metal dispersion. The FTS result showed that at CO conversion over Co/ZSM-5 and CoOx/ZSM-5 catalysts were 74.28% and 94.23% and their selectivity to C5+ HC production were 63.15% and 75.4%, respectively at 4 h TOS. The HDO result also showed that the CoOx/ZSM-5 has higher OA conversion of 92% compared to 59% over Co/ZSM-5. In addition CoOx/ZSM-5 showed higher HDO and isomerization activities compared to Co/ZSM-5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin
  19. Fulltext The Role of ISL1 and LHX5 LIM Homeobox Genes in Bladder Tumourigenesis
    Akhir MKAM, Choy CS, Abdullah MA, Ghani FA, Veerakumarasivam A, Hussin H
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Feb;27(1):37-45.
    PMID: 32158343 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.4
    Introduction: Lin-11, Isl-1 and Mec-3 domains (LIM) homeobox genes are among the most important sub-families of homeobox genes. These genes are thought to play an important role in cancer. In this study, the protein expression of these genes was examined in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The expression pattern of Islet-1 (ISL1) and LIM homeobox 5 (LHX5) across different cancer stages and grades, as well as the association between the protein expression of these genes and patient demographics and clinicopathological features, were examined.

    Methods: A total of 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded urothelial carcinoma tissues were selected from the Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur and the protein expression of ISL1 and LHX5 was determined using immunohistochemistry.

    Results: Positive expression of ISL1 and LHX5 was detected in 94% and 98% of the samples, respectively. There were no distinct LHX5 expression patterns associated with different cancer stages, but the proportion of high-expressing tumours was higher in high-grade tumours. In addition, there was a significant association between the expression of LHX5 and tumour grade. The proportion of tumours expressing high levels of ISL1 was found to be highest in later stage tumours.

    Conclusion: The high percentage of tumours expressing both these genes suggests that ISL1 and LHX5 play an important role in bladder tumourigenesis across multiple stages.

    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin Embedding
  20. Fulltext The resin-embedded cornea prepared via rapid processing protocol : a good histomorphometric target for clinical investigation in ophthalmology and optometry
    Cheah PS, Mohidin N, Mohd Ali B, Maung M, Latif AA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Jul;15(3):49-54.
    PMID: 22570589
    This study illustrates and quantifies the changes on corneal tissue between the paraffin-embedded and resin-embedded blocks and thus, selects a better target in investigational ophthalmology and optometry via light microscopy. Corneas of two cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. The formalin-fixed cornea was prepared in paraffin block via the conventional tissue processing protocol (4-day protocol) and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The glutaraldehyde-fixed cornea was prepared in resin block via the rapid and modified tissue processing procedure (1.2-day protocol) and stained with toluidine blue. The paraffin-embedded sample exhibits various undesired tissue damage and artifact such as thinner epithelium (due to the substantial volumic extraction from the tissue), thicker stroma layer (due to the separation of lamellae and the presence of voids) and the distorted endothelium. In contrast, the resin-embedded corneal tissue has demonstrated satisfactory corneal ultrastructural preservation. The rapid and modified tissue processing method for preparing the resin-embedded is particularly beneficial to accelerate the microscopic evaluation in ophthalmology and optometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Paraffin; Paraffin Embedding
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