Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 62 in total

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  1. Fulltext Production of spray-dried Sarawak pineapple (Ananas comosus) powder from enzyme liquefied puree
    Pui, L. P., Ng. J. M. L., Wong, C. W.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(4):1631-1636.
    MyJurnal
    Spray drying is used widely for converting liquid food products into powder form as the dried powder is known to have a longer shelf life at ambient temperature, convenience to use and low transportation expenditure. In this study, the Sarawak pineapple puree was spray-dried and the characterization of the resulting powder was performed. The process of enzyme liquefaction was optimized with Pectinex® Ultra SP-L and Celluclast® 1.5 L (single and combined treatment) at different concentrations (0–2.5 %) and incubation time (0-2.5 hours). The combined treatment with both enzymes (1.5% v/w Pectinex® Ultra SP-L + 0.5% v/w Celluclast® 1.5 L, 1.5 hour) was found to be the best parameter, which produced purees with the lowest viscosity of 67.98 ± 4.27 cp. Optimization of spray drying process was carried out using different inlet temperatures (150-180°C) and maltodextrin concentrations (15-30 % w/w). Results indicated that the spraydried powder produced at 160°C with 15% w/w of maltodextrin has the highest yield (31.63 %). The spray-dried powder was further characterized for the moisture content (6.00 ± 0.63%), water activity (0.36 ± 0.01 Aw), hygroscopicity (17.35 ± 0.64%), bulk density (0.46 ± 0.04 g/ cm3 ) and solubility (87.33 ± 2.08 seconds). The fruit powder of this study can be incorporated into different fruit added –value products, such as fruit juice, yogurt, jelly and other beverages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  2. Dominant influence of the terminal molecule of PNIPA chain on wettability
    Nurul Huda, Nahida Sultana, Mohd. Rashid
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:309-315.
    Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) brushes on silicon substrate was constructed and molecular weight and polydispersity index was controlled precisely. Molecular behavior of the PNIPA grafted surface was observed by using captive bubble contact angle method. A very interesting phenomenon of high density PNIPA grafted membrane with a chloride terminal molecule was observed. The contact angle of high density PNIPA-Cl increased sharply while the temperature rises above 32oC. But in the case of PNIPA gel surface the contact angle result decreases sharply while the temperature reaches above lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In order to identify the reason behind this abnormal behavior of PNIPA-Cl grafted membrane, the terminal chloride molecule of PNIPA chain was modified to less electronegative azide (-N3) as well as carboxylic acid (-COOH). Finally it was found that terminal molecule of high density PNIPA grafted membrane has a great influences on the wettability change of PNIPA membrane in water by changing the temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  3. Fulltext Optimization of spray drying parameters for white dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) juice powder using response surface methodology (rsm)
    Norzaida Yusof, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Kharidah Muhammad
    Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2020;5(2):45-56.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to optimize the production of spray-dried white dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) powder using resistant maltodextrin as wall material. The inlet air temperature (140 °C, 150 °C and 160 °C), outlet temperature (75 °C, 80 °C and 85 °C) and resistant maltodextrin concentrations (20%, 25% and 30%) were tested as independent variables. Process yield, moisture content, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity and bulk density of the powders were analysed as responses. Process yield significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  4. Fulltext Application of artificial neural networks for the optimisation of wetting contact angle for lead free Bi-Ag soldering alloys
    Nima Ghamarian, Azmah Hanim, M.A., Nahavandi, M., Zulkarnain Zainal, Lim, Hong Ngee
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(4):1255-1260.
    MyJurnal
    In the recent years, electronic packaging provides significant research and development challenges
    across multiple disciplines such as performance, materials, reliability, thermals and interconnections.
    New technologies and techniques frequently adopted can be implemented in soldering alloys of
    semiconductor sectors in terms of optimisation. Wetting contact angle or wettability of solder alloys
    is one of the important factors which has got the attention of scholars. Hence in this study, due to the
    remarkable similarity over classical solder alloys (Pb-Sn), Bi-Ag solder was investigated. Data were
    collected through the effects of aging time variation and different weight percentages of Ag in solder
    alloys. The contact angle of the alloys with Cu plate was measured by optical microscopy. Artificial
    neural networks (ANNs) were applied on the measured datasets to develop a numerical model for further
    simulation. Results of the experiments and simulations showed that the coefficient of determination (R2
    )
    is around 0.97, which signifies that the ANN set up is appropriate for the evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  5. Clay-polymer nanocomposites: Progress and challenges for use in sustainable water treatment
    Mukhopadhyay R, Bhaduri D, Sarkar B, Rusmin R, Hou D, Khanam R, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2020 02 05;383:121125.
    PMID: 31541959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121125
    Contaminant removal from water involves various technologies among which adsorption is considered to be simple, effective, economical, and sustainable. In recent years, nanocomposites prepared by combining clay minerals and polymers have emerged as a novel technology for cleaning contaminated water. Here, we provide an overview of various types of clay-polymer nanocomposites focusing on their synthesis processes, characteristics, and possible applications in water treatment. By evaluating various mechanisms and factors involved in the decontamination processes, we demonstrate that the nanocomposites can overcome the limitations of individual polymer and clay components such as poor specificity, pH dependence, particle size sensitivity, and low water wettability. We also discuss different regeneration and wastewater treatment options (e.g., membrane, coagulant, and barrier/columns) using clay-polymer nanocomposites. Finally, we provide an economic analysis of the use of these adsorbents and suggest future research directions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  6. Fulltext Effects of Slug Size, Soaking, and Injection Schemes on the Performance of Controlled Ions Water Flooding in Carbonates
    Moradpour N, Karimova M, Pourafshary P, Zivar D
    ACS Omega, 2020 Jul 28;5(29):18155-18167.
    PMID: 32743190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01766
    The results of many previous studies on low salinity/controlled ions water (CIW) flooding suggest that future laboratory and modeling investigations are required to comprehensively understand and interpret the achieved observations. In this work, the aim is co-optimization of the length of the injected slug and soaking time in the CIW flooding process. Furthermore, the possibility of the occurrence of several governing mechanisms is studied. Therefore, the experimental results were utilized to develop a compositional model, using CMG GEM software, in order to obtain the relative permeability curves by history matching. It was concluded that CIW slug injection, concentrated in the potential-determining ion, can increase oil recovery under a multi ion exchange (MIE) mechanism. The wettability of the carbonate rocks was changed from a mixed or oil wet state toward more water wetness. However, there is a CIW slug length, beyond which extending the length does not significantly improve the rock wettability, and consequently, the oil production, which is known as the optimum slug size. This implies that the optimization of the injection process, by minimizing the slug size, can decrease the need for the CIW supply, therefore lowering the process expenditure. Moreover, if the exposure time of the rock and CIW is increased (soaking), a higher level of ion substitution is probable, leading to more oil detachment and production. Rock dissolution/precipitation (leading to a pH change) was found to have a negligible contribution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  7. Oleophilicity and oil-water separation by reduced graphene oxide grafted oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres
    Mohd Shaiful Sajab, Wan Nurmawaddah Wan Abdul Rahman, Chin Hua Chia, Sarani Zakaria, Hatika Kaco, An’amt Mohamed Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1891-1896.
    Absorption is one of the effective, simple and economical methods to remove oil from oily wastewater. The most widely
    used approach is to utilize lignocellulosic biomass as oil absorbent. However, the hygroscopic of cellulose have limited
    the oil-water separation capability of lignocellulosic fibers. In this study, the surface functionality of oil palm empty
    fruit bunch (EFB) fibers was slightly altered by grafting reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The modified EFB fibers show
    a distinct morphological and chemical characteristics changes as the surface of fibers has been coated with rGO. This
    was supported by FTIR analysis with the diminishing peak of hydroxyl group region of EFB fibers. While the surface
    modification on EFB fibers shows a diminution of a hydrophilic characteristic of 131.6% water absorption in comparison
    with 268.9% of untreated EFB fibers. Moreover, modified fibers demonstrated an oil-water separation increment as well,
    as it shows 89% of oil uptake and improved ~17 times of oil selectivity in oil-water emulsion than untreated EFB fibers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  8. Fulltext Surface Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene Hollow Fiber Membrane for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation through Low-Density Polyethylene Solution Coating
    Mohd Ramli MR, Ahmad AL, Leo CP
    ACS Omega, 2021 Feb 23;6(7):4609-4618.
    PMID: 33644568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05107
    Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive technology for the separation of highly saline water used with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber (HF) membrane. A hydrophobic coating of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) coats the outer surface of the PTFE membrane to resolve membrane wetting as well as increase membrane permeability flux and salt rejection, a critical problem regarding the MD process. LDPE concentrations in coating solution have been studied and optimized. Consequently, the LDPE layer altered membrane morphology by forming a fine nanostructure on the membrane surface that created a hydrophobic layer, a high roughness of membrane, and a uniform LDPE network. The membrane coated with different concentrations of LDPE exhibited high water contact angles of 135.14 ± 0.24 and 138.08 ± 0.01° for membranes M-3 and M-4, respectively, compared to the pristine membrane. In addition, the liquid entry pressure values of LDPE-incorporated PTFE HF membranes (M-1 to M-5) were higher than that of the uncoated membrane (M-0) with a small decrease in the percentage of porosity. The M-3 and M-4 membranes demonstrated higher flux values of 4.12 and 3.3 L m-2 h-1 at 70 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the water permeation flux of 1.95 L m-2 h-1 for M-5 further decreased when LDPE concentration is increased.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  9. Fulltext The physicochemical properties of microwave-assisted encapsulated anthocyanins from Ipomoea batatas as affected by different wall materials
    Mohd Nawi N, Muhamad II, Mohd Marsin A
    Food Sci Nutr, 2015 Mar;3(2):91-9.
    PMID: 25838887 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.132
    This study focuses on the impact of different wall materials on the physicochemical properties of microwave-assisted encapsulated anthocyanins from Ipomoea batatas. Using the powder characterization technique, purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPAs) powders were analysed for moisture content, water activity, dissolution time, hygroscopicity, color and morphology. PSPAs were produced using different wall materials: maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and a combination of gum arabic and maltodextrin (GA + MD) at a 1:1 ratio. Each of the wall materials was homogenized to the core material at a core/wall material ratio of 5 and were microencapsulated by microwave-assisted drying at 1100 W. Results indicated that encapsulated powder with the GA and MD combination presented better quality of powder with the lowest value of moisture content and water activity. With respect to morphology, the microcapsule encapsulated with GA + MD showed several dents in coating surrounding its core material, whereas other encapsulated powders showed small or slight dents entrapped onto the bioactive compound. Colorimetric analysis showed changes in values of L, a*, b*, hue and chroma in the reconstituted powder compared to the initial powder.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  10. Fulltext The comparison between two irrigation regimens on the dentine wettability for an epoxy resin based sealer by measuring its contact angle formed to the irrigated dentine
    Mohan RP, Pai AR
    J Conserv Dent, 2015 Jul-Aug;18(4):275-8.
    PMID: 26180409 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.159717
    The aim was to assess the influence of two irrigation regimens having ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with cetrimide (EDTAC) as final irrigants, respectively, on the dentine wettability for AH Plus sealer by comparing its contact angle formed to the irrigated dentine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  11. Fulltext Correlation between the bending strength and the thickness interlayer of alumina-mild steel friction welded at lower rotational speed
    Mohamad Zaky Noh, Luay Bakir Hussain, Zainal Arifin Ahmad
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2007(1):75-82.
    MyJurnal
    The joining of ceramic-metal could be done through a few techniques: brazing, diffusion bonding, friction welding etc. However, the mechanism of ceramic-metal joining was still not properly understood. In this study, alumina rod was bonded to mild steel rod via friction welding technique by using Al 1100 sheet as interlayer. The diameter of the rods was 10 mm. Friction pressure of 20 MPa and forging pressure of 40 MPa were used. Rotational speeds were maintained at 900 rpm and friction times of 2 to 20 seconds were applied. The joining strength was determined through four point bending test. The maximum bending strength, 240 MPa was obtained at the friction times of 20 seconds. Under optical microscope and SEM observation, the deformation of the aluminum interface was clearly obtained. Mechanical interlocking and close contact between the aluminaaluminum and aluminum-mild steel were observed at magnifications of 3000X. The strength of alumina-steel bonding is much dependent on the wettability of the alumina surface by the molten aluminum and the existing of mechanical interlocking between interlayer and sample materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  12. Effects of different polyaniline emeraldine compositions in electrodepositing ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcapsules coating: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation
    Lukman SK, Saidin S
    J Biomed Mater Res A, 2020 05;108(5):1171-1185.
    PMID: 31994824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36891
    Even though drug-eluting stent (DES) has prominently reduced restenosis, however, its complication of delayed endothelialization has caused chronic side effect. A coating of ginseng-based biodegradable polymer could address this issue due to its specific therapeutic values. However, deposition of this type of stable coating on metallic implant often scarce. Therefore, in this study, different polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine compositions were adopted to electrodeposit ginsenoside encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcapsules coating. The coating surfaces were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy instruments. A month coating stability was then investigated with an evaluation of in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cell analyses consisted of cytotoxicity and cells attachment assessments. The 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine has assisted the formation of stable, uniform, and rounded microcapsules coating with appropriate wettability and roughness. Less than 1.5 mg PANI emeraldine was not enough to drive the formation of microcapsules coating while greater than 1.5 mg caused the deposition of melted microcapsules. The similar coating also has promoted greater cells proliferation and attachment compared to other coating variation. Therefore, the utilization of electrodeposition to deposit a drug-based polymer coating could be implemented to develop DES, in accordance to stent implantation which ultimately aims for enrich endothelialization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  13. Dynamic Interfacial Adhesion through Cucurbit[n]uril Molecular Recognition
    Liu J, Tan CSY, Scherman OA
    Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2018 07 16;57(29):8854-8858.
    PMID: 29663607 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800775
    Supramolecular building blocks, such as cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n])-based host-guest complexes, have been extensively studied at the nano- and microscale as adhesion promoters. Herein, we exploit a new class of CB[n]-threaded highly branched polyrotaxanes (HBP-CB[n]) as aqueous adhesives to macroscopically bond two wet surfaces, including biological tissue, through the formation of CB[8] heteroternary complexes. The dynamic nature of these complexes gives rise to adhesion with remarkable toughness, displaying recovery and reversible adhesion upon mechanical failure at the interface. Incorporation of functional guests, such as azobenzene moieties, allows for stimuli-activated on-demand adhesion/de-adhesion. Macroscopic interfacial adhesion through dynamic host-guest molecular recognition represents an innovative strategy for designing the next generation of functional interfaces, biomedical devices, tissue adhesives, and wound dressings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  14. Why does vacuum drive to the loading of halloysite nanotubes? The key role of water confinement
    Lisuzzo L, Cavallaro G, Pasbakhsh P, Milioto S, Lazzara G
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2019 Jul 01;547:361-369.
    PMID: 30974251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.012
    The filling of halloysite nanotubes with active compounds solubilized in aqueous solvent was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on Knudsen thermogravimetric data, we demonstrated the water confinement within the cavity of halloysite. This process is crucial to properly describe the driving mechanism of halloysite loading. In addition, Knudsen thermogravimetric experiments were conducted on kaolinite nanoplates as well as on halloysite nanotubes modified with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecanoate) in order to explore the influence of both the nanoparticle morphology and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of the lumen on the confinement phenomenon. The analysis of the desorption isotherms allowed us to determine the water adsorption properties of the investigated nanoclays. The pore sizes of the nanotubes' lumen was determined by combining the vapor pressure of the confined water with the nanoparticles wettability, which was studied through contact angle measurements. The thermodynamic description of the water confinement inside the lumen was correlated to the influence of the vacuum pumping in the experimental loading of halloysite. Metoprolol tartrate, salicylic acid and malonic acid were selected as anionic guest molecules for the experimental filling of the positively charged halloysite lumen. According to the filling mechanism induced by the water confinement, the vacuum operation and the reduced pressure enhanced the loading of halloysite nanotubes for all the investigated bioactive compounds. This work represents a further and crucial step for the development of halloysite based nanocarriers being that the filling mechanism of the nanotube's cavity from aqueous dispersions was described according to the water confinement process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  15. Starch granules as Pickering emulsifiers: Role of octenylsuccinylation and particle size
    Li S, Li C, Yang Y, He X, Zhang B, Fu X, et al.
    Food Chem, 2019 Jun 15;283:437-444.
    PMID: 30722895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.020
    The present study aimed at investigating the effects of octenylsuccinylation and particle size on the emulsifying properties of starch granules as Pickering emulsifiers. Starch spherulites (1-5 μm), native rice starch (5-10 μm), waxy maize starch (10-20 μm) and waxy potato starch (20-30 μm) were modified with octenylsuccinic anhydride. Results showed that octenylsuccinylation caused a significant increase in the contact angle, and there was a weak positive linear correlation with the emulsifying capacity of the starch granules. After octenylsuccinylation, smaller particles of octenylsuccinate-starch granules exhibited better emulsifying properties with smaller droplet size and lower creaming index. Overall, both octenylsuccinylation and particle size have important effects on the emulsifying properties of starch granules as Pickering stabilizers. This study could be useful in the design and development of starch-based Pickering emulsifiers, and provide potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  16. Fulltext Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Poly(D-lactic acid) Nanocomposite Membrane for Water Filtration Purpose
    Kian LK, Jawaid M, Alamery S, Vaseashta A
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Jan 20;11(2).
    PMID: 33498162 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020255
    The development of membrane technology from biopolymer for water filtration has received a great deal of attention from researchers and scientists, owing to the growing awareness of environmental protection. The present investigation is aimed at producing poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) membranes, incorporated with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) at different loadings of 1 wt.% (PDNC-I, PDNW-I) and 2 wt.% (PDNC-II PDNW-II). From morphological characterization, it was evident that the nanocellulose particles induced pore formation within structure of the membrane. Furthermore, the greater surface reactivity of CNW particles facilitates in enhancing the surface wettability of membranes due to increased hydrophilicity. In addition, both thermal and mechanical properties for all nanocellulose filled membranes under investigation demonstrated significant improvement, particularly for PDNW-I-based membranes, which showed improvement in both aspects. The membrane of PDNW-I presented water permeability of 41.92 L/m2h, when applied under a pressure range of 0.1-0.5 MPa. The investigation clearly demonstrates that CNWs-filled PDLA membranes fabricated for this investigation have a very high potential to be utilized for water filtration purpose in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  17. Fulltext Investigating the Applicability of Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Estimating the Wettability of Sandstone Hydrocarbon Formations
    Khosravi V, Mahmood SM, Zivar D, Sharifigaliuk H
    ACS Omega, 2020 Sep 15;5(36):22852-22860.
    PMID: 32954134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02133
    One of the techniques to increase oil recovery from hydrocarbon reservoirs is the injection of low salinity water. It is shown that the injection of low salinity water changes the wettability of the rock. However, there are argumentative debates concerning low salinity water effect on changing the wettability of the oil/brine/rock system in the oil reservoirs. In this regard, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) as a tool to simulate the phenomena at the molecular level has been used for more than a decade. In this study, the Zisman plot (presented by KRUSS Company) was simulated through MDS, and then, contact angle experiments for n-decane interactions on the Bentheimer substrate in the presence of different concentrations of sodium ions were conducted. MDS was then used to simulate experiments and understand the wettability trend based on free-energy calculations. Hereafter, a new model was developed in this study to correlate free energies with contact angles. The developed model predicted the experimental results with high accuracy (R2 ∼ 0.98). A direct relation was observed between free energy and water contact angle. In contrast, an inverse relation was noticed between the ion concentration and the contact angle such that an increase in the ion concentration resulted in a decrease in the contact angle and vice versa. In other terms, increasing brine ionic concentrations in the presence of n-decane is linked to a decrease in free energies and an increase in the wetting state of a sandstone. The comparison between the developed model's predicted contact angles and experimental observations showed a maximum deviation of 14.32%, which is in satisfactory agreement to conclude that MDS can be used as a valuable and economical tool to understand the wettability alteration process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  18. Fulltext Surface-Functionalized Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles (SPNs) for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Effects of Surface Modifiers and Their Architectures
    Khalil M, Aulia G, Budianto E, Mohamed Jan B, Habib SH, Amir Z, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2019 Dec 17;4(25):21477-21486.
    PMID: 31867543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03174
    Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPNs) have been considered as one of the most studied nanomaterials for subsurface applications, including in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of surface functionalization on the ability of the nanoparticles to improve secondary and tertiary oil recoveries remains unclear. Therefore, investigations on the application of bare and surface-functionalized SPNs in EOR using a sand pack were carried out in this study. Here, the as-prepared SPNs were functionalized using oleic acid (OA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) to obtain several types of nanostructure architectures such as OA-SPN, core-shell SPN@PAM, and SPN-PAM. Based on the result, it is found that both the viscosity and mobility of the nanofluids were significantly affected by not only the concentration of the nanoparticles but also the type and architecture of the surface modifier, which dictated particle hydrophilicity. According to the sand pack tests, the nanofluid containing SPN-PAM was able to recover as much as 19.28% of additional oil in a relatively low concentration (0.9% w/v). The high oil recovery enhancement was presumably due to the ability of suspended SPN-PAM to act as a mobility control and wettability alteration agent and facilitate the formation of a Pickering emulsion and disjoining pressure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  19. Fulltext Wetting/Drying Behavior of Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized Marine Clay Reinforced with Modified Coir Fiber
    Kamaruddin FA, Anggraini V, Kim Huat B, Nahazanan H
    Materials (Basel), 2020 Jun 17;13(12).
    PMID: 32560432 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122753
    The durability of natural and treated clay soil stabilized with lime and alkaline activation (AA) affected by environmental factors (hot and humid) was determined in this study. Investigation and evaluation on the strength of the soil, moisture content, and volume change of the specimen were determined at each curing period (7, 28, and 90 days) based on the weather conditions. An unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the specimen at three different wetting/drying cycles (one, three, and five cycles) was determined. The findings show that the strength of the treated specimens fluctuated with increment and decrement strength (one and three cycles) in the range of 1.41 to 1.88 MPa (lime) and 2.64 to 8.29 MPa (AA), while for five cycles with a curing period of 90 days the decrement was in the range of 1.62 to 1.25 MPa and 6.06 to 5.89 MPa for lime and AA, respectively. The decrement percentage for treated samples that were subjected to five cycles of wetting and drying in 90 days was found to be 20.38% (lime) and 38.64% (AA), respectively. Therefore, it can be summarized that wetting/drying cycles have a significant influence on the durability, strength, and the volume changes of the specimens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
  20. Fulltext Multifaceted Characterization And In Vitro Assessment Of Polyurethane-Based Electrospun Fibrous Composite For Bone Tissue Engineering
    Jiang H, Mani MP, Jaganathan SK
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2019;14:8149-8159.
    PMID: 31632024 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S214646
    Introduction: Recently several new approaches were emerging in bone tissue engineering to develop a substitute for remodelling the damaged tissue. In order to resemble the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human tissue, the bone scaffolds must possess necessary requirements like large surface area, interconnected pores and sufficient mechanical strength.

    Materials and methods: A novel bone scaffold has been developed using polyurethane (PE) added with wintergreen (WG) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The developed nanocomposites were characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tensile testing. Furthermore, anticoagulant assays, cell viability analysis and calcium deposition were used to investigate the biological properties of the prepared hybrid nanocomposites.

    Results: FESEM depicted the reduced fibre diameter for the electrospun PE/WG and PE/WG/TiO2 than the pristine PE. The addition of WG and TiO2 resulted in the alteration in peak intensity of PE as revealed in the FTIR. Wettability measurements showed the PE/WG showed decreased wettability and the PE/WG/TiO2 exhibited improved wettability than the pristine PE. TGA measurements showed the improved thermal behaviour for the PE with the addition of WG and TiO2. Surface analysis indicated that the composite has a smoother surface rather than the pristine PE. Further, the incorporation of WG and TiO2 improved the anticoagulant nature of the pristine PE. In vitro cytotoxicity assay has been performed using fibroblast cells which revealed that the electrospun composites showed good cell attachment and proliferation after 5 days. Moreover, the bone apatite formation study revealed the enhanced deposition of calcium content in the fabricated composites than the pristine PE.

    Conclusion: Fabricated nanocomposites rendered improved physico-chemical properties, biocompatibility and calcium deposition which are conducive for bone tissue engineering.

    Matched MeSH terms: Wettability
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