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Fulltext Digitalized bite mark analysis for the undergraduate dental students

Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof

Compendium of Oral Science, 2015;2(1):1-5.
MyJurnal

In legal system, the admissibility of bite mark injury has proven to give more positive impact when current tech-nologies are adapted to its analysis. The early exposure of the digitalized bite mark analysis during the under-graduate dental program is beneficial to stimulate interests and provide guidance among the professional den-tists. The step-by-step bite mark analysis partly adapted from KU Leuven, Belgium is emphasized by delivering the illustrated practical techniques using computer software Adobe Photoshop®. The overlays analysis demon-strated its practicality as easy to use and offered opportunities to learn through unconventional mode of teach-ing. The incorporation of bite mark injury analysis to the undergraduate dental learning is highly recommended

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Hierarchical gated recurrent neural network with adversarial and virtual adversarial training on text classification

Poon HK, Yap WS, Tee YK, Lee WK, Goi BM

Neural Netw, 2019 Nov;119:299-312.
PMID: 31499354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2019.08.017

Document classification aims to assign one or more classes to a document for ease of management by understanding the content of a document. Hierarchical attention network (HAN) has been showed effective to classify documents that are ambiguous. HAN parses information-intense documents into slices (i.e., words and sentences) such that each slice can be learned separately and in parallel before assigning the classes. However, introducing hierarchical attention approach leads to the redundancy of training parameters which is prone to overfitting. To mitigate the concern of overfitting, we propose a variant of hierarchical attention network using adversarial and virtual adversarial perturbations in 1) word representation, 2) sentence representation and 3) both word and sentence representations. The proposed variant is tested on eight publicly available datasets. The results show that the proposed variant outperforms the hierarchical attention network with and without using random perturbation. More importantly, the proposed variant achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple benchmark datasets. Visualizations and analysis are provided to show that perturbation can effectively alleviate the overfitting issue and improve the performance of hierarchical attention network.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext The development of a power recycling prototype for renewable energy using dc motor

Wan Nor Shela Ezwane Wan Jusoh, Md Razak Daud

Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2018;2(6):50-54.
MyJurnal

Energy consumption is an important part of life today because without the power a work cannot be done. The energy used today will be lost or waste without renewable energy or power recycle back. In reality, energy use has always had a noticeable impact on the environment. Overconsumption of energy is the main trigger for the global warming that is now threatening to cause devastation in many areas of the world. Each year, electricity consumption in Malaysia is always an increase. This can contribute to the occurrence of global warming. This project will be designed for renewable energy or recycle power to avoid waste of energy from lost. Also, this project consider regarding the Green Technology without polluting the environment. The objective is to develop a prototype or hardware that aims to renewable energy using the 12V DC Motor as a generator which is use rear shaft of table fan as a medium to drive the 12V DC Motor and also to analyze the power consumption of table fan before and after install with hardware. The methods used to design the connector and DC motor holder is using a solidwork software, then construct the circuit simulation using a proteus software and also use a microcontroller PIC16F877A as a controller. The result obtained from the testing and experiments by integrating the hardware part, electrical part and software part. Finally, with the development of a power recycling prototype for renewable energy using DC Motor application, the wasted energy can be reused from conversion to other energy and energy can be used as renewable energy.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Effect of artificial structures on shoreline profile of Selingan Island, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia

Chen, Nuo-Geng, Ejria Saleh, Yap, Tzuen-Kiat, Irwan Isnain

Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2018;2(1):9-15.
MyJurnal

Selingan Island off Sandakan, Sabah is a famous turtle nesting ground and a part of the Turtle Islands Park (TIP) within the Coral Triangle region of Malaysia. This small island faces the serious problem of beach erosion that is reducing the turtle nesting area. Sabah Parks deployed stone revetments in 2005, followed by placement of reef balls at the southern part of the Selingan Island in 2007 for protecting the shoreline. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these measures for shoreline protection. Shoreline changes were determined from satellite images, beach profiling and field observations. Satellite images from 2010 to 2016 were obtained from Google Earth Pro analyzed to examine the changes in the shape and size of the island with QGIS software. Beach profiling was performed in December 2017 at three sites and compared with the condition in 2011. The findings indicated that the shape of the island was squeezed towards the east where the reef balls were located. The size of the island has not changed much in 9 years after the deployment of the reef balls, but a high volume of sediments accumulated at the south due to the presence of shoreline protection. Generally, the man-made structures in Selingan Island are effective in trapping the sediment and providing more nesting area for turtles. It is recommended that the shoreline dynamics of the island should be regularly monitored for better understanding of the changes and taking appropriate actions.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
MHD stagnation-point flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet in a micropolar fluid with a slip boundary

Siti Khuzaimah Soid, Anuar Ishak, Ioan Pop

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2907-2916.

The problem of stagnation point flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet immersed in a micropolar fluid is analyzed
numerically. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary (similarity) differential
equation and are then solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in Matlab software. The
effects of various parameters on the velocity and the angular velocity as well as the skin friction coefficient and the couple
stress are shown in tables and graphs. The noticeable results are found that the micropolar and the slip parameters
decrease the skin friction coefficient and the couple stress in the existence of magnetic field. Dual solutions appear for
certain range of the shrinking strength. A stability analysis is performed to determine which one of the solutions is stable.
Practical applications include polymer extrusion, where one deals with stretching of plastic sheets and in metallurgy
that involves the cooling of continuous strips.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Monitoring Breathing Muscle Performance During Singing Noninvasively Using Mechanomyography and Electromyography

Ramli MI, Hamzaid NA, Engkasan JP

J Voice, 2019 Jul 09.
PMID: 31300185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.06.006

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of mechanomyography (MMG) and electromyography (EMG) in monitoring the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) as accessory respiratory muscles when breathing during singing.
METHODS: MMG and EMG were used to record the activity of the SCM in 32 untrained singers reciting a monotonous text and a standard folk song. Their voices were recorded and their pitch, or fundamental frequency (FF), and intensity were derived using Praat software. Instants of inhale and exhales were identified during singing from their voice recordings and the corresponding SCM MMG and EMG activities were analysed.
RESULTS: The SCM MMG, and EMG signals during breathing while singing were significantly different than breathing at rest (p < 0.001). On the other hand, MMG was relatively better correlated to voice intensity in both reading and singing than EMG. EMG was better, but not significantly, correlated with FF in both reading and singing as compared to MMG.
CONCLUSIONS: This study established MMG and EMG as the quantitative measurement tool to monitor breathing activities during singing. This is useful for applications related to singing therapy performance measure including potentially pathologically effected population. While the MMG and EMG could not distinguish FF and intensity significantly, it is useful to serve as a proxy of inhalation and exhalation levels throughout a particular singing session. Further studies are required to determine its efficacy in a therapeutic setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Data on the molting duration and time of hardening of instar crab at different culture temperatures

Ikhwanuddin M, Abol-Munafi AB, Azra MN

Data Brief, 2019 Aug;25:104196.
PMID: 31321277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104196

This data article includes raw and analyze data for molting duration and time of hardening of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus instar at three different temperatures of 24 °C, 28 °C, and 32 °C. Two sets of experimental data are included: first, the recorded on time-lapse video of duration of successful molted crabs (from emergence of swimming legs to chelae); and second, the time interval of shell hardening up to before molting occurred. Shell hardening were calculated in 1 h interval with a unit of x hour molting crab-1, meanwhile the molting duration of the crabs were calculated in x second molting crab-1. Video files were then analyzed using the latest version of Solomon Coder software developed by A. Peter. Relationship between culture temperature and the time of molting and carapace hardening are also included in this article. The dataset is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Electrical Performance of Polymer-Insulated Rail Brackets of DC Transit Subjected to Lightning Induced Overvoltage

Abd Rahman FA, Ab Kadir MZA, Ungku Amirulddin UA, Osman M

Materials (Basel), 2021 Mar 29;14(7).
PMID: 33805583 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071684

The fourth rail transit is an interesting topic to be shared and accessed by the community within that area of expertise. Several ongoing works are currently being conducted especially in the aspects of system technical performances including the rail bracket component and the sensitivity analyses on the various rail designs. Furthermore, the lightning surge study on railway electrification is significant due to the fact that only a handful of publications are available in this regard, especially on the fourth rail transit. For this reason, this paper presents a study on the electrical performance of a fourth rail Direct Current (DC) urban transit affected by an indirect lightning strike. The indirect lightning strike was modelled by means of the Rusck model and the sum of two Heidler functions. The simulations were carried out using the EMTP-RV software which included the performance comparison of polymer-insulated rail brackets, namely the Cast Epoxy (CE), the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy A (CEA), and the Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) together with the station arresters when subjected by 30 kA (5/80 µs) and 90 kA (9/200 µs) lightning currents. The results obtained demonstrated that the GRP material has been able to slightly lower its induced overvoltage as compared to other materials, especially for the case of 90 kA (9/200 µs), and thus serves better coordination with the station arresters. This improvement has also reflected on the recorded residual voltage and energy absorption capacity of the arrester, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Analysis of dual solution for MHD flow of Williamson fluid with slippage

Lund LA, Omar Z, Khan I

Heliyon, 2019 Mar;5(3):e01345.
PMID: 30949601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01345

This study investigates the numerical solutions of MHD boundary layer and heat transfer of the Williamson fluid flow on the exponentially vertical shrinking sheet, having variable thickness and thermal conductivity under effects of the velocity and thermal slip parameters. It is also assumed that shrinking/stretching velocity, as well as the wall temperature, has the exponential function form. In this study, the continuity, momentum and energy equations with buoyancy parameter and Hartmann number are incorporated especially in the Williamson fluid flow case. Similarity transformation variables have been employed to formulate the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from partial differential equations (PDEs). The resultant ODEs are solved by shooting method with Runge Kutta of fourth order method in Maple software. The effects of the different applied non-dimensional physical parameters on the boundary layer and heat transfer flow problems are presented in graphs. The effects of Williamson parameter, Prandtl number, and slip parameters on velocity and temperature profiles have been thoroughly demonstrated and discussed. The numerical results show that the buoyancy force and the slip parameters contribute to the occurrence of the dual solutions on the boundary layer and heat transfer flow problems. Furthermore, the stability analysis suggests that the first solution is stable and physically possible.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext House building tips (HBT) corpus dataset as a resource to discover Malay architectural ingenuity and identity

Zaini MF, Sarudin A, Muhammad MM, Osman Z, Mohamed Redzwan HF, Al-Muhsin MA

Data Brief, 2021 Jun;36:107013.
PMID: 33898671 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107013

House Building Tips is the title of a classic text containing historical information on early house construction in Malay communities. These tips were written by a scholar with knowledge of house construction through observation of the surrounding environment. In Malaysia, written sources or records of house construction are scarce and underexposed. As such, this research was conducted to guarantee the written legacy of the construction of Malay houses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a statistical data source of house building tips that is laden with Malay ingenuity and identity. The wordlists generated from this study can become a source of reference for the field of Malay architecture. Accordingly, this study utilises the quantitative method by applying the Linguistic Corpus Statistical Approach; these data utilise specific corpus development procedures, beginning with text collection, scanning and cleaning processes, text annotation, and data storing in plain text. Next, the data analysis procedure utilises a corpus software, LancsBox, to generate specialised wordlists. The bubble graphs are developed based on these wordlists through the Tableau software, and illustrate the most used lexical items with the raw and relative frequency values. This facilitates searches for, and the reading of, architectural words and architectural word references. These data represent written sources that need to be preserved and become points of reference concerning Malay architectural ingenuity and identity.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Compilation of quranic verses (Juz 16 -30) and hadiths of Sahih Muslim related to visual function

Siti Aishah Md Halim, Noor Ezailina Badarudin, Hasbullah Mohamad

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):417-425.
MyJurnal

Al Quran and Al Hadith are not book of sciences, but books of Divine guidance which can be referred to inspire in understanding things including the scientific nature of creation. This study was performed to compile the Quranic verses (Juz 16-30) and Hadith of Sahih Muslim which are related to visual function with scientifically proven facts. Five keywords were chosen based on the process of seeing which were “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” and the synonyms of sight which were “vision” and “see”. Search engine, Search Truth was used to help gather the verses and hadiths comprising the keywords. Cross reference with the original copy of the Holy Quran and book of Sahih Muslim was done to ensure the authenticity of the Quranic verses and hadiths. Existing scientific facts regarding the revelation were then gathered to support the findings.There were 377 Quranic verses (Juz 16-30) containing the words “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” (and its synonyms). Out of this, only 6 Quranic verses have relation to visual function and have been scientifically proven. For hadith of Sahih Muslim, there were 1285 hadiths containing the words “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” (and its synonyms). Out of 1285 hadiths only 8 hadiths of Sahih Muslim found to have relation to visual function and has scientifically proven facts.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext The correlation between intrinsic motivation and history subjects achievement

M. Kaviza

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):1-10.
MyJurnal

This survey study aims to identify whether there is a correlation between intrinsic motivation and history subject achievement, as well as to determine whether the predictor variables of interest, competence, effort, pressure, choice, usefulness and relevance contribute significantly to the history subject’s achievement. A total of 521 Form Four students were involved in this study through simple random sampling techniques. This research instrument is the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory questionnaire and the history subject achievement test which has been verified by the expert and has good reliability value, difficulty and good discrimination index. Quantitative data in this study was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests through IBM SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a significant negative linear correlation between intrinsic motivation and the history subject achievement. In addition, the interests, preferences and usefulness constructs have reported a high moderate negative linear relationship with the history subject achievement, while competency, effort, pressure and relevance have a low negative linear relationship with the history subject achievement. Furthermore, interest, choice, effort and usefulness are the predictor variables that contribute significantly, while competence, pressure, and relevance are the predictor variables that contribute non-significantly to the history subject’s achievement in this study. The implications of this study are suggested to all departments to develop intrinsic motivation among students as it is strongly related to increase and decrease the history subject’s achievement

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Optimization of Progressive Freezing for Residual Oil Recovery from a Palm Oil-Water Mixture (POME Model)

Anuar MAM, Amran NA, Ruslan MSH

ACS Omega, 2021 Feb 02;6(4):2707-2716.
PMID: 33553888 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04897

Oil and grease remain the dominant contaminants in the palm oil mill effluent (POME) despite the conventional treatment of POME. The removal of residual oil from palm oil-water mixture (POME model) using the progressive freezing process was investigated. An optimization technique called response surface methodology (RSM) with the design of rotatable central composite design was applied to figure out the optimum experimental variables generated by Design-Expert software (version 6.0.4. Stat-Ease, trial version). Besides, RSM also helps to investigate the interactive effects among the independent variables compared to one factor at a time. The variables involved are coolant temperature, XA (4-12 °C), freezing time, XB (20-60 min), and circulation flow, XC (200-600 rpm). The statistical analysis showed that a two-factor interaction model was developed using the obtained experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9582. From the RSM-generated model, the optimum conditions for extraction of oil from the POME model were a coolant temperature of 6 °C in 50 min freezing time with a circulation flowrate of 500 rpm. The validation of the model showed that the predicted oil yield and experimental oil yield were 92.56 and 93.20%, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON A DEEP-DRAFT SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE

ALIATULNAJIHA AYUB, MOHD ASAMUDIN A RAHMAN

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(2):77-88.
MyJurnal

A numerical study is conducted to determine the Vortex Induced Motion (VIM) effects on Deep-Draft Semi-Submersibles (DDSS). The VIM phenomena is a crucial problem that can cause severe impact on the fatigue life of mooring risers in DDSS. Therefore, a comprehensive numerical simulation is conducted using the Acusolve computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Five models of immersed columns with different aspect ratios (ie. 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4) are numerically investigated under two different incidence angles, which are 0° and 45°. The transverse and in-line vibration amplitude, amplitude of lift force coefficient and vortex shedding are analyzed. The numerical measurements are obtained to see the response of horizontal plane motions, which are transverse, in line and yaw motions. This study with detailed numerical results from parametric data will contribute future studies and the comparisons are made to demonstrate the capability of the present CFD approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Preliminary Study: Application of Spot-mapping Technique for Estimating the Size of Oriental Magpie Robin Cospychus saularis (Aves: Muscicapidae) Territories in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)

KATHLEEN MICHELLE LUKING, DENCY FLENNY GAWIN, JESSIE MENTIE

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2019;2(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Breeding territoriality plays a role in determining the reproduction outcome of many passerines species. The spot-mapping was used to estimate the breeding territory size of a territorial male of Oriental Magpie robin (Cospychus saularis) at Dahlia College, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak which is located within Kota Samarahan. It was conducted by mapping the song perching locations established by a marked male. The breeding territory size of the male was estimated to be 0.78 hectares. The data analysis was done using Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) which was constructed by using Google Earth Pro software. Study on breeding territory size of this bird species is crucial to understand more regarding the breeding behaviour of this species. Data on the behavior of this species could be used for future studies of this bird in Borneo.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Pore size prediction of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes using artificial neural networks

Ibrahim MZ, Norashikin MZ

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2010 Sep;10(9):6211-5.
PMID: 21133176

This paper reports the performance of two different artificial neural networks (ANN), Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) compared to conventional software for prediction of the pore size of the asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. ANN has advantages such as incredible approximation, generalization and good learning ability. The MLP are well suited for multiple inputs and multiple outputs while RBF are powerful techniques for interpolation in multidimensional space. Three experimental data sets were used to train the ANN using polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights as additives namely as PEG 200, PEG 400 and PEG 600. The values of the pore size can be determined manually from the graph and solve it using mathematical equation. However, the mathematical solution used to determine the pore size and pore size distribution involve complicated equations and tedious. Thus, in this study, MLP and RBF are applied as an alternative method to estimate the pore size of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. The raw data needed for the training are solute separation and solute diameter. Values of solute separation were obtained from the ultrafiltration experiments and solute diameters ware calculated using mathematical equation. With the development of this ANN model, the process to estimate membrane pore size could be made easier and faster compared to mathematical solutions.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Portable Micro-Doppler Radar with Quadrature Radar Architecture for Non-Contact Human Breath Detection

Apriono C, Muin F, Juwono FH

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Aug 28;21(17).
PMID: 34502698 DOI: 10.3390/s21175807

Recently, rapid advances in radio detection and ranging (radar) technology applications have been implemented in various fields. In particular, micro-Doppler radar has been widely developed to perform certain tasks, such as detection of buried victims in natural disaster, drone system detection, and classification of humans and animals. Further, micro-Doppler radar can also be implemented in medical applications for remote monitoring and examination. This paper proposes a human respiration rate detection system using micro-Doppler radar with quadrature architecture in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency of 5.8 GHz. We use a mathematical model of human breathing to further explore any insights into signal processes in the radar. The experimental system is designed using the USRP B200 mini-module as the main component of the radar and the Vivaldi antennas working at 5.8 GHz. The radar system is integrated directly with the GNU Radio Companion software as the processing part. Using a frequency of 5.8 GHz and USRP output power of 0.33 mW, our proposed method was able to detect the respiration rate at a distance of 2 m or less with acceptable error. In addition, the radar system could differentiate different frequency rates for different targets, demonstrating that it is highly sensitive. We also emphasize that the designed radar system can be used as a portable device which offers flexibility to be used anytime and anywhere.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Margin width, internal line angle and labial emergence profiles of maxillary metalloceramic

Yahya, N.A., Youngson, C.C.

Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):7-13.
MyJurnal

The purpose of this study were to compare the emergence profiles of crowns with their contralateral tooth, in vitro, and to determine if there is any association between the design of tooth preparations and the resultant emergence profile. 50 working models used for single crown construction were examined. Measurements of the faciolingual width of the crowns and contralateral teeth were taken using digital calipers. Internal line angles and the margin width of dies and the emergence profile of the corresponding crowns were measured from longitudinally sectioned polyvinylsiloxane indices mounted on a flat-bed scanner using image analysis software. Using Students t tests, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found for shoulder width (mean 0.94 ± 0.23mm), internal line angle (mean 105.83 ± 13.57°) or emergence profiles (28.56 ± 12.95°) in the different (anterior, premolar or molar) preparations or crowns. The mean emergence profiles for all crowns was statistically significantly greater (p

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Novel method to estimate the length of the palmaris longus tendon

Manohar, A., Ramal, L.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(2):19-24.
MyJurnal

Palmaris longus is tendon of choice in reconstructive, plastic and cosmetic surgeries. Thus, a suitable length is required and it would be more convenient if the length of the tendon of the palmaris longus could be estimated before harvesting. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the length and width of the palmaris longus tendon and the length of forearm and hand, the relationship between the length and the width of the palmaris longus tendon and wrist width and wrist circumference, as well as to identify a technique to estimate the length of the tendinous part of palmaris longus before harvesting it. A standardized proforma was used to collect the data of each of the 31 cadavers upper limbs. These data were analysed using SPSS software version 17. It is important to note that p value less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant in this study. Out of the 31 upper limbs, palmaris longus tendon was absent in 3 (9.68%). Meanwhile, the mean length and width of the palmaris longus tendon was found to be 16.20 cm and 0.48 cm, respectively. The mean length of the forearm and hand was 26.6 cm and 21.2 cm, respectively. The mean width of the wrist and wrist circumference was 8.2 cm and 14.82 cm, respectively. These indicate a significant and moderate relationship between the length of palmaris longus tendon and the length of forearm (r = 0.49, r2 = 0.24, p < 0.01). In addition, there was also a significant relationship between the length of palmaris longus tendon and the length of hand (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). This paper presents the technique used to estimate the length and width of the tendinous part of palmaris longus before harvesting. The length of palmaris longus can be estimated pre-operatively by measuring the length of the hand by using the technique explained in this paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Software
Fulltext Measurement of 226ra in iaea soil-6 using gamma spectrometry system: Comparison between manual and software calculation

Mei-Wo, Yii, Kamarozaman Ishak, Nooruzainah Abu Hassan, Maziah Mahmud, Khairul Nizam Razali

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2012;24(1):102-112.
MyJurnal

IAEA Soil-6 is a reference material with a certified value for 226Ra fall between 69.6 – 93.4 Bq/kg at 95% confidence level. This material has been used as a sample and performed repeat measurement weekly between years 2006 – 2009 using a same gamma spectrometry system. The activity concentration of this material is calculated automatically using the operational commercial software and compared with activity obtained from the manual calculation. Study found that only 76.9%, 64.1%, 56.3%, and 79.3% of the results from the software calculation lie within the confidence level for year 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. However, u-score calculation revealed that 94.9 %, 89.7%, 79.2% and 84.9% data set have no significant bias (u < 2.58) for year 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. On the other hand, all manual calculation data were found to be within the 95 % confidence level. Factors suspected to cause differences between these two approaches were discussed here. Manually peak search, marking and calculation still remains as the preferred option for calculating the gamma radionuclides activity unless limitations of the spectrum analysis software, as described in this paper can be resolved/improved upon.

Matched MeSH terms: Software

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