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  1. Cenozoic colonisation of the Indian Ocean region by the Australian freshwater-originating glassperch family Ambassidae (Teleostei)
    Ghazali SZ, Lavoué S, Sukmono T, Habib A, Tan MP, Nor SAM
    Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2023 Sep;186:107832.
    PMID: 37263456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107832
    We examined the phylogeny and biogeography of the glassperch family Ambassidae (Teleostei), which is widely distributed in the freshwater, brackish and marine coastal habitats across the Indo-West Pacific region. We first built a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of Ambassidae using five genes. We then used this tree to reconstruct the evolution of the salinity preference and ancestral areas. Our results indicate that the two largest genera of Ambassidae, Ambassis and Parambassis, are each not monophyletic. The most recent common ancestor of Ambassidae was freshwater adapted and lived in Australia about 56 million years ago. Three independent freshwater-to-marine transitions are inferred, but no marine-to-freshwater ones. To explain the distribution of ambassids, we hypothesise two long-distance marine dispersal events from Australia. A first event was towards Southeast Asia during the early Cenozoic, followed by a second one towards Africa during mid-Cenozoic. The phylogenetic signal associated with the salinity adaptation of these events was not detected, possibly because of the selective extinction of intermediate marine lineages. The Ambassidae shares two characteristics with other freshwater fish groups distributed in continental regions surrounding the Indian Ocean: They are too young to support the hypothesis that their distribution is the result of the fragmentation of Gondwana, but they did not retain the phylogenetic signal of their marine dispersal.
  2. A Radiomics Study: Classification of Breast Lesions by Textural Features from Mammography Images
    Letchumanan N, Wong JHD, Tan LK, Ab Mumin N, Ng WL, Chan WY, et al.
    J Digit Imaging, 2023 Aug;36(4):1533-1540.
    PMID: 37253893 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00753-1
    This study investigates the feasibility of using texture radiomics features extracted from mammography images to distinguish between benign and malignant breast lesions and to classify benign lesions into different categories and determine the best machine learning (ML) model to perform the tasks. Six hundred and twenty-two breast lesions from 200 retrospective patient data were segmented and analysed. Three hundred fifty radiomics features were extracted using the Standardized Environment for Radiomics Analysis (SERA) library, one of the radiomics implementations endorsed by the Image Biomarker Standardisation Initiative (IBSI). The radiomics features and selected patient characteristics were used to train selected machine learning models to classify the breast lesions. A fivefold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the ML models and the top 10 most important features were identified. The random forest (RF) ensemble gave the highest accuracy (89.3%) and positive predictive value (66%) and likelihood ratio of 13.5 in categorising benign and malignant lesions. For the classification of benign lesions, the RF model again gave the highest likelihood ratio of 3.4 compared to the other models. Morphological and textural radiomics features were identified as the top 10 most important features from the random forest models. Patient age was also identified as one of the significant features in the RF model. We concluded that machine learning models trained against texture-based radiomics features and patient features give reasonable performance in differentiating benign versus malignant breast lesions. Our study also demonstrated that the radiomics-based machine learning models were able to emulate the visual assessment of mammography lesions, typically used by radiologists, leading to a better understanding of how the machine learning model arrive at their decision.
  3. Determining the main contributing factors to nutrient concentration in rivers in arid northwest China using partial least squares structural equation modeling
    Wang W, Zhang F, Zhao Q, Liu C, Jim CY, Johnson VC, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2023 Oct 01;343:118249.
    PMID: 37245314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118249
    Understanding the main driving factors of oasis river nutrients in arid areas is important to identify the sources of water pollution and protect water resources. Twenty-seven sub-watersheds were selected in the lower oasis irrigated agricultural reaches of the Kaidu River watershed in arid Northwest China, divided into the site, riparian, and catchment buffer zones. Data on four sets of explanatory variables (topographic, soil, meteorological elements, and land use types) were collected. The relationships between explanatory variables and response variables (total phosphorus, TP and total nitrogen, TN) were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to quantify the relationship between explanatory as well as response variables and fit the path relationship among factors. The results showed that there were significant differences in the TP and TN concentrations at each sampling point. The catchment buffer exhibited the best explanatory power of the relationship between explanatory and response variables based on PLS-SEM. The effects of various land use types, meteorological elements (ME), soil, and topography in the catchment buffer were responsible for 54.3% of TP changes and for 68.5% of TN changes. Land use types, ME and soil were the main factors driving TP and TN changes, accounting for 95.56% and 94.84% of the total effects, respectively. The study provides a reference for river nutrients management in arid oases with irrigated agriculture and a scientific and targeted basis to mitigate water pollution and eutrophication of rivers in arid lands.
  4. Fulltext An Ultrasensitive Voltammetric Genosensor for the Detection of Bacteria Vibrio cholerae in Vegetable and Environmental Water Samples
    Futra D, Tan LL, Lee SY, Lertanantawong B, Heng LY
    Biosensors (Basel), 2023 Jun 04;13(6).
    PMID: 37366981 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060616
    In view of the presence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) bacteria in environmental waters, including drinking water, which may pose a potential health risk to humans, an ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for rapid detection of V. cholerae DNA in the environmental sample was developed. Silica nanospheres were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) for effective immobilization of the capture probe, and gold nanoparticles were used for acceleration of electron transfer to the electrode surface. The aminated capture probe was immobilized onto the Si-Au nanocomposite-modified carbon screen printed electrode (Si-Au-SPE) via an imine covalent bond with glutaraldehyde (GA), which served as the bifunctional cross-linking agent. The targeted DNA sequence of V. cholerae was monitored via a sandwich DNA hybridization strategy with a pair of DNA probes, which included the capture probe and reporter probe that flanked the complementary DNA (cDNA), and evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in the presence of an anthraquninone redox label. Under optimum sandwich hybridization conditions, the voltammetric genosensor could detect the targeted V. cholerae gene from 1.0 × 10-17-1.0 × 10-7 M cDNA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.25 × 10-18 M (i.e., 1.1513 × 10-13 µg/µL) and long-term stability of the DNA biosensor up to 55 days. The electrochemical DNA biosensor was capable of giving a reproducible DPV signal with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5.0% (n = 5). Satisfactory recoveries of V. cholerae cDNA concentration from different bacterial strains, river water, and cabbage samples were obtained between 96.5% and 101.6% with the proposed DNA sandwich biosensing procedure. The V. cholerae DNA concentrations determined by the sandwich-type electrochemical genosensor in the environmental samples were correlated to the number of bacterial colonies obtained from standard microbiological procedures (bacterial colony count reference method).
  5. Taxonomy and bioacoustics of some katydids of the tribes Meconematini and Phisidini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Meconematinae) from eastern Sabah
    Tan MK, Jin X, Wang H, Japir R, Chung AYC
    Zootaxa, 2022 Nov 18;5209(4):463-475.
    PMID: 37045377 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.5
    A new species of Meconematini is described from Tabin Wildlife Reserve in eastern Sabah: Cercoteratura repens sp. nov. This is the first report of the genus Cercoteratura in Sabah. Two species of Phisidini, Carliphisis acutipennis (Carl, 1908) and Neophisis (Indophisis) longipennis Jin, 1992, are reported in eastern Sabah for the first time. The calling song of Neophisis (Indophisis) longipennis with a near-complete ultrasonic spectrum is also described.
  6. Taxonomy and bioacoustics of scaly crickets (Orthoptera, Mogoplistidae, Mogoplistinae) from Borneo and Singapore
    Tan MK, Japir R, Chung AYC, Wahab RBHA, Robillard T
    Zootaxa, 2022 Nov 24;5213(2):177-189.
    PMID: 37044943 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.2.6
    A species of scaly cricket is described here: Ornebius lupus sp. nov. from the mangrove forests in Singapore. Ornebius pullus Ingrisch, 2006 is recorded in eastern Sabah for the first time. The calling songs of Cycloptiloides bimaculatus Tan et al., 2021 and Ornebius pullus from Sabah are described. We also revise the diagnosis of Ectatoderus nigrofasciatus Tan et al., 2021 from Brunei Darussalam.
  7. Biomass and eicosapentaenoic acid production from Amphora sp. under different environmental and nutritional conditions
    Cheah YT, Ng BW, Tan TL, Chia ZS, Chan DJC
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2023 Apr;70(2):568-580.
    PMID: 35767864 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2379
    Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could be extracted from diatoms such as Amphora sp. present abundantly in the ecosystems. In view of the key environmental and nutritional factors governing the diatoms growth rate, culture conditions were optimized for the biomass yield, total lipid content, EPA yield, and fatty acid composition under two main cultivation regimes: photoautotrophic and heterotrophic. The fastest growth rate about 0.20 ± 0.02 g/L and the highest EPA yield about 9.19 ± 3.56 mg EPA/g biomass were obtained by adding 10 g/L glucose and sucrose, respectively. Under photoautotrophic culture conditions, Amphora sp. rendered higher EPA yield at 100 rpm and 16:8 light/dark cycle. Total fatty acids produced predominantly comprised of an approximate 40-70% of saturated fatty acids, followed by 10-27% of monounsaturated fatty acids and then 8-25% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These findings were able to pave a way for huge-scale microalgal biomass production in commercial EPA production.
  8. Fulltext Watermelon and dietary advice compared to dietary advice alone following hospitalization for hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomized controlled trial
    Tan PC, Ramasandran G, Sethi N, Razali N, Hamdan M, Kamarudin M
    BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023 Jun 17;23(1):450.
    PMID: 37330467 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05771-7
    BACKGROUND: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) affects about 2% of pregnancies and is at the severe end of the spectrum of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. HG causes severe maternal distress and results in adverse pregnancy outcomes long after the condition may have dissipated. Although dietary advice is a common tool in management, trial evidence to base the advice on is lacking.

    METHODS: A randomized trial was conducted in a university hospital from May 2019 to December 2020. 128 women at their discharge following hospitalization for HG were randomized: 64 to watermelon and 64 to control arm. Women were randomized to consume watermelon and to heed the advice leaflet or to heed the dietary advice leaflet alone. A personal weighing scale and a weighing protocol were provided to all participants to take home. Primary outcomes were bodyweight change at the end of week 1 and week 2 compared to hospital discharge.

    RESULTS: Weight change (kg) at end of week 1, median[interquartile range] -0.05[-0.775 to + 0.50] vs. -0.5[-1.4 to + 0.1] P = 0.014 and to the end of week 2, + 0.25[-0.65 to + 0.975] vs. -0.5[-1.3 to + 0.2] P = 0.001 for watermelon and control arms respectively. After two weeks, HG symptoms assessed by PUQE-24 (Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea over 24 h), appetite assessed by SNAQ (Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire), wellbeing and satisfaction with allocated intervention NRS (0-10 numerical rating scale) scores, and recommendation of allocated intervention to a friend rate were all significantly better in the watermelon arm. However, rehospitalization for HG and antiemetic usage were not significantly different.

    CONCLUSION: Adding watermelon to the diet after hospital discharge for HG improves bodyweight, HG symptoms, appetite, wellbeing and satisfaction.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the center's Medical Ethics Committee (on 21/05/2019; reference number 2019327-7262) and the ISRCTN on 24/05/2019 with trial identification number: ISRCTN96125404 . First participant was recruited on 31/05/ 2019.

  9. Clopidogrel Vs Aspirin Monotherapy Following Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Tan BE, Wong PY, Baibhav B, Thakkar S, Azhar AZ, Rao M, et al.
    Curr Probl Cardiol, 2023 Aug;48(8):101174.
    PMID: 35341798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101174
    Current guidelines recommend 6-12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by aspirin monotherapy indefinitely. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin in the post-PCI population after completing DAPT. We systematically searched 5 electronic databases to identify studies comparing clopidogrel with aspirin following completion of DAPT after PCI. We pooled outcomes for major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiac death, all-cause death, major bleeding, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We included 5 studies with 13,850 patients, of whom 5601 (40.4%) received clopidogrel. Mean follow-up was 12-36 months. All patients received drug-eluting stents. Duration of DAPT before antiplatelet monotherapy was 1-18 months. Clopidogrel was associated with reductions in MACE (Risk ratio [RR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.91), any stroke (RR 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-0.76), ischemic stroke (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.94), and hemorrhagic stroke (RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.68) when compared with aspirin. Cardiac death (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.53-1.41), all-cause death (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.81-1.39), major bleeding (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.43-1.29), MI (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.64-1.60), repeat revascularization (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.71-1.09), target vessel revascularization (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.52-1.13), and stent thrombosis (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.35-2.59) were not significantly different among groups. Compared with aspirin, clopidogrel was associated with reductions in MACE and stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) following DAPT completion after PCI. There were no significant differences in mortality, major bleeding, MI, and repeat revascularization between groups.
  10. Fulltext Transient severe myocarditis and intraventricular thrombus associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
    Loch A, Siew KSW, Tan KL, Azman Bin Raja Aman RRAB
    Singapore Med J, 2023 Jun;64(6):366-372.
    PMID: 35509213 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022042
  11. Parents of children with cancer require health literacy support to meet their information needs
    Tan CE, Lau SCD, Abdul Latiff Z, Lee CC, Teh KH, Mohd Sidik S
    Health Info Libr J, 2024 Sep;41(3):267-282.
    PMID: 37332240 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12491
    BACKGROUND: Timely and relevant information helps parents to cope when a child is diagnosed with cancer. However, obtaining and understanding information is not a straightforward process for parents.

    OBJECTIVES: This article aims to explain paediatric cancer parents' information behaviour related to the care of their child.

    METHODS: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with fourteen Malaysian paediatric cancer parents and eight healthcare professionals who worked with paediatric cancer patients. Reflexivity and inductive approaches were used to interpret the data to identify meaningful themes and subthemes.

    RESULTS: Three themes about how paediatric cancer parents interact with information emerged: Acquiring information, internalising information, and using information. Information may be actively sought or passively acquired. Cognitive and affective aspects influence how information is internalised into meaningful knowledge. Knowledge then leads to further action including further information gathering.

    CONCLUSION: Paediatric cancer parents need health literacy support to meet their information needs. They require guidance in identifying and appraising suitable information resources. Development of suitable supporting materials is needed to facilitate parents' ability to comprehend information related to their child's cancer. Understanding parents' information behaviour could assist healthcare professionals in providing information support in the context of paediatric cancer.

  12. Fulltext Sustainable circular biorefinery approach for novel building blocks and bioenergy production from algae using microbial fuel cell
    Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Show PL, Lam MK, Wong MK
    Bioengineered, 2023 Dec;14(1):246-289.
    PMID: 37482680 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2236842
    The imminent need for transition to a circular biorefinery using microbial fuel cells (MFC), based on the valorization of renewable resources, will ameliorate the carbon footprint induced by industrialization. MFC catalyzed by bioelectrochemical process drew significant attention initially for its exceptional potential for integrated production of biochemicals and bioenergy. Nonetheless, the associated costly bioproduct production and slow microbial kinetics have constrained its commercialization. This review encompasses the potential and development of macroalgal biomass as a substrate in the MFC system for L-lactic acid (L-LA) and bioelectricity generation. Besides, an insight into the state-of-the-art technological advancement in the MFC system is also deliberated in detail. Investigations in recent years have shown that MFC developed with different anolyte enhances power density from several µW/m2 up to 8160 mW/m2. Further, this review provides a plausible picture of macroalgal-based L-LA and bioelectricity circular biorefinery in the MFC system for future research directions.
  13. Emergence of equine-like G3 and porcine-like G9 rotavirus strains in Sarawak, Malaysia: 2019-2021
    Tahar AS, Ong EJ, Rahardja A, Mamora D, Lim KT, Ahmed K, et al.
    J Med Virol, 2023 Aug;95(8):e28987.
    PMID: 37501648 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28987
    Rotavirus is the leading causative viral agent of pediatric acute gastroenteritis globally, infecting mostly children 5 years old and below. Data on rotavirus prevalence in Malaysia is scarce, despite the WHO's recommendation for continuous rotavirus surveillance, and has underestimated the need for national rotavirus vaccination. Characteristics of the current rotavirus strains in Malaysia have to be determined to understand the rotavirus epidemiology and vaccine compatibility. This study sought to determine the genetic relatedness of Sarawak rotavirus strains with global strains and to determine the antigenic coverage and epitope compatibility of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines with the Sarawak rotavirus strains via in silico analysis. A total of 89 stool samples were collected from pediatric patients (<5 years old) with acute gastroenteritis at private hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak. Rotavirus was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Positive amplicons were analyzed using nucleotide sequencing before phylogenetic analyses and assessment of epitope compatibility. Genotyping revealed G1P[8] (1/13; 7.7%), G3P[8] (3/13; 23%), G9P[4] (1/13; 7.7%), and G9P[8] (3/13; 23%), G9P[X] (1/13; 7.7%), GXP[4] (1/13; 7.7%), and GXP[8] (3/13; 23%) in samples. All wild-type Sarawak rotavirus strains, with the exception of G1, showed variations in their phylogenetic and antigenic epitope characteristics.
  14. Fulltext Decoding the Clinical Significance of Immunoglobulin G4 in Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Tan LF, Sakthiswary R, Veshaaliini UR, Shaharir SS, Wahab AA, Aziz S, et al.
    J Clin Med, 2023 Jul 17;12(14).
    PMID: 37510831 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144716
    Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 accounts for 4-6% of the total IgG in a healthy human. Several evidence-based studies have suggested that the level of IgG4 is significantly elevated in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The clinical significance of IgG4 in RA with regard to disease activity, severity, and treatment response remains elusive. We consecutively recruited 174 patients with RA from our rheumatology clinic. All subjects were assessed for their disease activity based on DAS28, radiographic joint damage based on the Modified Sharp Score (MSS), the functional capacity based on the Health Assessment Questionnaire -Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and treatment responsiveness using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. The serum IgG4 of the recruited subjects was measured via the ELISA test. The mean serum IgG4 level was 60.23 ± 30.08 mg/dL. We found that serum IgG4 had significant positive correlations with disease activity (r = 0.406; p < 0.001), ESR (r = 0.155; p = 0.041), CRP (r = 0.269; p < 0.001), joint damage (r = 0.195; p = 0.012) and functional disability (r = 0.909; p < 0.001). Subjects with elevated IgG4 (IgG4 > 86 mg/dL) had significantly higher ESR, CRP, HAQ-DI, and DAS 28 and a poorer treatment response compared to the group with non-elevated IgG4. After multivariate analysis, only HAQ-DI (OR = 4.229, 95% CI 1.302, 15.751, p = 0.018) and DAS28 (OR = 3.743, 95% CI 1.062, 13.193, p = 0.040) remained significantly associated with elevated serum IgG4. The preliminary findings of this study could suggest serum IgG4 to be a potential biomarker of disease activity and functional disability in RA.
  15. Fulltext Cat Scratch Disease-A Benign Disease with Thymic Hyperplasia Mimicking Lymphoma
    Leong MH, Nabillah MJ, Rizuana IH, Asma A, Kew TY, Tan GC
    Diagnostics (Basel), 2023 Jul 24;13(14).
    PMID: 37510201 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142457
    Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a benign condition caused by the inoculation of Bartonella henselae. The imaging findings are non-specific, and it is difficult to diagnose the disease via imaging. However, imaging studies help exclude other differential diagnoses in diagnostic dilemmas. We encountered a case of a 17-year-old adolescent who presented with painful neck swelling. CT showed multiple bilateral cervical lymphadenopathies with triangular soft tissue mass at the anterior mediastinum likely to be thymic hyperplasia, which is unusual in CSD and was mistaken for a lymphoproliferative disorder. Tissue diagnosis with a thorough clinical history yielded the diagnosis of cat scratch disease, and follow-up imaging showed resolution of the cervical lymphadenopathy and thymic hyperplasia.
  16. Fulltext Exploring Extended White Blood Cell Parameters for the Evaluation of Sepsis among Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units
    Ho SF, Tan SJ, Mazlan MZ, Iberahim S, Lee YX, Hassan R
    Diagnostics (Basel), 2023 Jul 21;13(14).
    PMID: 37510189 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142445
    Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in intensive care units. This case-control study aimed to investigate the haematology cell population data and extended inflammatory parameters for sepsis management. The study included three groups of patients: sepsis, non-sepsis, and healthy controls. Patients suspected of having sepsis underwent a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) evaluation and had blood drawn for blood cultures, complete peripheral blood counts (CBC), and measurements of various markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We observed significant changes in numerous CBC parameters and extended inflammation parameters (EIPs), in addition to significant biochemical analysis markers CRP and IL-6 in sepsis cohorts. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that combining different CBC parameters and EIPs were effective to profile these patients. Two different models have been developed using white blood cell counts and their extended parameters. Our findings indicate that the absolute counts of white blood cells, and the EIPs which reflect their activation states, are important for the prediction and assessment of sepsis, as the body responds to an insult that triggers an immune response. In an emergency situation, having timely updates on patient conditions becomes crucial for guiding the management process. Identifying trends in these specific patient groups will aid early diagnosis, complementing clinical signs and symptoms, especially as CBC is the most commonly ordered test in a diagnostic workup.
  17. Fulltext Optimal eco-driving scheme for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions on curved roads
    Bakibillah ASM, Kamal MAS, Tan CP, Hayakawa T, Imura JI
    Heliyon, 2024 Jan 15;10(1):e23586.
    PMID: 38173479 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23586
    Energy consumption and emissions of a vehicle are highly influenced by road contexts and driving behavior. Especially, driving on horizontal curves often necessitates a driver to brake and accelerate, which causes additional fuel consumption and emissions. This paper proposes a novel optimal ecological (eco) driving scheme (EDS) using nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) considering various road contexts, i.e., curvatures and surface conditions. Firstly, a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated considering a suitable prediction horizon and an objective function based on factors affecting fuel consumption, emissions, and driving safety. Secondly, the EDS dynamically computes the optimal velocity trajectory for the host vehicle considering its dynamics model, the state of the preceding vehicle, and information of road contexts that reduces fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Finally, we analyze the effect of different penetration rates of the EDS on overall traffic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated using microscopic traffic simulations under dense and mixed traffic environment, and it is found that the proposed EDS substantially reduces the fuel consumption and carbon emissions of the host vehicle compared to the traditional (human-based) driving system (TDS), while ensuring driving safety. The proposed scheme can be employed as an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for semi-autonomous vehicles.
  18. Computing optimal carbon dioxide removal portfolios
    Tan RR, Aviso KB, Foo DCY, Migo-Sumagang MV, Nair PNSB, Short M
    Nat Comput Sci, 2022 Aug;2(8):465-466.
    PMID: 38177791 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00286-1
  19. Comparative evaluation of early diabetic outcomes in southeast asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)
    Pang WS, Loo GH, Tan GJ, Mardan M, Rajan R, Kosai NR
    Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 05;14(1):614.
    PMID: 38182725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51384-1
    Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an alarming problem globally and a growing epidemic. Metabolic surgery has been shown to be successful in treating both obesity and T2DM, usually after other treatments have failed. This study aims to compare Roux-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in determining early diabetic outcomes in obese Malaysian patients with T2DM following surgery. A total of 172 obese patients with T2DM who were assigned to either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were analysed up to a year post-procedure. The patients' T2DM severity were stratified using the Individualized Metabolic Surgery (IMS) score into mild, moderate and severe. Remission rates of diabetes were compared between surgical techniques and within diabetic severity categories. T2DM remission for patients who underwent either surgical technique for mild, moderate or severe disease was 92.9%, 56.2% and 14.7% respectively. Both surgical techniques improved T2DM control for patients in the study. Comparing baseline with results 1 year postoperatively, median HbA1c reduced from 7.40% (IQR 2.60) to 5.80% (IQR 0.80) (p 
  20. SpecLipIDA: a pseudotargeted lipidomics approach for polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk
    Lei J, He Y, Zhu S, Shi J, Tan CP, Liu Y, et al.
    Analyst, 2024 Jan 29;149(3):751-760.
    PMID: 38194259 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01536j
    Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play an important role in the nutritional value of milk lipids. However, a comprehensive analysis of PUFAs and their esters in milk is still scarce. In this study, we developed a novel pseudotargeted lipidomics approach, named SpecLipIDA, for determining PUFA lipids in milk. Triglycerides (TGs) and phospholipids (PLs) were separated using NH2 cartridges, and mass spectrometry data in the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode were preprocessed by MS-DIAL, leading to improved identification in subsequent targeted analysis. The target matching algorithm, based on specific lipid cleavage patterns, demonstrated enhanced identification of PUFA lipids compared to the lipid annotations provided by MS-DIAL and GNPS. The approach was applied to identify PUFA lipids in various milk samples, resulting in the detection of a total of 115 PUFA lipids. The results revealed distinct differences in PUFA lipids among different samples, with 44 PUFA lipids significantly contributing to these differences. Our study indicated that SpecLipIDA is an efficient method for rapidly and specifically screening PUFA lipids.
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