Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 169 in total

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  1. A comparison of four gutta-percha filling techniques in simulated C-shaped canals
    Soo WK, Thong YL, Gutmann JL
    Int Endod J, 2015 Aug;48(8):736-46.
    PMID: 25130364 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12371
    To compare four gutta-percha filling techniques in simulated C-shaped canals based on filling quality at three cross-sectional levels, filling time and the apical extrusion of gutta-percha.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  2. Investigation of Filler Effects on the Compounding of Freeze-dried Orodispersible Tablets Containing Annona muricata Extract
    Azman SEN, Abd Razak FS, Kamal WHBW, Zheng GK, Ming LC, Uddin AH, et al.
    Int J Pharm Compd, 2020 11 21;24(6):509-514.
    PMID: 33217741
    Orally disintegrating tablets are a solid dosage form that will disintegrate rapidly within 3 minutes upon contact with saliva. Fillers or diluents are excipients that are used to make up the volume of orally disintegrating tablets, and some might act as a disintegrant or binder that will affect the physical properties of orally disintegrating tablets. The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate physical properties of orally disintegrating tablets containing Annona muricata leaves extract by a freeze-drying method using different fillers at different concentrations. In this study, fifteen formulations of orally disintegrating tablets were prepared by a freeze-drying method with different fillers such as starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, StarLac, and CombiLac at 5%, 10%, and 15%. The orally disintegrating tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, and disintegration time test. The optimum formulation was chosen and incorporated with Annona muricata leaves extract. The results obtained in this work indicated that Formulation 3, with 15% starch, was the most optimum formulation due to the shortest disintegration time (21.08 seconds ± 4.24 seconds), and all the physical tests were within the acceptable range. The orally disintegrating tablets containing Annona muricata leaves extract possessed antioxidant activity and stable at least for 3 months under 60°C and 75% relative humidity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  3. Harnessing amphiphilic polymeric micelles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: Breakthroughs and bottlenecks
    Kaur J, Mishra V, Singh SK, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, et al.
    J Control Release, 2021 06 10;334:64-95.
    PMID: 33887283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.014
    Amphiphilic block copolymers are widely utilized in the design of formulations owing to their unique physicochemical properties, flexible structures and functional chemistry. Amphiphilic polymeric micelles (APMs) formed from such copolymers have gained attention of the drug delivery scientists in past few decades for enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, molecular targeting, sustained release, stimuli-responsive properties, enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug associated toxicity. Their properties including ease of surface modification, high surface area, small size, and enhanced permeation as well as retention (EPR) effect are mainly responsible for their utilization in the diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. However, some of the challenges associated with their use are premature drug release, low drug loading capacity, scale-up issues and their poor stability that need to be addressed for their wider clinical utility and commercialization. This review describes comprehensively their physicochemical properties, various methods of preparation, limitations followed by approaches employed for the development of optimized APMs, the impact of each preparation technique on the physicochemical properties of the resulting APMs as well as various biomedical applications of APMs. Based on the current scenario of their use in treatment and diagnosis of diseases, the directions in which future studies need to be carried out to explore their full potential are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  4. Fulltext Green Flexible Polyurethane Foam as a Potent Support for Fe-Si Adsorbent
    Ahmad A, Jamil SNAM, Shean Yaw Choong T, Abdullah AH, Mastuli MS, Othman N, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2019 Dec 04;11(12).
    PMID: 31817283 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122011
    This paper describes the preparation, characterisation, and potential application of flexible palm oil-based polyurethane foam (PUF) as a support for iron-silica (Fe-Si) adsorbent. Fe-Si/polyurethane composite (Fe-Si/PUC) was prepared by impregnating Fe-Si adsorbent onto the surface of PUF by using a novel immersion-drying method. Morphological analysis of Fe-Si/PUC proved that Fe-Si was successfully impregnated onto the surface of PUF. Compression test and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to determine the flexibility and thermal stability of Fe-Si/PUC, respectively. The Fe-Si/PUC removed 90.0% of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution in 60 min. The reusability study showed that Fe-Si/PUC removed 55.9% of MB on the seventh cycle. Hence, the synthesis of Fe-Si/PUC opens up a new path of implementing palm oil-based PUF to assist in the recovery of an adsorbent for environmental clean-up. The mechanism of physical interaction during the impregnation of Fe-Si adsorbent onto PUF was proposed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  5. Fulltext 3D Printed Laminated CaCO3-Nanocellulose Films as Controlled-Release 5-Fluorouracil
    Mohan D, Khairullah NF, How YP, Sajab MS, Kaco H
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Apr 23;12(4).
    PMID: 32340327 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040986
    Drug delivery constitutes the formulations, technologies, and systems for the transport of pharmaceutical compounds to specific areas in the body to exert safe therapeutic effects. The main criteria for selecting the correct medium for drug delivery are the quantity of the drug being carried and the amount of time required to release the drug. Hence, this research aimed to improve the aforementioned criteria by synthesizing a medium based on calcium carbonate-nanocellulose composite and evaluating its efficiency as a medium for drug delivery. Specifically, the efficiency was assessed in terms of the rates of uptake and release of 5-fluorouracil. Through the evaluation of the morphological and chemical properties of the synthesized composite, the established 3D printing profiles of nanocellulose and CaCO3 took place following the layer-by-layer films. The 3D printed double laminated CaCO3-nanocellulose managed to release the 5-fluorouracil as an effective single composition and in a time-controlled manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  6. High-capacity glycol chitosan-based nanoemulsion for efficient delivery of disulfiram
    Abd Kadir E, Uchegbu IF, Schätzlein AG
    Int J Pharm, 2023 Jun 10;640:123036.
    PMID: 37169106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123036
    Disulfiram (DS) is an anti-alcoholism drug capable of acting against important and hard-to-treat cancers. The drug's relative instability and variable absorption/distribution have led to its variable pharmacokinetics and suboptimal exposure. Hence, it was hypothesised that a nano-enabled form of DS might be able to overcome such limitations. Encapsulation of the labile DS was achieved with quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) to form a high-capacity, soybean oil-based DS-GCPQ nanoemulsion. DS-GCPQ showed capability of oil-loading up to 50% v/v for a stable entrapment of high drug content. With increasing oil content (10 to 50% v/v), the mean particle size and polydispersity index were also increased (166 to 351 nm and 0.14 to 0.22, respectively) for a given amount of GCPQ. Formulations showed a highly positive particle surface charge (50.9 ± 1.3 mV), contributing to the colloidal stability of the individual particles. DS-GCPQ showed marked cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell lines with enhanced activity in the presence of copper. An intravenous pharmacokinetic study of DS-GCPQ in vivo showed improved plasma drug stability with a DS half-life of 17 min. Prolonged survival was seen in tumour-bearing animals treated with DS-GCPQ supplemented with copper. In conclusion, DS-GCPQ nanoemulsion has the potential to be developed further for cancer therapeutic purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  7. Fulltext The influence of operational parameters and feed preparation in a convective batch ribbon powder mixer
    Yeow ST, Shahar A, Abdul Aziz N, Anuar MS, Yusof YA, Taip FS
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2011;5:465-9.
    PMID: 22162640 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S25047
    To investigate the effect of feed preparation characteristics and operational parameters on mixing homogeneity in a convective batch ribbon mixer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding/instrumentation; Drug Compounding/methods*
  8. Fulltext Electrodeposition of Ginseng/Polyaniline Encapsulated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Microcapsule Coating on Stainless Steel 316L at Different Deposition Parameters
    Lukman SK, Al-Ashwal RH, Sultana N, Saidin S
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2019;67(5):445-451.
    PMID: 31061369 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00847
    Electrodeposition is commonly used to deposit ceramic or metal coating on metallic implants. Its utilization in depositing polymer microcapsule coating is currently being explored. However, there is no encapsulation of drug within polymer microcapsules that will enhance its chemical and biological properties. Therefore, in this study, ginseng which is known for its multiple therapeutic effects was encapsulated inside biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules to be coated on pre-treated medical grade stainless steel 316L (SS316L) using an electrodeposition technique. Polyaniline (PANI) was incorporated within the microcapsules to drive the formation of microcapsule coating. The electrodeposition was performed at different current densities (1-3 mA) and different deposition times (20-60 s). The chemical composition, morphology and wettability of the microcapsule coatings were characterized through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle analyses. The changes of electrolyte colors, before and after the electrodeposition were also observed. The addition of PANI has formed low wettability and uniform microcapsule coatings at 2 mA current density and 40 s deposition time. Reduction in the current density or deposition time caused less attachment of microcapsule coatings with high wettability records. While prolonging either one parameter has led to debris formation and melted microcapsules with non-uniform wettability measurements. The color of electrolytes was also changed from milky white to dark yellow when the current density and deposition time increased. The application of tolerable current density and deposition time is crucial to obtain a uniform microcapsule coating, projecting a controlled release of encapsulated drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding/instrumentation; Drug Compounding/methods
  9. Cellulose Derivatives Enhanced Stability of Alginate-Based Beads Loaded with Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 against Low pH, High Temperature and Prolonged Storage
    Fareez IM, Lim SM, Zulkefli NAA, Mishra RK, Ramasamy K
    Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2018 09;10(3):543-557.
    PMID: 28493103 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9284-8
    The susceptibility of probiotics to low pH and high temperature has limited their use as nutraceuticals. In this study, enhanced protection of probiotics via microencapsulation was achieved. Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 were immobilised within polymeric matrix comprised of alginate (Alg) with supplementation of cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose (MC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)). L. plantarum LAB12 encapsulated in Alg-HPMC(1.0) and Alg-MC(1.0) elicited improved survivability (91%) in simulated gastric conditions and facilitated maximal release (∼100%) in simulated intestinal condition. Alg-HPMC(1.0) and Alg-MC(1.0) significantly reduced (P 7 log CFU g-1. Alg-MC and Alg-HPMC improved the survival of LAB12 against simulated gastric condition (9.24 and 9.55 log CFU g-1, respectively), temperature up to 90 °C (9.54 and 9.86 log CFU g-1, respectively) and 4-week of storage at 4 °C (8.61 and 9.23 log CFU g-1, respectively) with sustained release of probiotic in intestinal condition (>9 log CFU g-1). These findings strongly suggest the potential of cellulose derivatives supplemented Alg bead as protective micro-transport for probiotic strains. They can be safely incorporated into new functional food or nutraceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding/instrumentation; Drug Compounding/methods*
  10. Detrimental consequences of the paracetamol tablet elastic relaxation during ejection
    Anuar MS, Briscoe BJ
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2010 Aug;36(8):972-9.
    PMID: 20515396 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003610807
    It is generally accepted that the tablet elastic relaxation during compaction plays a vital role in undermining the final tablet mechanical integrity. One of the least investigated stages of the compaction process is the ejection stage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding/instrumentation; Drug Compounding/methods
  11. Fulltext Effect of supercritical fluid density on nanoencapsulated drug particle size using the supercritical antisolvent method
    Kalani M, Yunus R
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:2165-72.
    PMID: 22619552 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S29805
    The reported work demonstrates and discusses the effect of supercritical fluid density (pressure and temperature of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide) on particle size and distribution using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method in the purpose of drug encapsulation. In this study, paracetamol was encapsulated inside L-polylactic acid, a semicrystalline polymer, with different process parameters, including pressure and temperature, using the SAS process. The morphology and particle size of the prepared nanoparticles were determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that increasing temperature enhanced mean particle size due to the plasticizing effect. Furthermore, increasing pressure enhanced molecular interaction and solubility; thus, particle size was reduced. Transmission electron microscopy images defined the internal structure of nanoparticles. Thermal characteristics of nanoparticles were also investigated via differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the changes in crystallinity structure during the SAS process. In vitro drug release analysis determined the sustained release of paracetamol in over 4 weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding/instrumentation; Drug Compounding/methods
  12. Storage stability and degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds in red palm oil microcapsules produced with solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide: A comparison with the spray-drying method
    Lee WJ, Tan CP, Sulaiman R, Hee YY, Chong GH
    Food Chem, 2020 Jan 30;304:125427.
    PMID: 31494501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125427
    Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical carbon dioxide (SEDS) and spray drying (SD) were used to microencapsulate red palm oil (RPO) to prolong the functionality of carotenes and vitamin E. The protective effects provided by SEDS and SD were evaluated in terms of the oxidative stability (65 °C for 35 days), fatty acid compositions, color change and degradation kinetics of carotenes and vitamin E (25 °C, 45 °C, 65 °C, and 85 °C for up to 198 days). SEDS microcapsules (SEDS-M) were the most oxidatively stable (total oxidation (Totox): 26.5), followed by SD microcapsules (SD-M) (34.9) and RPO (56.7). Degradation of carotenes and vitamin E fitted well a first-order kinetic model (average absolute relative deviation = 2-16%). SEDS-M offered better protection to vitamin E (Ea = 36 kJ/mol), whereas SD-M provided better protection for α + β carotene (Ea = 29 kJ/mol). Overall, encapsulation protected RPO during storage, with SEDS-microencapsulated RPO performing better than SD-microencapsulated RPO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  13. Fulltext Physiochemical properties of Kenaf seed oil microcapsules before and after freeze drying and its storage stability
    Hue, W.L., Nyam, K.L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2018;25(4):1502-1509.
    MyJurnal
    Kenaf seed oil contains high amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and bioactive compounds, such as tocopherol and phytosterol. In order to prevent bioactive compounds from oxidation, kenaf seed oil (KSO) was encapsulated by coextrusion technology. KSO and microencapsulated kenaf seed oil (MKSO) were then subjected to accelerated storage to investigate the effect of microencapsulation on the storage stability of kenaf seed oil. The changes of fatty acids profiles and bioactive compounds in oils were evaluated. Result showed that there was significant decreased (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  14. Fulltext Release Mechanisms and Kinetic Models of Gypsum-Sulfur-Zeolite-Coated Urea Sealed with Microcrystalline Wax for Regulated Dissolution
    Eghbali Babadi F, Yunus R, Masoudi Soltani S, Shotipruk A
    ACS Omega, 2021 May 04;6(17):11144-11154.
    PMID: 34056270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04353
    In this study, a mineral-based coated urea was fabricated in a rotary pan coater using a mixture of gypsum/sulfur/zeolite (G25S25Z50) as an effective and low-cost coating material. The effects of different coating compositions on the dissolution rate of urea and the crushing strength and morphology of the coated urea were investigated. A 25:25:50 (wt %) mixture of gypsum/sulfur/zeolite (G25S25Z50) increased the coating effectiveness to 34.1% with the highest crushing strength (31.06 N). The effectiveness of coated urea was further improved to 46.6% with the addition of a microcrystalline wax (3%) as a sealant. Furthermore, the release mechanisms of various urea fertilizers were determined by fitting the release profiles with six mathematical models, namely, the zeroth-order, first-order, second-order, Higuchi, Ritger & Peppas, and Kopcha models. The results showed that the release mechanism of the uncoated urea and all other coated urea followed the Ritger & Peppas model, suggesting the diffusional release from nonswellable delivery systems. In addition, due to the increased mass-transfer resistance, the kinetic constant was decreased from 0.2233 for uncoated urea to 0.1338 for G25S25Z50-coated urea and was further decreased to 0.0985 when 3% Witcovar 146 sealant was applied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  15. Fulltext Acute toxicity profiling of the ethyl acetate fraction of Swietenia macrophylla seeds and in-vitro neuroprotection studies
    Sayyad M, Tiang N, Kumari Y, Goh BH, Jaiswal Y, Rosli R, et al.
    Saudi Pharm J, 2017 Feb;25(2):196-205.
    PMID: 28344469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.05.002
    Swietenia macrophylla (SM) is a medicinally important plant found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The ethyl acetate fraction of the seeds of S. macrophylla (SMEAF) is reported to exhibit potent anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antifeedant activities. Till date, there have been no studies reported on the acute oral toxicity profile of the ethyl acetate fraction of the seeds of SM. The objective of the present study was to determine the acute toxicity of SMEAF and evaluate the in-vitro neuroprotective activity of SMEAF using primary neuronal cell cultures. In acute oral toxicity study, the SMEAF did not produce any lethal signs of morbidity and mortality. Histo-pathological findings, support the safety of SMEAF, as there were no significant changes observed in any of the parameters studied. Based on the results obtained in MTT assay, we infer that SMEAF has a significant neuroprotective effect, as it increased the cell viability and exhibited protection to the neuronal cells against TBHP induced oxidative stress. Thus, SMEAF can be suggested for use in the development of herbal drug formulations with neuroprotective potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  16. Effect of different drying methods on the morphology, crystallinity, swelling ability and tensile properties of nata de coco
    Norhayati Pa'e, Nur Idayu Abd Hamid, Norzieana Khairuddin, Khairul Azly Zahan, Kok FS, Bazlul Mobin Siddique, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:767-773.
    Nata de coco or bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum is a unique type of biocellulose. It contains more than 90% of water. Dried nata was preferred compared to wet form since it is more convenient and portable with stable properties. Therefore, drying process is necessary in order to produce dried nata de coco. Drying method is a key factor that influenced the properties of dried nata de coco produced. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on morphology, crystallinity, swelling ability and tensile strength of dried nata de coco. Nata de coco samples were dried using three physical drying methods such as oven, tray dryer or freeze dryer until it achieved 3-5% moisture content. Obviously, the three drying techniques produced web-like structured nata de coco and quite similar crystallinity which was in range between 87 and 89%. Freeze dried sample showed the largest swelling capacity and tensile strength which was found to be 148 MPa. Different drying method gave different properties of nata de coco. Therefore, the present work proposed the most suitable drying method can be utilized based on the properties of end product needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  17. Investigation of the Effects of Excipients in the Compounding of Amlodipine Besylate Orally Disintegrating Tablets
    Azmi NHS, Ming LC, Uddin ABMH, Sarker ZI, Bin LK
    Int J Pharm Compd, 2022 1 27;26(1):80-87.
    PMID: 35081048
    Oral drug delivery has been recognized as the most desirable drug administration method among other drug delivery routes due to its ease of administration, long shelf life, and low cost. Orally disintegrating tablets disintegrate within seconds in the mouth without the need of water for swallowing. This unique feature of orally disintegrating tablets is favorable to special populations such as geriatric and pediatric patients. Formulation optimization is significant to obtain the optimal combination of tablet constituents, as the tablet composition is influential on dosage-form characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of fillers and percentage on the physical properties of orally disintegrating tablets by using amlodipine as the model drug. Blank orally disintegrating tablets containing different fillers, namely, Sorbolac 400, Granulac 200, and CombiLac with different percentages, were prepared using the wet granulation method and were evaluated based on weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, and disintegration time. Formulation 5 that consists of 25% Granulac 200 showed the optimal result among all formulations with the fastest disintegration time (96.17 s Å} 18.40) and sufficient tablet hardness (4.59 kg Å} 0.70). Hence, formulation 5 was selected as the optimal formulation and incorporated with amlodipine. From this study, it can be concluded that excipients have an essential role in determining the physical properties of orally disintegrating tablets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  18. Fulltext Effect of drying method on functional properties and antioxidant activities of chicken skin gelatin hydrolysate
    Wan Omar WH, Sarbon NM
    J Food Sci Technol, 2016 Nov;53(11):3928-3938.
    PMID: 28035148 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2379-5
    The aim of this study is to investigate the functional and antioxidant properties of chicken skin gelatin hydrolysate (CSGH) as affected by the drying method used in the preparation of gelatin (freeze-dried and vacuum dried). CSGH obtained from freeze-dried gelatin showed better functional properties such as emulsifying activity index (EAI), water holding and oil binding capacity at different pH compared to CSGH produced from vacuum dried gelatin. Meanwhile, the CSGH of the vacuum dried gelatin exhibited a better emulsifying stability index (ESI), foaming capacity and stability. CSGH from freeze-dried gelatin showed better antioxidant, DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  19. Alginate-based matrix tablets for drug delivery
    Veronica N, Heng PWS, Liew CV
    Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2023 Jan;20(1):115-130.
    PMID: 36503355 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2158183
    INTRODUCTION: As a nature-derived polymer with swelling and gelling properties, alginate has found wide biopharma-relevant applications. However, there is comparatively limited attention on alginate in tablet formulations. Therefore, this review aimed to provide an overview of the applications of alginate in solid dosage form formulations.

    AREAS COVERED: This review outlines the role of alginate for oral sustained release formulations. For better insights into its application in drug delivery, the mechanisms of drug release from alginate matrices are discussed alongside the alginate inherent properties and drug properties. Specifically, the influence of alginate properties and formulation components on the resultant alginate gel and subsequent drug release is reviewed. Modifications of the alginate to improve its properties in modulating drug release are also discussed.

    EXPERT OPINION: Alginate-based matrix tablets is useful for sustaining drug release. As a nature-derived polymer, batch consistency and stability raise some concerns about employing alginate in formulations. Furthermore, the alginate gel properties can be affected by formulation components, pH of the dissolution environment and the tablet matrix micro-environment pH. Conscientious efforts are pivotal to addressing these formulation challenges to increase the utilization of alginate in oral solid dosage forms.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
  20. Promises of Molecular Pharmaceutics in the Development of Novel Drug Delivery Formulations
    Kumar P, Chaudhary B, Jain V, Baboota S, Shivanandy P, Alharbi KS, et al.
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2023;20(9):1262-1274.
    PMID: 36380413 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666221114113637
    Molecular pharmaceutics play a critical role in the drug delivery system, representing the direct interconnection of drug bioavailability with its molecular form. There is a diversity in the molecular structures by which it affects its properties, such as amorphous form, crystalline form, partialamorphous molecular dispersion, and disordered state. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the excipients utilized in the formulation process contain various divergent modes used in the formulation process. They include better formulations of any type to obtain good quality pharmaceutical products. This review reveals how the molecular states affect the API and are important in maintaining the quality of dosage forms. Furthermore, the physio-chemical properties of the components and various pharmaceutical approaches employed in the formulation of dosage forms are studied from the point of view of molecular pharmaceutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Compounding
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