Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 128 in total

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  1. Fulltext Inhibitory effect on in vitro LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity of the liquid-liquid partitioned fractions of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon (lion's mane mushroom)
    Rahman MA, Abdullah N, Aminudin N
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:828149.
    PMID: 24959591 DOI: 10.1155/2014/828149
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as the key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mushrooms have been implicated in having preventive effects against chronic diseases due especially to their antioxidant properties. In this study, in vitro inhibitory effect of Hericium erinaceus on LDL oxidation and the activity of the cholesterol biosynthetic key enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co-A) reductase, was evaluated using five liquid-liquid solvent fractions consisting of methanol : dichloromethane (M : DCM), hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous residue (AQ). The hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition of oxidation of human LDL as reflected by the increased lag time (100 mins) for the formation of conjugated diene (CD) at 1 µg/mL and decreased production (68.28%, IC50 0.73 mg/mL) of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 1 mg/mL. It also mostly inhibited (59.91%) the activity of the HMG Co-A reductase at 10 mg/mL. The GC-MS profiling of the hexane fraction identified the presence of myconutrients: inter alia, ergosterol and linoleic acid. Thus, hexane fraction of Hericium erinaceus was found to be the most potent in vitro inhibitor of both LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity having therapeutic potential for the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated vascular diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  2. Fulltext Influence of customized cooking methods on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of selected species of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.)
    Tan YS, Baskaran A, Nallathamby N, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR, Sabaratnam V
    J Food Sci Technol, 2015 May;52(5):3058-64.
    PMID: 25892809 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1332-8
    Nutritional value of cooked food has been considered to be lower compared to the fresh produce. However, many reports showed that processed fruits and vegetables including mushrooms may retain antioxidant activity. Pleurotus spp. as one of the edible mushroom are in great demand globally and become one of the most popular mushrooms grown worldwide with 25-fold increase in production from 1960-2009. The effects of three different cooking methods (boiling, microwave and pressure cooking) on the antioxidant activities of six different types of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii, P citrinopileatus, P. cystidiosus P. flabellatus, P. floridanus and P. pulmonarius) were assessed. Free radical scavenging (DPPH) and reducing power (TEAC) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities and the total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Pressure cooking improved the scavenging abilities of P. floridanus (>200 %), P. flabellatus (117.6 %), and P. pulmonarius (49.1 %) compared to the uncooked samples. On the other hand, the microwaved Pleurotus eryngii showed 17 % higher in the TEAC value when compared to the uncooked sample. There was, however, no correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities. There could be presence of other bioactive components in the processed mushrooms that may have contributed to the antioxidant activity. These results suggested that customized cooking method can be used to enhance the nutritional value of mushrooms and promote good health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  3. Shotgun proteomic analysis of tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerotis) and the isolation of a cytotoxic fungal serine protease from its sclerotium
    Yap HY, Fung SY, Ng ST, Tan CS, Tan NH
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2015 Nov 4;174:437-51.
    PMID: 26320692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.042
    The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (tiger milk mushroom) has been traditionally used as a complementary and alternative medicine for cancer treatment by the local communities of Southeast Asia. Despite the continuous research interest in its antiproliferative activity, the identity of the bioactive compound(s) responsible has yet to be determined. This study aims to bridge the gap in existing research literature by using proteomics approach for investigation of the nature of the anticancer substance of L. rhinocerotis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  4. Fulltext Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Highly Expressed Genes Encoding Secondary Metabolite Pathways and Small Cysteine-Rich Proteins in the Sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis
    Yap HY, Chooi YH, Fung SY, Ng ST, Tan CS, Tan NH
    PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143549.
    PMID: 26606395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143549
    Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (tiger milk mushroom) has long been known for its nutritional and medicinal benefits among the local communities in Southeast Asia. However, the molecular and genetic basis of its medicinal and nutraceutical properties at transcriptional level have not been investigated. In this study, the transcriptome of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium, the part with medicinal value, was analyzed using high-throughput Illumina HiSeqTM platform with good sequencing quality and alignment results. A total of 3,673, 117, and 59,649 events of alternative splicing, novel transcripts, and SNP variation were found to enrich its current genome database. A large number of transcripts were expressed and involved in the processing of gene information and carbohydrate metabolism. A few highly expressed genes encoding the cysteine-rich cerato-platanin, hydrophobins, and sugar-binding lectins were identified and their possible roles in L. rhinocerotis were discussed. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glucans, six gene clusters encoding four terpene synthases and one each of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase, and 109 transcribed cytochrome P450 sequences were also identified in the transcriptome. The data from this study forms a valuable foundation for future research in the exploitation of this mushroom in pharmacological and industrial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  5. Umami taste components and their sources in Asian foods
    Hajeb P, Jinap S
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2015;55(6):778-91.
    PMID: 24915349 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.678422
    Umami, the fifth basic taste, is the inimitable taste of Asian foods. Several traditional and locally prepared foods and condiments of Asia are rich in umami. In this part of world, umami is found in fermented animal-based products such as fermented and dried seafood, and plant-based products from beans and grains, dry and fresh mushrooms, and tea. In Southeast Asia, the most preferred seasonings containing umami are fish and seafood sauces, and also soybean sauces. In the East Asian region, soybean sauces are the main source of umami substance in the routine cooking. In Japan, the material used to obtain umami in dashi, the stock added to almost every Japanese soups and boiled dishes, is konbu or dried bonito. This review introduces foods and seasonings containing naturally high amount of umami substances of both animal and plant sources from different countries in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  6. Therapeutic potential of culinary-medicinal mushrooms for the management of neurodegenerative diseases: diversity, metabolite, and mechanism
    Phan CW, David P, Naidu M, Wong KH, Sabaratnam V
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2015;35(3):355-68.
    PMID: 24654802 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.887649
    Mushrooms have long been used not only as food but also for the treatment of various ailments. Although at its infancy, accumulated evidence suggested that culinary-medicinal mushrooms may play an important role in the prevention of many age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to a search for more mushroom species that may improve memory and cognition functions. Such mushrooms include Hericium erinaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Sarcodon spp., Antrodia camphorata, Pleurotus giganteus, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Grifola frondosa, and many more. Here, we review over 20 different brain-improving culinary-medicinal mushrooms and at least 80 different bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from them. The mushrooms (either extracts from basidiocarps/mycelia or isolated compounds) reduced beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and had anti-acetylcholinesterase, neurite outgrowth stimulation, nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-(neuro)inflammatory effects. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the bioactive effects of mushrooms are also discussed. Mushrooms can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro evidence and clinical trials with humans are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales*
  7. Fulltext Estimation of Inhibitory Effect against Tyrosinase Activity through Homology Modeling and Molecular Docking
    Nokinsee D, Shank L, Lee VS, Nimmanpipug P
    Enzyme Res, 2015;2015:262364.
    PMID: 26788364 DOI: 10.1155/2015/262364
    Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanogenesis. Generally, mushroom tyrosinase from A. bisporus had been used as a model in skin-whitening agent tests employed in the cosmetic industry. The recently obtained crystal structure of bacterial tyrosinase from B. megaterium has high similarity (33.5%) to the human enzyme and thus it was used as a template for constructing of the human model. Binding of tyrosinase to a series of its inhibitors was simulated by automated docking calculations. Docking and MD simulation results suggested that N81, N260, H263, and M280 are involved in the binding of inhibitors to mushroom tyrosinase. E195 and H208 are important residues in bacterial tyrosinase, while E230, S245, N249, H252, V262, and S265 bind to inhibitors and are important in forming pi interaction in human tyrosinase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  8. Fulltext Long-Term Resistance of Drosophila melanogaster to the Mushroom Toxin Alpha-Amanitin
    Mitchell CL, Yeager RD, Johnson ZJ, D'Annunzio SE, Vogel KR, Werner T
    PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0127569.
    PMID: 25978397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127569
    Insect resistance to toxins exerts not only a great impact on our economy, but also on the ecology of many species. Resistance to one toxin is often associated with cross-resistance to other, sometimes unrelated, chemicals. In this study, we investigated mushroom toxin resistance in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). This fruit fly species does not feed on mushrooms in nature and may thus have evolved cross-resistance to α-amanitin, the principal toxin of deadly poisonous mushrooms, due to previous pesticide exposure. The three Asian D. melanogaster stocks used in this study, Ama-KTT, Ama-MI, and Ama-KLM, acquired α-amanitin resistance at least five decades ago in their natural habitats in Taiwan, India, and Malaysia, respectively. Here we show that all three stocks have not lost the resistance phenotype despite the absence of selective pressure over the past half century. In response to α-amanitin in the larval food, several signs of developmental retardation become apparent in a concentration-dependent manner: higher pre-adult mortality, prolonged larva-to-adult developmental time, decreased adult body size, and reduced adult longevity. In contrast, female fecundity nearly doubles in response to higher α-amanitin concentrations. Our results suggest that α-amanitin resistance has no fitness cost, which could explain why the resistance has persisted in all three stocks over the past five decades. If pesticides caused α-amanitin resistance in D. melanogaster, their use may go far beyond their intended effects and have long-lasting effects on ecosystems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  9. Fulltext The ability of oyster mushroom in improving nutritional composition, β-glucan and textural properties of chicken frankfurter
    Wan Rosli, W.I., Nor Maihiza, M.S., Raushan, M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(1):311-317.
    MyJurnal
    This study was focused on the effect of incorporation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor- caju (PSC) powder to partially replace chicken meat in frankfurters on nutritional composition, β-glucan content and textural properties. The frankfurters were formulated with either 0 (control), 2, 4 or 6% of PSC powder. The results show control chicken frankfurter had the highest fat content (11.60%) while 6% PSC frankfurter had the lowest value (10.74%). In other nutrient, ash, moisture and carbohydrate content in all samples ranged from 1.55 to 1.92%, 59.36 to 61.98% and 8.84 to 13.09%, respectively. Apparently, total dietary fiber of chicken frankfurter was increased in line with the levels of PSC powder (0.08 - 6.20%). All samples recorded β-glucan in the range from 0.16 to 1.43%, except for control sample. The texture profile showed that both adhesiveness and cohesiveness attributes were not significantly different among all mushroom-based frankfurters. However, frankfurter added with 6% mushroom was more cohesive and springier than the control formulation. In summary, partial replacement of chicken meat with PSC powder resulted in enhancement of dietary fibres up to 6.20% and β-glucan up to 14.30% significantly, lowering fat content but unchanged adhesiveness and cohesiveness attributes. Therefore, PSC powder can be considered to be used as an alternative functional ingredient to improve nutritional values of processed food products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  10. Effect of partial and complete replacement of fishmeal with mushroom stalk meal and soy bean meal on growth performance of nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus fingerlings
    Hasniyati Muin, Norhidayah Mohd Taufek, Hanan Mohd Yusof, Raji Ameenat Abiodun, Shaharudin Abdul Razak
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:511-516.
    A dietary study was conducted to assess the use of mushroom stalk (MM), Pleurotus sajor caju, an agriculture waste and
    soy bean meal (SBM) as partial and complete replacement of fishmeal (FM) in tilapia fingerling diets. The study was
    conducted for 56 days. The diets were processed into sinking pellets. The experimental diets were formulated to replace
    fish meal protein at 0, 33, 67 and 100% (diet 4, 3, 2 and 1). In this experiment, Nile tilapia fingerlings weighing about
    1.00 g were fed each of four isonitrogenous diet. They were randomly distributed into 12 plastic tanks with each tank
    stocking 20 fish. The experiment was conducted in three replicates for each treatment. All the diets were well accepted
    by the fish. No physical abnormalities were observed in all treatments. Good growth performance was shown in 33%
    replacement (diet 3) of FM diet. However, diet 1 (100% replacement) gave the highest increment in crude protein level
    and the best result of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Furthermore, the 100% replacement
    of FM (diet 1) was the best with a production cost of RM2.61/kg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  11. Differential identification of mushrooms sclerotia by IR macro-fingerprint method
    Choong YK, Lan J, Lee HL, Chen XD, Wang XG, Yang YP
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2016 Jan 5;152:34-42.
    PMID: 26186395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.054
    Many macrofungus sclerotia are well-known medicinal herbs, health food and nutritional supplements. However, the prevalent adulterant commercial products are major hindrances to their incorporation into mainstream medical use in many countries. The mushroom sclerotia of Lignosus rhinocerotis, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium and Omphalia lapidescens are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, IR macro-fingerprint method was used in the identification of these sclerotia. The results showed that the spectrum of L. rhinocerotis (LR) was comparable with P. cocos with 94.4% correlation, except that the peak at 1543cm(-1) of LR appeared in lower intensity. The spectrum of P. umbellatus and P. tuber-regium was also correlated (91.5%), as both spectra could be clearly discriminated in that P. umbellatus spectrum has small base peaks located at the range of 1680-1500cm(-1). O. lapidescens was not comparable with all the other sclerotia as its spectrum was totally different. Its base peak was broad and derivated equally along the range. The first IR has revealed the dissimilarity among five mushrooms sclerotia. The second derivative and 2DIR further enhanced the identification in detail.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  12. Potential use of Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom as fermenting agent and source of natural antioxidant additive in livestock feed
    Abdullah N, Lau CC, Ismail SM
    J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar;96(5):1459-66.
    PMID: 25926021 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7242
    Fermenting feed has gained a lot of popularity in recent years owing to its renowned benefits to the livestock and feed quality. In the current study, Lentinus squarrosulus mushroom mycelium was tested for its potential as a fermenting agent and source of natural antioxidant in the feed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  13. Proteomics of edible mushrooms: A mini-review
    Al-Obaidi JR
    Electrophoresis, 2016 05;37(10):1257-63.
    PMID: 26891916 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600031
    Mushrooms are considered an important food for their traditionally famous nutritional and medicinal values, although much information about their potential at the molecular level is unfortunately unknown. Edible mushrooms include fungi that are either collected wild or cultivated. Many important species are difficult to cultivate but attempts have been made with varying degrees of success, with the results showing unsatisfactory economical cultivation methods. Recently, proteomic analysis has been developed as a powerful tool to study the protein content of fungi, particularly basidiomycetes. This mini-review article highlights the contribution of proteomics platforms to the study of edible mushrooms, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in developmental stages. This includes extracellular and cytoplasmic effector proteins that have potential or are involved in the synthesis of anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibiotic, in blood pressure control, in the supply of vitamins and minerals, and in other responses to environmental changes. The contribution of different proteomics techniques including classical and more advanced techniques is also highlighted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/growth & development; Agaricales/metabolism; Agaricales/chemistry*
  14. Fulltext Multilocus phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected abundant diversity and significant disjunct distribution pattern of the Hedgehog Mushrooms (Hydnum L.)
    Feng B, Wang XH, Ratkowsky D, Gates G, Lee SS, Grebenc T, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 May 06;6:25586.
    PMID: 27151256 DOI: 10.1038/srep25586
    Hydnum is a fungal genus proposed by Linnaeus in the early time of modern taxonomy. It contains several ectomycorrhizal species which are commonly consumed worldwide. However, Hydnum is one of the most understudied fungal genera, especially from a molecular phylogenetic view. In this study, we extensively gathered specimens of Hydnum from Asia, Europe, America and Australasia, and analyzed them by using sequences of four gene fragments (ITS, nrLSU, tef1α and rpb1). Our phylogenetic analyses recognized at least 31 phylogenetic species within Hydnum, 15 of which were reported for the first time. Most Australasian species were recognized as strongly divergent old relics, but recent migration between Australasia and the Northern Hemisphere was also detected. Within the Northern Hemisphere, frequent historical biota exchanges between the Old World and the New World via both the North Atlantic Land Bridge and the Bering Land Bridge could be elucidated. Our study also revealed that most Hydnum species found in subalpine areas of the Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China occur in northeastern/northern China and Europe, indicating that the composition of the mycobiota in the Hengduan Mountains reigion is more complicated than what we have known before.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/classification*; Agaricales/genetics*
  15. Fulltext Characterisation of a New Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein from Tiger Milk mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis
    Pushparajah V, Fatima A, Chong CH, Gambule TZ, Chan CJ, Ng ST, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 07 27;6:30010.
    PMID: 27460640 DOI: 10.1038/srep30010
    Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger milk mushroom) is an important folk medicine for indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. We previously reported its de novo assembled 34.3 Mb genome encoding a repertoire of proteins including a putative bioactive fungal immunomodulatory protein. Here we report the cDNA of this new member (FIP-Lrh) with a homology range of 54-64% to FIPs from other mushroom species, the closest is with FIP-glu (LZ-8) (64%) from Ganoderma lucidum. The FIP-Lrh of 112 amino acids (12.59 kDa) has a relatively hydrophobic N-terminal. Its predicted 3-dimensional model has identical folding patterns to FIP-fve and contains a partially conserved and more positively charged carbohydrates binding pocket. Docking predictions of FIP-Lrh on 14 glycans commonly found on cellular surfaces showed the best binding energy of -3.98 kcal/mol to N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Overexpression of a 14.9 kDa soluble 6xHisFIP-Lrh was achieved in pET-28a(+)/BL21 and the purified recombinant protein was sequence verified by LC-MS/MS (QTOF) analysis. The ability to haemagglutinate both mouse and human blood at concentration ≥0.34 μM, further demonstrated its lectin nature. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of 6xHisFIP-Lrh on MCF-7, HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines was detected at IC50 of 0.34 μM, 0.58 μM and 0.60 μM, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/genetics; Agaricales/immunology*
  16. Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers., a medicinal mushroom, activates peripheral nerve regeneration
    Wong KH, Kanagasabapathy G, Naidu M, David P, Sabaratnam V
    Chin J Integr Med, 2016 Oct;22(10):759-67.
    PMID: 25159861 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1624-2
    OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus mushroom in the treatment of nerve injury following peroneal nerve crush in Sprague-Dawley rats.

    METHODS: Aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus was given by daily oral administration following peroneal nerve crush injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways; and c-Jun and c-Fos genes were studied in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) whereas the activity of protein synthesis was assessed in peroneal nerves by immunohistochemical method.

    RESULTS: Peripheral nerve injury leads to changes at the axonal site of injury and remotely located DRG containing cell bodies of sensory afferent neurons. Immunofluorescence studies showed that DRG neurons ipsilateral to the crush injury in rats of treated groups expressed higher immunoreactivities for Akt, MAPK, c-Jun and c-Fos as compared with negative control group (P <0.05). The intensity of nuclear ribonucleoprotein in the distal segments of crushed nerves of treated groups was significantly higher than in the negative control group (P <0.05).

    CONCLUSION: H. erinaceus is capable of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Potential signaling pathways include Akt, MAPK, c-Jun, and c-Fos, and protein synthesis have been shown to be involved in its action.

    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
  17. Interpretation of mushroom as a common therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases
    Rahman MA, Abdullah N, Aminudin N
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2016 Dec;36(6):1131-1142.
    PMID: 26514091
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share common etiology and preventive strategies. As the population of old-aged people is increasing worldwide, AD complications tend to afflict global healthcare budget and economy heavily. CVD is the prime cause of global mortality and remains a grave threat to both the developed and the developing nations. Mushroom bio-components may be promising in controlling both diseases. Based mainly on in vitro, ex vivo, cell line and animal studies, this review interprets the polypharmaceutic role of mushrooms treating AD and CVD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales*
  18. Coumarin sulfonates: As potential leads for ROS inhibition
    Salar U, Khan KM, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Fakhri MI, Saad SM, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2016 12;69:37-47.
    PMID: 27669119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.09.006
    Coumarin sulfonates 4-43 were synthesized by reacting 3-hydroxy coumarin 1, 4-hydroxy coumarin 2and6-hydroxy coumarin 3 with different substituted sulfonyl chlorides and subjected to evaluate for their in vitro immunomodulatory potential. The compounds were investigated for their effect on oxidative burst activity of zymosan stimulated whole blood phagocytes using a luminol enhanced chemiluminescence technique. Ibuprofen was used as standard drug (IC50=54.2±9.2μM). Eleven compounds 6 (IC50=46.60±14.6μM), 8 (IC50=11.50±6.5μM), 15 (IC50=21.40±12.2μM), 19 (IC50=5.75±0.86μM), 22 (IC50=10.27±1.06μM), 23 (IC50=33.09±5.61μM), 24 (IC50=4.93±0.58μM), 25 (IC50=21.96±14.74μM), 29 (IC50=12.47±9.2μM), 35 (IC50=20.20±13.4μM) and 37 (IC50=14.47±5.02μM) out of forty demonstrated their potential suppressive effect on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as compared to ibuprofen. All the synthetic derivatives 4-43 were characterized by different available spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EIMS and HRMS. CHN analysis was also performed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/enzymology
  19. Fulltext Occipital Falcine Anaplastic Hemangiopericytoma Mimicking Meningioma
    Kanesen D, Kandasamy R, Idris Z
    J Neurosci Rural Pract, 2016 Dec;7(Suppl 1):S95-S98.
    PMID: 28163517 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.196463
    The rarity of hemangiopericytoma (HPC) and its controversial histological classification result in its frequent misdiagnosis and thus make the treatment quite challenging. It is often difficult to distinguish these tumors from meningiomas based on clinical features and radiological findings. This is a case report of a man, diagnosed clinically and radiologically as meningioma, which turned out to be anaplastic HPC on histological examination. A 30-year-old man presented with 3 months of progressively worsening of headache and blurring of vision. Clinical examination revealed the right homonymous hemianopia with reduced visual acuity and papilledema bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multilobulated and heterogenous extraaxial lesion attached to the occipital falx. It measured 9.0 cm (AP) × 5.5 cm (W) × 5.8 cm (CC) and expands bilaterally with major bulk on the left. An occipital craniotomy followed by a subtotal tumor excision was only achieved due to profuse bleeding intraoperatively. Histopathology confirmed an anaplastic HPC (WHO Grade 3). The importance of differentiation between HPCs and meningiomas cannot be overemphasized. A preoperative correct diagnosis is difficult, but it is important that it should be made. Multilobulated (mushroom appearance), prominent internal signal voids, relatively narrow dural attachment, and lytic destruction without calcifications are useful findings to distinguish HPCs from meningiomas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales
  20. Haematological, biochemical and histopathological aspects of Hericium erinaceus ingestion in a rodent model: A sub-chronic toxicological assessment
    Lakshmanan H, Raman J, David P, Wong KH, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2016 Dec 24;194:1051-1059.
    PMID: 27816657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.084
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hericium erinaceus is a culinary-medicinal mushroom and has a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic for stomach disorders, ulcers and gastrointestinal ailments.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the potential toxic effects of the aqueous extract from the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus in rats by a sub-chronic oral toxicity study.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this sub-chronic toxicity study, rats were orally administered with the aqueous extract of H. erinaceus (HEAE) at doses of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 90 days. Body weights were recorded on a weekly basis and general behavioural changes were observed. The blood samples were subjected to haematological, biochemical, serum electrolyte, and antioxidant enzyme estimations. The rats were sacrificed and organs were processed and examined for histopathological changes.

    RESULTS: No mortality or morbidity was observed in all the treated and control rats. The results showed that the oral administration of HEAE daily at three different doses for 90 days had no adverse effect on the general behaviour, body weight, haematology, clinical biochemistry, and relative organ weights. Histopathological examination at the end of the study showed normal architecture except for few non-treatment related histopathological changes observed in liver, heart and spleen.

    CONCLUSION: The results of this sub-chronic toxicity study provides evidence that oral administration of HEAE is safe up to 1000mg/kg and H. erinaceus consumption is relatively non-toxic.

    Matched MeSH terms: Agaricales/chemistry*
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