Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 1773 in total

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  1. Fulltext Optimal antioxidant activity with moderate concentrations of Tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) in in vitro assays
    Muid, S., Ali, A.M., Yusoff, K., Nawawi, H.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):687-694.
    MyJurnal
    Vitamin E is known to have potent antioxidant activity and plays an important role in reducing oxidative stress, a pivotal step in atherogenesis. However, several randomised clinical trials using α-tocopherol have failed to demonstrate consistent beneficial effects of antioxidants against atherosclerosis and clinical endpoints. Tocotrienol, a vitamin E compound analogue is shown to have more potent antioxidant activity compared to tocopherol. Finding the optimal anti-oxidative dose is crucial and may effectively be applied for cardioprotection in human. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal dose of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) with highest antioxidant activity in vitro using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2’, 7’- dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) assays. It was found that TRF exhibited potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities with an IC50 of 22.10 + 0.01 µg/ml. In all assays, TRF had optimal antioxidant activity at moderate concentrations (10-100 µg/ml). In conclusion, TRF has potent antioxidant activity, which is optimal at moderate concentrations.
  2. Fulltext Bilateral Heschl’s Gyrus display non-reciprocity in connectivity during the performance of simple arithmetic addition task
    Yusoff, A.N., Te, L.H., Mukari, S.Z.M., Abd Hamid, A.I.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(1):37-45.
    MyJurnal
    Heschl’s gyrus (HG) is known to interact with other auditory related areas of the same hemisphere during the performance
    of an auditory cognitive task. However, the information about how it interacts with the opposite HG is still lacking.
    The aim of this study was to investigate the psychophysiologic interaction (PPI) between the bilateral HG during a
    simple arithmetic addition task and to verify the role of noise as an experimental factor that would modulate the PPI.
    Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed on eighteen healthy participants, in which a
    single-digit addition task were solved during in-quiet (AIQ) and in-noise (AIN) conditions. The fMRI data were analysed
    using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8). The interaction between the bilateral HG was investigated using PPI
    analysis. The response in right HG was found to be linearly influenced by the activity in left HG, vice-versa, for both
    in-quiet and in-noise conditions. The connectivity from right to left HG in noisy condition seemed to be modulated
    by noise, while the modulation is relatively small oppositely, indicating a non-reciprocal behavior. A two-way PPI
    model between right and left HG is suggested. The connectivity from right to left HG during a simple addition task in
    noise is driven by a higher ability of right HG to perceive the stimuli in a noisy condition. Both the bilateral HGs took
    part in the cognitive processes of arithmetic addition from which the interactions between the two were found to be
    different in noise.
  3. Fulltext Resolution of exudative retinal detachment and regression of retinal macrocyst post-laser in Coats disease
    Munira Y, Zunaina E, Azhany Y
    Int Med Case Rep J, 2013;6:37-9.
    PMID: 23966803 DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S47769
    A 15-year-old boy presented with painless progressive blurring of vision in the right eye for 1 year in duration. His visual acuity in the right eye was hand movement. The right fundus showed presence of extensive subretinal exudates at the posterior pole and a retinal macrocyst at the temporal periphery. It was associated with exudative retinal detachment at the inferior periphery of the retina. Fundus angiography revealed telangiectatic retinal vessels at the superotemporal retina. Based on clinical and angiographic findings, a diagnosis of Coats disease was made. He was treated with retinal laser photocoagulation. There was resolution of the exudative retinal detachment, reduction of subretinal exudates, and regression of the retinal macrocyst with improvement of visual acuity to 1/60 post-laser therapy.
  4. Telemedicine and medical informatics in the multimedia super corridor: the Malaysian vision
    Abidi SS, Goh A, Yusoff Z
    Stud Health Technol Inform, 1998;52 Pt 2:1282-6.
    PMID: 10384666
    The practice of medicine, with its wide range of environmental conditions and complex dependencies, has long been used as a test bed for various advanced technologies. Telemedicine, as conceptualised within the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) context, is seen as the application of several relatively mature technologiesartificial intelligence (AI), multimedia communication and information systems (IS) amongst othersso as to benefit a large cross-section of the Malaysian population. We will discuss in general terms the Malaysian vision on the comprehensive MSC telemedicine solution, its functionality and associated operational conditions. In particular, this paper focuses on the conceptualisation of one key telemedical component i.e. the Lifetime Health Plan (LHP) system, which is eventually intended to be a distributed multi-module application for the periodic monitoring and generation of health-care advisories for upwards of 20 million Malaysians.
  5. Fulltext Risk factor awareness and expectations of outpatients attending the Cardiology Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Yusoff K, Roslawati J, Almashoor SH
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):194-9.
    PMID: 1491645
    One hundred consecutive patients attending the UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Cardiology Clinic completed a questionnaire enquiring about their own assessment of their knowledge about their illness, their awareness of cardiac risk factors and their expectations in their management. Only 11% of our patients had graduated from tertiary education. 59% of our patients were being treated for ischaemic heart disease. Although only 28% of our patients considered having considerable knowledge of their illness, a majority of our patients were aware of cardiac risk factors. This was independent of the formal education achieved. However this awareness did not necessarily result in appropriate behaviour; 32% of patients admitted to smoking despite being aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 74% of our patients expected a cure from their doctors; only 37% of our patients thought they required medication indefinitely. Thus, patients could be made aware of their illness regardless of their formal educational status. However this may not necessarily result in appropriate behaviour. The high expectations which the patients have of their doctors is unrealistic and may be detrimental to appropriate long-term management of their chronic illness.

    Study site: Cardiology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
  6. Fulltext Effect of adding aminophylline infusion to nebulised salbutamol in severe acute asthma
    Zainudin BM, Ismail O, Yusoff K
    Thorax, 1994 Mar;49(3):267-9.
    PMID: 8202885
    BACKGROUND: The benefit of adding theophylline to beta 2 agonists in acute asthmatic attacks has been debated frequently.
    METHODS: In an open randomised study 25 patients with severe acute asthma who presented to the emergency department were treated with either a combined nebulised salbutamol (5 mg/dose) and aminophylline infusion (0.6-0.9 mg/kg/hour), or nebulised salbutamol alone.
    RESULTS: The responses to treatment as measured by peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the time taken to achieve maximum PEF were similar in both groups. Side effects were observed more commonly in patients receiving the combined treatment.
    CONCLUSIONS: Nebulised salbutamol is equally efficacious in acute asthma when given alone or in combination with aminophylline.
    Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  7. Neonatal buccal cell collection: a non-invasive strategy to provide a reliable source of DNA for high resolution melting analysis
    Cheung, Tian Pei, Rostenberghe, Hans Van, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Noraida Ramli, Nor Rosidah Ibrahim, Nishio, Hisahide, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019;25(2):14-22.
    MyJurnal
    Background: The low yield and quality of buccal-derived genomic DNA have reduced its applicability in various genetic research. The aim of this study was to assess the quantity, purity and genotyping efficiency of genomic DNA isolated from neonatal buccal swabs. Methods: Paired buccal swabs and whole blood samples were collected from 60 neonates with the mean age 5 days (SD=1.57). The genomic DNA quantity and purity were measured by using Infinite® 200 PRO NanoQuant reader and agarose gel electrophoresis. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used to analyse the sequence variants present in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1 c.211G>A) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 (NR1I3 IVS8+116T>G) genes. Results: Buccal swabs provided lower mean genomic DNA concentration (18.78 ± 8.39 ng/μl versus 40.02 ± 13.03 ng/μl), yield (2.63 ± 1.17 μgversus8.00 ± 2.61 μg). The purity of buccal samples however were inconsistent with 16 samples (26.7%) having A260/280 ratios below 1.8 which indicated protein contamination. Genomic DNA purity for all blood samples were within the ideal range with average absorbance ratios of 1.8−2.0. However, all buccal genomic DNA demonstrated 100% genotype call rates for all variants. A complete genotype concordance was also observed between paired genomic DNA samples. Conclusion: Despite related to a reduced quantity and purity, neonatal buccal genomic DNA could generate reliable HRM genotyping results. Therefore, buccal swab collection is a promising alternative to the invasive blood sampling to provide genomic DNA for genetic analysis involving paediatric population.
  8. Fulltext A review on the relationship between maternal exposure to ambient air Particulate Matter (PM10) and infants’ birth weight in Asia
    Ida Dalina Noordin, • Idayu Badilla Idris, Rozita Hod, Mohd Famey Yusoff, Hanizah Mohd Yusoff, Azmawati Mohamed Nawi, et al.
    Int J Public Health Res, 2020;10(2):1258-1267.
    MyJurnal
    In 2015, almost half of low birth weight babies in the world were born in Southern Asia. It is contributed by multiple factors including maternal exposure to the elements in the environment during the antenatal period. Particulate matter (PM10) pollution in Southeast Asian region have been extensively studied with known attributions and sources. It is also known that PM10 is able to restrict foetal growth at molecular level. This review intends to investigate if the unborn in Asia are affected by air pollutants indirectly through their mothers. Methods Publications from Scopus and Science Direct digital databases in Asian region from 2015 onwards were reviewed. Details collected were the year of publication and study location, the study design, investigated air pollutants, exposure estimation methods used, the timing of exposure in relation to pregnancy, pregnancy outcome measured and the relative risk or odds of effect. Results A total of eight full text articles were included. Most of the studies were of cohort and quasi experimental designs, involving local air monitoring measurements to assign exposure. Conclusions There were more studies considered multiple air pollutants as contributing risk rather than a single pollutant. The exposure was measured according to stages of pregnancy and the trimester stratification is the most often method used. Modalities used in representing birth outcomes were not confined to birth weight alone but also included the length of gestation. Exposure to PM10 have been found to be associated with reduction in birth weight and increased risk for preterm birth in Asia.
  9. Fulltext Non-adherence to recommended Pap smear screening guidelines and its associated factors among women attending health clinic in Malaysia
    Yunus NA, Mohamed Yusoff H, Draman N
    Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(1):10-17.
    PMID: 29796205 MyJurnal
    Introduction: Cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women in Malaysia. Although a cervical screening program has been introduced since 1960s and is provided free of charge in all government health facilities, the coverage and adherence rate to recommendation among Malaysian women remains low.

    Objectives: To determine the proportion of non-adherence to Pap smear screening guidelines and its associated factors among women attending a health clinic in Malaysia.

    Method: A cross sectional study involving 316 women aged 20 to 65 years who had undergone a Pap smear. Universal sampling method was applied to select participants among women who attended the selected health clinic from January 2013 to May 2013. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic characteristics, socio-health data and perceptions about cervical cancer and Pap smear screening. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.

    Result: The proportion of non-adherence to Pap smear screening was 90.5%. Age, marital status, duration of marriage, education level, employment, household income and number of children were not significantly associated with non-adherence. Perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived barrier and cues to action did not show significant association with non-adherence to Pap smear screening.

    Conclusion: Non-adherence to Pap smear screening was high among Malaysian women. Measures should be taken to increase Pap smear screening coverage in our country. Other factors beyond Health Belief Model that influence Pap smear screening practice among Malaysian women should be explored.
  10. Impacts of suspended sediment and metal pollution from mining activities on riverine fish population-a review
    Affandi FA, Ishak MY
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Jun;26(17):16939-16951.
    PMID: 31028621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05137-7
    Mining activities are responsible for the elevated input levels of suspended sediment and hazardous metals into the riverine ecosystem. These have been shown to threaten the riverine fish populations and can even lead to localized population extinction. To date, research on the effects of mining activities on fish has been focused within metal contamination and bioaccumulation and its threat to human consumption, neglecting the effects of suspended sediment. This paper reviews the effects of suspended sediment and metal pollution on riverine ecosystem and fish population by examining the possibilities of genetic changes and population extinction. In addition, possible assessments and studies of the riverine fish population are discussed to cope with the risks from mining activities and fish population declines.
  11. Factors associated with different types of hip fractures among elderly patients a tertiary hospital in Pahang: A retrospective cross-sectional study
    Mohd Yusoff R, Mulud ZA, Mohammadnezhad M
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(Suppl 1):117-121.
    PMID: 38555895
    INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures, predominantly due to decreased bone density and falls, significantly impact elderly health, disproportionately affecting women and placing a strain on healthcare resources. This study aims to conduct an indepth epidemiological analysis of hip fracture incidence among the elderly in Pahang, Malaysia, to inform better healthcare strategies.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, medical records of patients admitted with hip fractures between 2019 and 2021 at Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (HoSHAS) in Pahang were analyzed. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, nature of trauma, fracture types, and comorbidities were collected and examined using descriptive and inferential statistics.

    RESULTS: Among 3856 Orthopaedic Department admissions at HoSHAS (2019-2021), 296 hip fracture cases were identified, predominantly in women (71.3%), Malay ethnicity (75.3%), and aged 71-80 (38.5%). Intertrochanteric femur fractures were prevalent (62.8%). Unintentional falls accounted for 94.9% of cases. Logistic regression showed age and gender as significant predictors of femoral neck fractures. Specifically, Chinese seniors were 1.96 times more likely, and women over 65 were 1.95 times more likely to suffer these fractures. Notably, the absence of comorbidities increased the risk by 3.41 times (p < 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: With increased longevity among Malaysian citizen, the number of hip fracture cases are growing and leading to other health-related problems such as disability, depression, and cardiovascular. Various preventive interventions for osteoporosis and falls should be implemented to reduce the incidence of hip fractures among older adults.

  12. High allele frequency of CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) in a Negrito's subtribe population in Malaysia; Aboriginal people of Jahai
    Rosdi RA, Mohd Yusoff N, Ismail R, Soo Choon T, Saleem M, Musa N, et al.
    Ann Hum Biol, 2015 Sep 24.
    PMID: 26402341
    CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms modulate inter-individual variations in the human body's responses to various endogenous and exogenous drug substrates. To date, little is known about the CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms among the aboriginal populations of the world, including those in Malaysia.
  13. Fulltext The effects of Secondhand Smoke (SHS) exposure on microvascular endothelial function among healthy women
    Sanip Z, Hanaffi SH, Ahmad I, Yusoff SS, Rasool AH, Yusoff HM
    Tob Induc Dis, 2015;13(1):32.
    PMID: 26346914 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0052-9
    BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure could impair endothelial function. However, the effect of SHS exposure specifically on microvascular endothelial function is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of SHS exposure on microvascular endothelial function among non-smoking, generally healthy women.

    FINDINGS: We studied 127 women; and based on their hair nicotine levels measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 25 of them were categorized as having higher hair nicotine levels, 25 were grouped as having lower hair nicotine and 77 women were grouped into the non-detected group. The non-detected group did not have detectable levels of hair nicotine. Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured accordingly. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed non-invasively using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis involving acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside as endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators respectively. The mean hair nicotine levels for higher and lower hair nicotine groups were 0.74 (1.04) and 0.05 (0.01) ng/mg respectively. There were no significant differences in anthropometry, BP, lipid profile and hsCRP between these groups. There were also no significant differences in the microvascular perfusion and endothelial function between these groups.

    CONCLUSION: In this study, generally healthy non-smoking women who have higher, lower and non-detected hair nicotine levels did not show significant differences in their microvascular endothelial function. Low levels of SHS exposure among generally healthy non-smoking women may not significantly impair their microvascular endothelial function.

  14. Aqueous enzymatic extraction of Moringa oleifera oil
    Mat Yusoff M, Gordon MH, Ezeh O, Niranjan K
    Food Chem, 2016 Nov 15;211:400-8.
    PMID: 27283648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.050
    This paper reports on the extraction of Moringa oleifera (MO) oil by using aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) method. The effect of different process parameters on the oil recovery was discovered by using statistical optimization, besides the effect of selected parameters on the formation of its oil-in-water cream emulsions. Within the pre-determined ranges, the use of pH 4.5, moisture/kernel ratio of 8:1 (w/w), and 300stroke/min shaking speed at 40°C for 1h incubation time resulted in highest oil recovery of approximately 70% (goil/g solvent-extracted oil). These optimized parameters also result in a very thin emulsion layer, indicating minute amount of emulsion formed. Zero oil recovery with thick emulsion were observed when the used aqueous phase was re-utilized for another AEE process. The findings suggest that the critical selection of AEE parameters is key to high oil recovery with minimum emulsion formation thereby lowering the load on the de-emulsification step.
  15. Fulltext Stable and null current hysteresis perovskite solar cells based nitrogen doped graphene oxide nanoribbons hole transport layer
    Kim J, Mat Teridi MA, Mohd Yusoff AR, Jang J
    Sci Rep, 2016 06 09;6:27773.
    PMID: 27277388 DOI: 10.1038/srep27773
    Perovskite solar cells are becoming one of the leading technologies to reduce our dependency on traditional power sources. However, the frequently used component poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (

    PEDOT: PSS) has several shortcomings, such as an easily corroded indium-tin-oxide (ITO) interface at elevated temperatures and induced electrical inhomogeneity. Herein, we propose solution-processed nitrogen-doped graphene oxide nanoribbons (NGONRs) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells, replacing the conducting polymer

    PEDOT: PSS. The conversion efficiency of NGONR-based perovskite solar cells has outperformed a control device constructed using

    PEDOT: PSS. Moreover, our proposed NGONR-based devices also demonstrate a negligible current hysteresis along with improved stability. This work provides an effective route for substituting

    PEDOT: PSS as the effective HTL.

  16. PVDF-ErGO-GRC electrode: A single setup electrochemical system for separation, pre-concentration and detection of lead ions in complex aqueous samples
    Hamsawahini K, Sathishkumar P, Ahamad R, Yusoff AR
    Talanta, 2016 Feb 1;148:101-7.
    PMID: 26653429 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.044
    An effective electrode was developed based on electromembrane extraction (EME) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) for simultaneous separation, pre-concentration and determination of lead (II) (Pb(II)) ions in complex aqueous samples. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-graphite reinforced carbon (ErGO-GRC) was utilized in conjunction with the SWV. Pb(II) ions were extracted from an aqueous sample solution into an acidic acceptor phase (1M HCl) in the lumen of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bag by the application of voltage of maximum 6 V across the supported liquid membrane (SLM), consisting of organic solvent and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The parameters affecting the EME were optimized for Pb(II) ions. The optimum EME conditions were found to be 20% D2EHPA in 1-octanol impregnated in the wall of PVDF membrane (PVDF17) as the SLM, extraction time of 20 min, pH of sample solution of 8 and a voltage of 5 V. The PVDF-ErGO-GRC electrode system attained enrichment factors of 40 times and 80% of extraction with relative standard deviations (n=5) of 8.3%. Good linearity ranging from 0.25 to 2 nM with coefficients correlation of 0.999 was obtained. The Pb(II) ions detection limit of PVDF-ErGO-GRC electrode was found to be 0.09 nM. The newly developed single setup electrochemical system was applied to complex aqueous samples such as tap, river and sea water to evaluate the feasibility of the method for applications.
  17. A new sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) in Benfield sample
    Qureshi MS, Mohd Yusoff AR, Shah A, Nafady A, Sirajuddin
    Talanta, 2015 Jan;132:541-7.
    PMID: 25476342 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.005
    Vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) can be determined by using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry technique (DPCSV). Cupferron (ammonium N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine) was used as ligand to form complex compounds with vanadium ions in Britton-Robinson buffer (BRB) solution. At concentration lower than 1.0×10(-6) M, both V(IV) and V(V) cupferron complexes showed a single cathodic peak at -0.576 V in BRB of pH 4; thus V(IV) and V(V) ions cannot be differentiated at low concentration. However, the ionic species of vanadium can be differentiated at high concentration in the presence of cupferron. Parameters including pH of BRB solution, initial potential and accumulation potential were optimized. Under the optimized parameters, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.09 nM, and the peak current was linear in the concentration range 0.01-0.9 µM total vanadium ions. The determination of V(IV) and V(V) ions was carried out at higher concentration in the sample using calibration plot method. At higher concentration range of 10-60 µM V(IV) and V(V) ions were determined with LOD of 1.2 and 1.1 µM, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to 10,00,000 fold diluted Benfield sample and 0.6227 M total vanadium ions were determined. The determination of V(IV) and V(V) ions were also successfully carried out in artificial sample as well as Benfield sample (dilution factor, 10,000). The concentration of V(IV) and V(V) ions was 22.52 µM and 38.91 µM, respectively, giving total vanadium concentration of 0.6143 M in Benfield sample.
  18. Mercury contamination in the estuaries and coastal sediments of the Strait of Malacca
    Looi LJ, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM, Hashim Z
    Environ Monit Assess, 2015 Jan;187(1):4099.
    PMID: 25380712 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4099-5
    Sediment is a great indicator for assessing coastal mercury contamination. This work profiled the magnitude of mercury pollution in the tropical estuaries and coastal sediments of the Strait of Malacca. Mercury was extracted through the ultrasound-assisted mercury extraction method and analyzed using the flow injection mercury system. The mean concentration of mercury in the sediment samples was 61.43 ± 23.25 μg/kg, ranging from 16.55 ± 0.61 to 114.02 ± 1.54 μg/kg. Geoaccumulation index revealed that a total of 13% of sampling sites were moderately enriched with mercury. The northern part of the Strait of Malacca had the highest mean mercury (Hg) concentration (76.36 ± 27.25 μg/kg), followed by the southern (64.59 ± 16.09 μg/kg) and central (39.33 ± 12.91 μg/kg) parts. Sediment mercury concentration in the current study was lower than other regions like Japan, China, Indian, east Mediterranean, and Taiwan. When compared to the Canadian interim marine and freshwater sediment, China's soil interim environmental guidelines, mercury contamination in the Strait of Malacca was found to be below these permissible limits. Sediment organic matter content was found to have significant correlation with sediment mercury concentration. This study could provide the latest benchmark of mercury pollution and prove beneficial to future pollution studies in relation to monitoring works in tropical estuaries and coastal sediments.
  19. Availability and Utilization of Pigments from Microalgae
    Begum H, Yusoff FM, Banerjee S, Khatoon H, Shariff M
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2016 Oct 02;56(13):2209-22.
    PMID: 25674822 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.764841
    Microalgae are the major photosynthesizers on earth and produce important pigments that include chlorophyll a, b and c, β-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins. Presently, synthetic colorants are used in food, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, due to problems associated with the harmful effects of synthetic colorants, exploitation of microalgal pigments as a source of natural colors becomes an attractive option. There are various factors such as nutrient availability, salinity, pH, temperature, light wavelength, and light intensity that affect pigment production in microalgae. This paper reviews the availability and characteristics of microalgal pigments, factors affecting pigment production, and the application of pigments produced from microalgae. The potential of microalgal pigments as a source of natural colors is enormous as an alternative to synthetic coloring agents, which has limited applications due to regulatory practice for health reasons.
  20. Fulltext Effect of the antihypertensive drug enalapril on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat
    Chandran G, Sirajudeen KN, Yusoff NS, Swamy M, Samarendra MS
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2014;2014:608512.
    PMID: 25254079 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608512
    Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in hypertension and hypertension induced organ damage. This study examined the effect of enalapril, an antihypertensive drug, on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered SHR. Male rats were divided into four groups (SHR, SHR+enalapril, SHR+L-NAME, and SHR+enalapril+L-NAME). Enalapril (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was administered from week 4 to week 28 and L-NAME (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was administered from week 16 to week 28 in drinking water. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured during the experimental period. At the end of experimental periods, rats were sacrificed; urine, blood, and kidneys were collected for the assessment of creatinine clearance, total protein, total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as histopathological examination. Enalapril treatment significantly enhanced the renal TAS level (P < 0.001) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), reduced the TBARS levels (P < 0.001), and also prevented the renal dysfunction and histopathological changes. The results indicate that, besides its hypotensive and renoprotective effects, enalapril treatment also diminishes oxidative stress in the kidneys of both the SHR and SHR+L-NAME groups.
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