Displaying publications 301 - 320 of 328 in total

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  1. Fulltext Antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extract on selected fungal species causing otomycosis in in-vitro culture medium
    Puvan Arul Arumugam, Irfan Mohamad, Rosdan Salim, Zeehaida Mohamed
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(2):69-84.
    MyJurnal
    Azadirachta indica (neem) has been used for a long time in agricultural and alternative medicine. Neem
    had been proved effective against certain fungi that could infect human body. This pilot study aims to
    demonstrate the antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extracts on the pathogenic fungi in otomycosis,
    Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This is a laboratory-controlled prospective study conducted at
    Universiti Sains Malaysia. The powder form of Malaysian neem leaf was prepared. Ethanol and aqueous
    extracts of the neem leaf was diluted with sterile water to establish five different concentrations of 50 g/
    ml, 25 g/ml, 12.5 g/ml, 6.25 g/ml and 3.125g/ml. The extract was tested on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
    suspended with Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger respectively. Well diffusion method was used
    and zone of inhibition was measured. Growth of the fungi was inhibited in both alcohol and aqueous
    extract concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Malaysian neem aqueous extract
    against Candida albicans was 11.91 g/ml, neem ethanol extract against Candida albicans was 5.16 g/
    ml, neem aqueous extract against Aspergillus niger was 7.73 g/ml and neem ethanol extract against
    Aspergillus niger was 9.25 g/ml. Statistical analysis showed that the antifungal activity of Candida
    albicans is better in alcohol neem than aqueous extract (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  2. Fulltext Treatment of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in Asia: A Consensus Guide
    Cheong WK, Yeung CK, Torsekar RG, Suh DH, Ungpakorn R, Widaty S, et al.
    Skin Appendage Disord, 2016 May;1(4):187-96.
    PMID: 27386464 DOI: 10.1159/000444682
    Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is common in Asia. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1-5% in adults. However, larger population-based studies into the epidemiology of SD in Asia are lacking, and the aetiology of SD may differ widely from Western countries and in different parts of Asia. In addition, clinically significant differences between Asian and Caucasian skin have been reported. There is a need to define standardized clinical diagnostic criteria and/or a grading system to help determine appropriate treatments for SD within Asia. With this in mind, experts from India, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Italy convened to define the landscape of SD in Asia at a meeting held in Singapore. The consensus group developed a comprehensive algorithm to aid clinicians to recommend appropriate treatment of SD in both adults and children. In most cases, satisfactory therapeutic results can be accomplished with topical antifungal agents or topical corticosteroids. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents with antifungal properties have been shown to be a viable option for both acute and maintenance therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  3. Fulltext Synthesis, biological evaluation and corrosion inhibition studies of transition metal complexes of Schiff base
    Kashyap S, Kumar S, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Shah SAA, Om H, et al.
    Chem Cent J, 2018 Nov 20;12(1):117.
    PMID: 30460466 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0487-1
    BACKGROUND: The transition metal complexes formed from Schiff base is regarded as leading molecules in medicinal chemistry. Because of the preparative availability and diversity in the structure of central group, the transition metals are important in coordination chemistry. In the present work, we have designed and prepared Schiff base and its metal complexes (MC1-MC4) and screened them for antimicrobial, anticancer and corrosion inhibitory properties.

    METHODOLOGY: The synthesized metal complexes were characterized by physicochemical and spectral investigation (UV, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR) and were further evaluated for their antimicrobial (tube dilution) and anticancer (SRB assay) activities. In addition, the corrosion inhibition potential was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Antimicrobial screening results found complexes (MC1-MC4) to exhibit less antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial species compared to ofloxacin while the complex MC1 exhibited greater antifungal activity than the fluconazole. The anticancer activity results found the synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes to elicit poor cytotoxic activity than the standard drug (5-fluorouracil) against HCT116 cancer cell line. Metal complex MC2 showed more corrosion inhibition efficiency with high Rct values and low Cdl values.

    CONCLUSION: From the results, we can conclude that complexes MC1 and MC2 may be used as potent antimicrobial and anticorrosion agents, respectively.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  4. Fulltext Conjunctiva Necrosis Following Subconjunctival Amphotericin B Injection in Fungal Keratitis
    Han Shu T, Hussein A, Kursiah MR
    Cureus, 2019 Sep 05;11(9):e5580.
    PMID: 31695999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5580
    A 30-year-old Bangladeshi gentleman presented with history of sand entering his left eye and was diagnosed as having fungal keratitis by private ophthalmologist. He was treated with three doses of conventional subconjunctival amphotericin B injections (1.5 mg of amphotericin B and 1.2 mg of deoxycholate) over the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and topical antibiotics. Subsequently, he developed conjunctival necrosis over the site of injections and there was no clinical improvement of the keratitis. He was then treated with intensive antifungal and antibiotics eye drops. Debridement of epithelial plug was done and he was given intracameral amphotericin B injection. There was gradual improvement observed then with conjunctival epithelialization. The conjunctival tissue was completely healed after three months along with the corneal ulcer. Subconjunctival injection of Amphotericin B (AMB) may be considered as an adjunct therapy in severe fungal keratitis to address the issue of compliance. Close monitoring is needed due to its known complication of scleritis, scleral thinning and conjunctival necrosis. Liposomal AMB which is known to cause less toxicity given via subconjunctival injection in human subjects needs to be further studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  5. Isolation and characterization of Enterococcus faecium DSM 20477 with ability to secrete antimicrobial substance for the inhibition of oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans UKMCC 1019
    Ng ZJ, Zarin MA, Lee CK, Phapugrangkul P, Tan JS
    Arch Oral Biol, 2020 Feb;110:104617.
    PMID: 31794906 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104617
    Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are the main oral pathogens which contribute to dental caries that affects all ages of human being.

    OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on the potential of crude cell free supernatant (CCFS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to inhibit of the growth of S. mutans UKMCC 1019.

    DESIGN: A total of 61 CCFS from LAB strains were screened for their inhibitory ability against S. mutans UKMCC 1019 by broth microdilution method. The selected LAB with highest antimicrobial activity was identified and its CCFS was characterized for pH stability, temperature tolerance, enzyme sensitivity, metabolism of carbohydrates, enzymatic activities and antimicrobial activity against S. mutans UKMCC 1019 and C. albicans UKMCC 3001 by well diffusion assay. The effect of CCFS on cell structure of S. mutans UKMCC 1019 was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

    RESULTS: The CCFS from isolate CC2 from Kimchi showed the highest inhibition against S. mutans UKMCC 1019, which was 76.46 % or 4406.08 mm2/mL and it was identified to be most closely related to Enterococcus faecium DSM 20477 based on 16 s rRNA sequencing. The CCFS of E. faecium DSM 20477 had high tolerance to acidic and alkaline environment as well as high temperature. It also shows high antifungal activities against C. albicans UKMCC 3001 with 2362.56 mm2/mL. Under TEM, the cell walls and the cytoplasm membrane of S. mutans UKMCC 1019 were disrupted by the antimicrobial substance, causing cell lysis.

    CONCLUSIONS: Hence, the CCFS from E. faecium DSM 20477 is a potential bacteriocin in future for the treatment of dental caries.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  6. Electron microscopy studies of the effects of garlic extract against trichophyton rubrum
    FARZAD AALA, UMI KALSOM YUSUF, ROSIMAH NULIT
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1585-1590.
    Trichophyton rubrum is one of dermatophytes that penetrates keratinized tissues such as skin, hair and nail of human and animals. Recently, antifungal drugs such as imodazole and triazole was found to cause side effects, toxicity to patients and also not very efficient due to resistance to these drugs. As an alternative, some plants extract had been used to treat dermatophytes. This studies was done using Garlic extract (Allium sativum) to evaluate its effects on the growth of hypha of Trichophyton using Electron miscroscopy. Garlic had been known to posses antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antitumor activities. This studies found that garlic extract as low as 4 mg/mL inhibit the growth of hypha. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that hypha treated with garlic extract showed shrinkage, flat and cell wall demolition, similar to hypha treated with allicin (positive control) having rough surface, shrinkage and distortion. The tip of hypa became large after treatment with garlic extract. Transmission electron microscopy studies also found that hypha treated with allicin display cell wall thickening, local thickening, destruction of cytoplasmic content, mean while hypha treated with garlic extract exhibited cell wall thickening, disordered hyphal tip and desolution of cytoplasmic compartments and similar with hypha treated with allicin. These results showed that garlic extract and pure allicin could be use as an alternative to treat dermatophytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  7. Green synthesis of selenium-N-heterocyclic carbene compounds: Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer potential
    Kamal A, Nazari V M, Yaseen M, Iqbal MA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2019 09;90:103042.
    PMID: 31226469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103042
    Three benzimidazolium salts (III-V) and respective selenium adducts (VI-VIII) were designed, synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques (FT-IR and NMR 1H, 13C). Selected salts and respective selenium N-Heterocyclic carbenes (selenium-NHC) adducts were tested in vitro against Cervical Cancer Cell line (Hela), Breast Adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), Retinal Ganglion Cell line (RGC-5) and Mouse Melanoma Cell line (B16F10) using MTT assay and the results were compared with standard drug 5-Fluorouracil. Se-NHC compounds and azolium salts showed significant anticancer potential. Molecular docking studies of compounds (VI, VII and VIII) showed strong binding energies and ligand affinity toward following angiogenic factors: VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), EGF (human epidermal growth factor), HIF (Hypoxia-inducible factor) and COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) suggesting that the anticancer activity of adducts (VI, VII and VIII) may be due to their strong anti-angiogenic effect. In addition, compounds III-VIII were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. Adduct VI was found to be potent anti-fungal agent against A. Niger with zone of inhibition (ZI) value 27.01 ± 0.251 mm which is better than standard drug Clotrimazole tested in parallel.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  8. Initial screening of mangrove endophytic fungi for antimicrobial compounds and heavy metal biosorption potential
    Ling Onn M, Teen Lim P, Aazani Mujahid, Proksch P, Müller M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1063-1071.
    Endophytic fungi provide protection to their host plant and the fungi often produce antimicrobial compounds to aid the host
    fighting off pathogens. These bioactive compounds were secondary metabolites which were often produced as waste- or
    by-products. In the present study, endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plants and soils were characterized and their
    antimicrobial production and bioremediation potential of heavy metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were assessed. Twelve
    (12) isolated and identified endophytic fungi belonged to seven species; Penicillium, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Aspergillus,
    Guignardia, Neusartorya and Eupenicillium. Antimicrobial activities of these 12 fungal endophytes were tested against
    Gram negative bacteria; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram positive bacteria; Escherichia coli and fungi;
    Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger among others. Two isolates (related to Guignardia sp. and Neusartoya sp.) showed
    strong antimicrobial (and antifungal) activity whereas the rest showed no activity. Compounds were isolated from both
    isolates and screened using HPLC. Both isolates displayed chemically very interesting chromatograms as they possessed a
    high diversity of basic chemical structures and peaks over a wide range of polarities, with structures similar to Trimeric
    catechin and Helenalin among others. For bioremediation assessment, the results showed maximum biosorption capacity
    for two isolates related to Curvularia sp. and Neusartorya sp., with the former removing 25 mg Cu/g biomass and the
    latter removing 24 mg Zn/g biomass. Our results indicated the potential of mangrove endophytic fungi in producing
    bioactive compounds and also highlighted their potential for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  9. Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Studies of Metal Complexes of 2-methoxy-4-((3-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    Mishra A, Tahlan S, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Shah SAA, Narasimhan B
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(13):1311-1317.
    PMID: 32368977 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200505124125
    BACKGROUND: Being derived from primary amine and aromatic aldehyde, Schiff base and their complexes have an imperative role in the improvement of inorganic chemistry, which are broadly studied as coordination compounds and are gradually becoming more important in biochemical and analytical applications.

    METHODS: They have also been used for antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitubercular activities. Novel synthesised Schiff's base 2-methoxy-4-((3-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol (SB) and its metal complexes (Zn[II], Cu[II], Co[II] and Ni[II]) were characterised by UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Formation of the Schiff base and the metal (Zn[II], Cu[II], Co[II] and Ni[II]) chelates was supported by spectral and analytical data. The ligand and metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and antifungal activity against the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Further, the synthesised compounds were also screened for antiproliferative activity against the human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line using the Sulforhodamine B assay.

    RESULT: Metal complexes formed were found to enhance the potency of the Schiff base due to coordination with a copper complex, showing better activity than others.

    CONCLUSION: Copper complex was observed to be more potent than other complexes against all the pathogenic microbes and cancer cell line (HCT116).

    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  10. Fulltext Polyphenols as key players for the antileukaemic effects of propolis
    Abubakar MB, Abdullah WZ, Sulaiman SA, Ang BS
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:371730.
    PMID: 24772179 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371730
    Propolis (a bee product) which has a long history of medicinal use by humans has attracted a great deal of research interest in the recent time; this is due to its widely reported biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties. Crude form of propolis and its phenolic contents have both been reported to exhibit antileukaemic effects in various leukaemia cell lines. The ability of the polyphenols found in propolis to arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis and differentiation in addition to inhibition of cell growth and proliferation makes them promising antileukaemic agents, and hence, they are believed to be a key to the antileukaemic effects of propolis in different types of leukaemia. This paper reviews the molecular bases of antileukaemic activity of both crude propolis and individual polyphenols on various leukaemia cell lines, and it indicates that propolis has the potential to be used in both treatment and prevention of leukaemia. This however needs further evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies as well as clinical trials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
  11. Fulltext Antifungal effectiveness of various intracanal medicaments against Candida albicans: an ex-vivo study
    Chua EG, Parolia A, Ahlawat P, Pau A, Amalraj FD
    BMC Oral Health, 2014;14:53.
    PMID: 24886335 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-53
    To investigate the antifungal activity of propolis, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol on Candida albicans-infected root canal dentinal tubules at two different depths (200 μm and 400 μm) and two time intervals (day 1 and 7).
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
  12. Fulltext Growth inhibitory response and ultrastructural modification of oral-associated candidal reference strains (ATCC) by Piper betle L. extract
    Nordin MA, Wan Harun WH, Abdul Razak F, Musa MY
    Int J Oral Sci, 2014 Mar;6(1):15-21.
    PMID: 24406634 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.97
    Candida species have been associated with the emergence of strains resistant to selected antifungal agents. Plant products have been used traditionally as alternative medicine to ease mucosal fungal infections. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Piper betle extract on the growth profile and the ultrastructure of commonly isolated oral candidal cells. The major component of P. betle was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). Seven ATCC control strains of Candida species were cultured in yeast peptone dextrose broth under four different growth environments: (i) in the absence of P. betle extract; and in the presence of P. betle extract at respective concentrations of (ii) 1 mg⋅mL(-1); (iii) 3 mg⋅mL(-1); and (iv) 6 mg⋅mL(-1). The growth inhibitory responses of the candidal cells were determined based on changes in the specific growth rates (µ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe any ultrastructural alterations in the candida colonies. LC-MS/MS was performed to validate the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract. Following treatment, it was observed that the µ-values of the treated cells were significantly different than those of the untreated cells (P<0.05), indicating the fungistatic properties of the P. betle extract. The candidal population was also reduced from an average of 13.44×10(6) to 1.78×10(6) viable cell counts (CFU)⋅mL(-1). SEM examination exhibited physical damage and considerable morphological alterations of the treated cells. The compound profile from LC-MS/MS indicated the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid, chavibetol and hydroxychavicol in P. betle extract. The effects of P. betle on candida cells could potentiate its antifungal activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
  13. Fulltext Bacterial and fungal keratitis in Upper Egypt: in vitro screening of enzymes, toxins and antifungal activity
    Gharamah AA, Moharram AM, Ismail MA, Al-Hussaini AK
    Indian J Ophthalmol, 2014 Feb;62(2):196-203.
    PMID: 24008795 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.116463
    This work was conducted to study the ability of bacterial and fungal isolates from keratitis cases in Upper Egypt to produce enzymes, toxins, and to test the isolated fungal species sensitivity to some therapeutic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use*
  14. Conidiobolomycosis in a young Malaysian woman showing chronic localized fibrosing leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a case report and meta-analysis focusing on clinicopathologic and therapeutic correlations with outcome
    Choon SE, Kang J, Neafie RC, Ragsdale B, Klassen-Fischer M, Carlson JA
    Am J Dermatopathol, 2012 Jul;34(5):511-22.
    PMID: 22728716 DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0b013e31823db5c1
    Conidiobolomycosis (also known as rhinoentomophthoramycosis) is a rare cutaneous/mucosal fungal infection seen mainly in the tropical rain forest regions of the world that can be associated with disfiguring facial elephantiasis, and rarely, death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  15. Tricuspid valve papillary fibroelastoma: a rare tumor with a diagnostic dilemma
    Haron H, Yusof MR, Maskon O, Ooi J, Rahman MR
    Heart Surg Forum, 2012 Feb;15(1):E59-60.
    PMID: 22360910 DOI: 10.1532/HSF98.20111000
    Papillary fibroelastoma is a rare primary tumor of the heart valves. This lesion can occur on any of the valves or endothelial surface of the heart and has been detected by echocardiography, by cardiac catheterization, during open heart operations for other conditions, and at autopsy. Because of the potential for comorbidities, this tumor should be removed. We present the case of an elderly man with a diagnosis of severe mitral valve regurgitation and moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation who was suspected to have a tricuspid valve vegetation. Mitral valve replacement, tricuspid valve repair, and excision of the lesion were performed successfully. A histologic examination of the vegetation confirmed it to be a papillary fibroelastoma. We present this case to emphasize the rarity of this tumor and the importance of a correct diagnosis to avoid delaying its prompt and definitive management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  16. Fulltext Candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with negative donor rim culture
    Muzaliha MN, Adil H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2010;10:18.
    PMID: 20537193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-10-18
    Candida glabrata endophthalmitis following keratoplasty is rare and almost always associated with positive donor rim culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage
  17. Fulltext Invasive aspergillosis in paediatric oncology patients
    Muda Z, Ibrahim H, Abdulrahman EJ, Menon BS, Zahari Z, Zaleha AM, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):415-6.
    PMID: 19803305 MyJurnal
    Invasive aspergillosis predominantly occurs in immunocompromised patients and is often resistant to different therapeutically strategies. However, mortality significantly increases if the central nervous system is affected. In this report we describe two cases of invasive aspergilosis, one with kidney involvement with a successful treatment while the other with pulmonary and cerebral involvement with a grave outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  18. Increased expression and hotspot mutations of the multidrug efflux transporter, CDR1 in azole-resistant Candida albicans isolates from vaginitis patients
    Looi CY, D' Silva EC, Seow HF, Rosli R, Ng KP, Chong PP
    FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2005 Aug 15;249(2):283-9.
    PMID: 16006060
    The aims of our research were to investigate the gene expression of the multidrug efflux transporter, CDR1 and the major drug facilitator superfamily transporter, MDR1 gene in azole drug-resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata clinical isolates recovered from vaginitis patients; and to identify hotspot mutations that may be present in the C. albicans CaCDR1 gene that could be associated with drug-resistance. The relative expression of the CDR1 and MDR1 transcripts in ketoconazole and clotrimazole-resistant isolates and drug-susceptible ATCC strains were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of CaCDR1 transcript was upregulated to varying extents in all three azole-resistant C. albicans isolates studied (1.6-, 3.7- and 3.9-fold) and all three C. glabrata isolates tested (at 1.9-, 2.3- and 2.7-fold). The overexpression level of CaCDR1 in the isolates correlated with the degree of resistance as reflected by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs. The messenger RNA for another efflux pump, MDR1, was also overexpressed in one of the azole-resistant C. albicans isolates that overexpressed CDR1. This finding suggests that drug-resistance may involve synergy between energy-dependent drug efflux pumps CDR1p and MDR1p in some but not all isolates. Interestingly, DNA sequence analysis of the promoter region of the CaCDR1 gene revealed several point mutations in the resistant clinical isolates compared to the susceptible isolates at 39, 49 and 151 nucleotides upstream from the ATG start codon. This finding provides new information on point mutations in the promoter region which may be responsible for the overexpression of CDR1 in drug-resistant isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
  19. Molecular differentiation and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida parapsilosis isolated from patients with bloodstream infections
    Tay ST, Na SL, Chong J
    J Med Microbiol, 2009 Feb;58(Pt 2):185-191.
    PMID: 19141735 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.004242-0
    The genetic heterogeneity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida parapsilosis isolated from blood cultures of patients were investigated in this study. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis generated 5 unique profiles from 42 isolates. Based on the major DNA fragments of the RAPD profiles, the isolates were identified as RAPD type P1 (29 isolates), P2 (6 isolates), P3 (4 isolates), P4 (2 isolates) and P5 (1 isolate). Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene of the isolates identified RAPD type P1 as C. parapsilosis, P2 and P3 as Candida orthopsilosis, P4 as Candida metapsilosis, and P5 as Lodderomyces elongisporus. Nucleotide variations in ITS gene sequences of C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were detected. Antifungal susceptibility testing using Etests showed that all isolates tested in this study were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole. C. parapsilosis isolates exhibited higher MIC(50) values than those of C. orthopsilosis for all of the drugs tested in this study; however, no significant difference in the MICs for these two Candida species was observed. The fact that C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were responsible for 23.8 and 4.8 % of the cases attributed to C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections, respectively, indicates the clinical relevance of these newly described yeasts. Further investigations of the ecological niche, mode of transmission and virulence of these species are thus essential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
  20. Erythematous verrucous plaque on the hand
    Yee EY, Choon SE
    Cutis, 2018 Oct;102(4):223;230;231.
    PMID: 30489556
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
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