MyMedR

A Case of Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma of the Maxillary Sinus Presented with Intraoral Extension

Singhvi A, Joshi A

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Sep;22(5):89-92.

Melanoma of the sinonasal cavity has a high incidence of amelanotic presentation. Its diagnosis is difficult for clinicians and pathologists because of its hidden location and lack of pigmentation at the microscopic level. We reported a case of amelanotic melanoma of the maxillary sinus that showed aggressive extension to the oral cavity after extraction of the maxillary tooth. Histologically, the lesion resembled a plasmacytoid tumour. Diagnosis was made through the positive immunohistochemical staining for S100 and HMB-45.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth

Fulltext Epidemiologic and virologic investigation of hand, foot, and mouth disease, southern Vietnam, 2005

Van Tu P, Thao NTT, Perera D, Truong KH, Tien NTK, Thuong TC, et al.

Emerg Infect Dis, 2007 Nov;13(11):1733-41.

PMID: 18217559 DOI: 10.3201/eid1311.070632

During 2005, 764 children were brought to a large children's hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with a diagnosis of hand, foot, and mouth disease. All enrolled children had specimens (vesicle fluid, stool, throat swab) collected for enterovirus isolation by cell culture. An enterovirus was isolated from 411 (53.8%) of the specimens: 173 (42.1%) isolates were identified as human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and 214 (52.1%) as coxsackievirus A16. Of the identified HEV71 infections, 51 (29.5%) were complicated by acute neurologic disease and 3 (1.7%) were fatal. HEV71 was isolated throughout the year, with a period of higher prevalence in October-November. Phylogenetic analysis of 23 HEV71 isolates showed that during the first half of 2005, viruses belonging to 3 subgenogroups, C1, C4, and a previously undescribed subgenogroup, C5, cocirculated in southern Vietnam. In the second half of the year, viruses belonging to subgenogroup C5 predominated during a period of higher HEV71 activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/transmission; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology*

Combined transnasal and transoral endoscopic approach to a transsphenoidal encephalocele in an infant

Tan SH, Mun KS, Chandran PA, Manuel AM, Prepageran N, Waran V, et al.

Childs Nerv Syst, 2015 Jul;31(7):1165-9.

PMID: 25712744 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2667-9

This paper reports an unusual case of a transsphenoidal encephalocele and discusses our experience with a minimally invasive management. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a combined endoscopic transnasal and transoral approach to a transsphenoidal encephalocele in an infant.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth/surgery*

Predictive model of oral cancer metastasis for different cancer sites and age groups

Siriwardena BS, Rasnayaka RM, Masood Y, Masood M, Kumarasiri PV, Tilakaratne WM

J Investig Clin Dent, 2016 May;7(2):127-31.

PMID: 25573428 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12145

AIM: The high incidence rates for oral cancer (excluding lip) are especially found in the South and South-East Asia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sex, age, site, and metastasis of a large sample with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

METHODS: A total of 989 OSCC treated with neck dissection were selected. All the relevant data were recorded from biopsy request forms. The patients were divided into seven groups, and there were nine different oral sites.

RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio of the sample was 4:1. Most of the patients were aged between 30 and 60 years. Of the 989 patients, approximately 40% patients had metastasis. Age <30 years showed a higher probability of metastasis compared to higher age groups, but it was not statistically significant. Palate cancers had more than 14 times higher chance of metastasis, followed by maxilla (4.6 times) and tongue (2.8 times).

CONCLUSION: The present study provides important information on the metastatic potential of OSCC in different oral sites, and identifies high-risk age groups for metastasis. This will be helpful in planning neck treatment for OSCC.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*

Fulltext Global genome comparative analysis reveals insights of resistome and life-style adaptation of Pseudomonas putida strain T2-2 in oral cavity

Chan XY, Chua KO, How KY, Yin WF, Chan KG

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:930727.

PMID: 25436236 DOI: 10.1155/2014/930727

Most Pseudomonas putida strains are environmental microorganisms exhibiting a wide range of metabolic capability but certain strains have been reported as rare opportunistic pathogens and some emerged as multidrug resistant P. putida. This study aimed to assess the drug resistance profile of, via whole genome analysis, P. putida strain T2-2 isolated from oral cavity. At the same time, we also compared the nonenvironmental strain with environmentally isolated P. putida. In silico comparative genome analysis with available reference strains of P. putida shows that T2-2 has lesser gene counts on carbohydrate and aromatic compounds metabolisms, which suggested its little versatility. The detection of its edd gene also suggested T2-2's catabolism of glucose via ED pathway instead of EMP pathway. On the other hand, its drug resistance profile was observed via in silico gene prediction and most of the genes found were in agreement with drug-susceptibility testing in laboratory by automated VITEK 2. In addition, the finding of putative genes of multidrug resistance efflux pump and ATP-binding cassette transporters in this strain suggests a multidrug resistant phenotype. In summary, it is believed that multiple metabolic characteristics and drug resistance in P. putida strain T2-2 helped in its survival in human oral cavity.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth/microbiology*

Fulltext People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and HIV/AIDS associated oral lesions; a study in Malaysia

Khan SA, Moorthy J, Omar H, Hasan SS

BMC Public Health, 2012;12:850.

PMID: 23043358 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-850

The continuous increase in number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) represents a serious health and economic burden. HIV positive individuals with oral lesions have significantly lower oral health-related quality of life than HIV positive individuals without oral lesions. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) within a cohort of HIV/AIDS positive patients towards HIV/AIDS associated oral lesions.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/virology*

Isolation of viable Toxoplasma gondii cysts from brain samples for oral infection

Puvanesuaran VR, Ibrahim N, Noordin R, Balakrishnan V

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012 Sep;16(9):1179-83.

PMID: 23047500

AIM: A method was developed to separate contaminant-free viable Toxoplasma gondii cysts from brain samples of infected mice for molecular biology studies and reinfection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice brains were homogenized and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) Tween 80 prior to fractionation using 19-22% dextran solution. Finally, the supernatant was purified by two-step membrane filtration (100-160 microm and < 10 microm) to obtain pure T. gondii cyst. The isolates were analyzed through microscopic observation, qPCR and by reinfection of new batch of mice.
RESULTS: T. gondii cysts were best isolated with 21% dextran solution and two step filtration.
CONCLUSIONS: The method was observed not to disrupt the integrity of the cysts containing bradyzoites. In addition, the isolated cysts in the filtrate were found to be contaminant-free, viable and able to infect healthy mice when introduced orally; which, mimics the natural infectivity pathway.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth/parasitology*

Fulltext Antiproliferative effect of Tualang honey on oral squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines

Ghashm AA, Othman NH, Khattak MN, Ismail NM, Saini R

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:49.

PMID: 20840769 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-49

The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and human osteosarcoma (HOS) includes surgery and/or radiotherapy which often lead to reduced quality of life. This study was aimed to study the antiproliferative activity of local honey (Tualang) on OSCC and HOS cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/therapy*

Oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Malaysian children: a 40-year experience

Jalil Ab, Hin-Lau S

Int J Paediatr Dent, 2009 Sep;19(5):349-53.

PMID: 19486369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2009.00985.x

BACKGROUND: Oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally seen in children.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathological features of oral LCH in Malaysian paediatric patients.
METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out to determine the clinicopathological features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, eosinophilic granuloma, and histiocytosis X occurring in the oral cavity in children, diagnosed histologically in the main oral histopathology laboratory in Malaysia from 1967 to 2007.
RESULT: There were 17 cases (eight girls and nine boys) with age ranging from 1 to 7 years. There were ten Malays, four Chinese, two Indians, and one of other ethnicity. Thirteen cases presented as gingival swellings with six of these cases accompanied with mobility of the teeth. Nine cases involved the mandible, two in the maxilla, and two cases in both the maxilla and mandible. The radiographic findings were mentioned only in nine cases with presence of bony erosion or destruction of the jaw bones. Four cases had punched-out radiolucencies of the skull. The patients also had other systemic signs and symptoms: skin lesions (n = 5), hepatosplenomegaly (n = 2), prolonged fever (n = 2), diabetes insipidus (n = 1), and exophthalmos (n = 1). Two cases were known cases of systemic LCH.
CONCLUSION: The histopathologic features of LCH are easily recognized; however, with the development of immunostaining, the use of CD1a helps in confirming the diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/pathology*

Superficial cervical plexus block combined with auriculotemporal nerve block for drainage of dental abscess in adults with difficult airways

Ling KU, Hasan MS, Ha KO, Wang CY

Anaesth Intensive Care, 2009 Jan;37(1):124-6.

PMID: 19157359

We report our use of a superficial cervical plexus block to manage three adults who presented for drainage of dental abscesses. All patients had difficult airways related to severe trismus (preoperative inter-incisor distance < or = 1.5 cm). The first two patients, whose abcesses involved both the submandibular and submasseteric spaces, were managed with combined superficial cervical plexus and auriculotemporal nerve block. In a third patient, a superficial cervical plexus block alone was sufficient because the abscess was confined to the submandibular region. The blocks were successful in all three cases with minimal requirement for supplemental analgesia. We recommend the consideration of superficial cervical plexus block, and if necessary an auriculotemporal nerve block, for the management of selected patients with difficult airways who present for drainage of dental abcesses.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/surgery*

The induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus in mice

Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ

Oral Dis, 2006 Jul;12(4):387-94.

PMID: 16792724

To determine whether oral tolerance with the oral bacterium Actinomyces viscosus was inducible in mice.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/microbiology*

Oral candidal species among smokers and non-smokers

Rasool S, Siar CH, Ng KP

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2005 Nov;15(11):679-82.

PMID: 16300700

To determine the various oral Candidal species among healthy Malaysian adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth/microbiology*

Outcome of Palliative and Radical Radiotherapy in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - a Retrospective Study

Rai NP, Divakar DD, Al Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, Mustafa SM, Durgesh BH, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(16):6919-22.

PMID: 26514468

BACKGROUND: The treatment selection for the oral squamous cell carcinoma remains controversial. Radiation therapy or surgical excision of the lesion can be applied as the sole treatment or it can be used in combination with other treatment modalities. Radiotherapy is considered to be the safest of all the treatment modalities and can be used in several situations for oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival outcome differences in patients treated with radical and palliative radiotherapy as the primary treatment modality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 47 patients with oral cancer reporting to our hospital between years 2009 to 2010. The age group for the selected patients was more than 65 years, treated with radical and palliative radiotherapy with no prior surgical interventions. Patients were evaluated till Dec 2013 for overall survival time.

RESULTS: Twenty nine patients were treated with radical radiotherapy as main stay of treatment, out of which 21 died during the follow up time with median survival of 352 ± 281.7 days with 8 patients alive. All the 16 patients were dead who received palliative radiotherapy with a median survival time of 112 ± 144.0 days.

CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study showed improved overall survival time, loco regional control rates and reduced morbidity in patients treated with radical radiotherapy when compared to patients treated with palliative radiotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy*

Fulltext Status of research and development of vaccines for enterovirus 71

Reed Z, Cardosa MJ

Vaccine, 2016 06 03;34(26):2967-2970.

PMID: 26973065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.077

Although outbreaks of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in young children have long been recognized worldwide, the occurrence of rare and life-threatening neurological, respiratory, and cardiac complications has propelled this common condition into the spotlight as a major public health problem in the affected countries. Various enteroviruses cause HFMD, but the severe complications have been mostly associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71). Medical treatment is supportive and measures to interrupt transmission have been challenging to implement. Preventive vaccines could have an important clinical impact, especially among children younger than 3 years old who are most susceptible to the neurological complications. Several groups in the highly affected Asia-Pacific region are working towards vaccines against EV71 and some candidates have progressed to late-stage clinical trials with two vaccines recently reported to have been approved by the regulatory authorities in China. This report summarizes current issues and progress in the development of vaccines against EV71.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/prevention & control*

Downregulation of CRNN gene and genomic instability at 1q21.3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Salahshourifar I, Vincent-Chong VK, Chang HY, Ser HL, Ramanathan A, Kallarakkal TG, et al.

Clin Oral Investig, 2015 Dec;19(9):2273-83.

PMID: 25846277 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1467-7

OBJECTIVES: This study includes the direct sequencing of cornulin (CRNN) gene to elucidate the possible mechanism of CRNN downregulation and explore the genetic imbalances at 1q21.3 across oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In mutation screening of CRNN gene, gDNA from OSCC tissues were extracted, amplified, and followed by direct sequencing. OSCC samples were also subjected to fragment analysis on CRNN gene to investigate its microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate CRNN downregulation in OSCC samples.

RESULTS: No pathogenic mutation was found in CRNN gene, while high frequency of allelic imbalances was found at 1q21.3 region. MSI was found more frequent (25.3 %) than LOH (9.3 %). Approximately 22.6 % of cases had high MSI which reflects higher probability of inactivation of DNA mismatch repair genes. MSI showed significant association with no betel quid chewing (p = 0.003) and tongue subsite (p = 0.026). LOH was associated with ethnicity (p = 0.008) and advanced staging (p = 0.039). The LOH at 1q21.3 was identified to be as an independent prognostic marker in OSCC (HRR = 7.15 (95 % CI, 1.41-36.25), p = 0.018). Downregulation of CRNN was found among MSI-positive OSCCs and was associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.044).

CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant correlation between LOH/MSI at 1q21.3 with clinical outcomes and that downregulation of CRNN gene could be considered as a prognostic marker of OSCC.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Insights of the downregulation mode of CRNN gene lays the basis of drug development on this gene as well as revealing its prognostic value.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/genetics*

Fulltext Lower lip numbness due to peri-radicular dental infection

Ngeow WC

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Dec;53(4):446-8.

PMID: 10971994

Lower lip numbness has always been a sinister symptom. Much has been written about it being the sole symptom of pathological lesions and metastatic tumours in the mandible. It may also be a symptom of manifestations of certain systemic disorders. A case of lower lip numbness resulting from the compression of the mental nerve by a peri-radicular abscess is presented because of the unusual nature of this spread of infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Diseases/etiology*

Sarcoid-like foreign body reaction in body piercing: a report of two cases

Ng KH, Siar CH, Ganesapillai T

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 1997 Jul;84(1):28-31.

PMID: 9247945

We report two cases of body piercing as a religious practice that subsequently led to the development of granulomatous nodules at previously punctured sites of the skin and oral mucosa. These lesions were diagnosed as sarcoid-like foreign body reaction after other possible causes including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, tuberculoid leprosy, fungal infections, viral infections, and Crohn's disease were excluded.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/injuries

Denture hyperplasia and oncocytic metaplasia

Siar CH, Ng KH, Ngui CH

Ann Dent, 1992;51(1):27-8.

PMID: 1632623

A case of denture hyperplasia of the upper labial sulcus with concomitant oncocytic metaplastic changes is described. The patient concerned is an elderly male wearing an ill-fitting upper full denture.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Mucosa/pathology*

Profile of periodontal conditions in selected West Malaysian adults

Rahimah AK

Singapore Dent J, 1994 Jan;19(1):4-7.

PMID: 9582675

To obtain the profile of periodontal conditions in West Malaysian adults, five small scale surveys were carried out on selected occupational adult groups, 20-54 years old, between 1987 to 1990. Periodontal assessment was made using the CPITN index. In all, 779 subjects were examined. Results indicated that only 16% of the adults examined had healthy gingivae. Bleeding of the gingivae was limited to the younger (20-24 years) age group. Calculus is highly prevalent in at least 65.5% of all the subjects examined. Periodontal pockets were limited to mostly shallow pockets and the risk of developing pockets increased with increasing age. Both navy personnel and factory workers showed a higher number of healthy sextants across all ages as compared to the other three occupational groups; viz., rubber tappers, villagers and government workers. The rubber tappers were the only group with deep pockets, with the prevalence ranging between 8 to 25%. Implications of the findings to the Malaysian dental delivery system are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth, Edentulous/epidemiology

Prevalence of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions in elderly Malaysians

Ali TB, Jalalluddin RL, Abdul Razak I, Zain RB

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1996;9:24-7.

PMID: 10050195

A house to house survey on elderly subjects aged 60 years old and above was undertaken in a large district in Malaysia. A total of 486 subjects in randomly selected Enumeration Blocks were interviewed and examined. The prevalence of oral precancerous lesions was recorded at 3.3%, of which leukoplakia was the most common. When the ethnic distribution of these oral precancerous and cancerous (OPC) lesions was compared, 72% of those inflicted were Indians. Oral cancer was detected in two subjects (0.4%), both of whom were of Indian origin. Among subjects with OPC lesions, 4.2% were smokers, 12.7% were betelquid chewers, 11.8% had indulged in both habits, whilst one subject had not practised any of the oral habits of interest (0.4%). The findings suggest the occurrence of OPC lesions to be related to betelquid chewing.
Publication year=1996-1997

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology*

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