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  1. Fulltext Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Composition and Sensory Acceptance of Chicken Meat Sausages with Chia Seed Powder Substitution
    Nurhani Fatihah Mohd Hanifah, Hanis Nadia Yahya, Norlelawati Arifin
    Malaysian Journal of Science, Health & Technology, 2021;7(1):34-42.
    MyJurnal
    Chia seed has a high content of fibres and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chia seed also holds numerous amounts of minerals and vitamins, including calcium and phosphorus. Chia seed offers a great potential of gel-forming ability and good water and oil holding capacities. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of chia seed powder substitution in chicken meat sausage formulations on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance. In the study, the chicken meat sausages were produced in four formulations; sample A as the control (100% chicken meat), sample B (5% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat), sample C (10% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat) and sample D (15% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat). The sausages were analysed for colour, texture, water holding capacity, cooking loss, proximate analysis, crude fibre content, and sensory acceptability. As for the findings, the substitution of chia seed powder resulted in low ‘L’ values of chicken meat sausage due to the dark colour of the chia seed. On the other hand, chia seed powder's substitution decreased the hardness and cohesiveness values. However, it increased the adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. Water holding capacity and a cooking loss percentage of the chicken meat sausages with chia seed powder substitution were observed to improve compared to control sausage (100% chicken meat), resulting in juicier sausages. The chia seed powder substitution increased the carbohydrate, ash, fat, and fibre contents for the chemical composition. On a 9-point hedonic scale, sample B (5% chia seed powder substitution) exhibited the highest sensory scores in all attributes evaluated (colour, texture, taste, juiciness, and overall acceptance). Thus, it can be concluded that chia seed powder can be substituted in chicken meat sausage to produce better quality products.

    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  2. Fulltext Preliminary study of the nutritional content of Malaysian edible bird’s nest
    Norhayati, M.K., Azman, O., Wan Nazaimoon, W.M.
    Malays J Nutr, 2010;16(3):389-396.
    MyJurnal
    Malaysian edible bird’s nests (EBN) are from the swiflet species, Aerodromus fuciphagus. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the nutrient composition of EBN obtained from different parts of Peninsular Malaysia, collected at three different harvesting seasons, to four commercial brands. A total of 18 raw, unprocessed EBN samples from the North, South and East Coast zones of Peninsular Malaysia and duplicate samples of 4 commercial brands (processed) of EBN samples were analysed. The protein and mineral contents of unprocessed EBN samples between zones and harvesting seasons were comparable. Mean (± SEM) protein content of unprocessed EBN was 61.5 ± 0.6 g/100g and the top four minerals detected were calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium with mean (± SEM) concentration of 553.1 ± 19.5 mg/100g, 187.9 ± 10.4 mg/100g, 92.9 ± 2.0 mg/100g and 6.3 ± 0.4 mg/100g respectively. Sialic acid content ranged between 0.7 to 1.5%, and remained comparable between samples from different zones and harvesting seasons. The commercial brands were found to contain higher amounts of calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus compared to unprocessed EBN, warranting further investigation and verification with more samples. Since the nutrient contents of EBN may be affected by seasonal variations and even breeding sites, it is recommended that a more comprehensive study be conducted involving more samples and breeding sites as such data are important to ensure sustainability of the EBN industry in this country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  3. Fulltext Nutrient Contents of the Freshwater Crab, Isolapotamon bauense from Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)
    Grinang J, Tyan PS, Tuen AA, Das I
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):75-87.
    PMID: 28890762 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.6
    Data on nutrient contents of freshwater crabs are important for ecological studies and species conservation assessments, especially when the species concerned is threatened among others by habitat destruction and uncontrolled resources utilisation. Indeed comprehensive biological information is required to reconcile the needs between sustainable resources utilisation and conservation of the species. This study documents the nutrient contents of a freshwater crab, Isolapotamon bauense which is listed as 'Vulnerable' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and also being harvested by local community for dietary supplement. Results show that muscles of the freshwater crab contain a substantial amount of nutrients in particular water content (male = 79.31 ± 2.30 %, female = 77.63 ± 0.56 %), protein (male = 77.47 ± 6.11 %, female = 63.28 ± 3.62 %), magnesium (male = 51.48 ± 16.10 mg/g, female = 39.73 ± 6.99 mg/g) and calcium (male = 25.50 ± 6.98 mg/g, female = 39.73 ± 6.99 mg/g). Means of nutrient contents between male and female crabs are not significantly different. It is estimated that an individual of I. bauense with weight range of 56-139 g contained on average of 0.35 ± 0.15 g of protein. Our estimation also shows that the number of individuals of the freshwater crab required to meet the recommended daily protein intakes of the community concerned is in the range 35-96 individuals for children, 130-188 individuals for adolescents, 171-179 individuals for men and 149-159 individuals for women. The results imply that harvesting of wild I. bauense as a source of protein supplement naturally may not be practical because of its relatively low population abundance, and conservation of the species for its ecological roles may thus be preferred.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  4. Fulltext Mineral composition and pasting properties of banana pseudo-stem flour from Musa acuminata X balbisiana cv. Awak grown locally in Perak, Malaysia
    Ho, L.H., Noor Aziah, A.A., Rajeev Bhat
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1479-1485.
    MyJurnal
    The banana pseudo-stem is not currently utilised in the food industry. The aim of this research was to investigate the chemical and pasting profile of banana pseudo-stem flour (BPF). Wheat flour were substituted with BPF (0, 5, 15 and 30%) and the pasting profile were determined. Results from mineral analysis showed that the levels of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) were higher than those of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). The BPF had a 0.04% total titratable acidity (TTA) and a total soluble solid (TSS) of 1.30⁰ Brix with pH 5.41. BPF contained 28.26% total starch, 12.81% resistant starch and a total digestible starch value of 15.45%. An increased substitution level of BPF into wheat flour significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  5. Fulltext Knowledge and perception of calcium intake among students in University Technology MARA
    Fatimah Sham, Emad Shdaifat, Norhaini Majid, Fatin Khairudin, Nadzirah Zainol, Syafiqah Majid
    Int J Public Health Res, 2013;3(2):370-375.
    MyJurnal
    Osteoporosis-related fractures have been recognized as a major health problem, particularly in the elderly with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The aims of the study were to identify knowledge and perception toward calcium intake among students at UiTM and to explore the differences between genders in dietary calcium intake. A cross sectional study was conducted through 336 students aged 18 to 34 years old. The participants were randomly chosen from the student’s enrolment list. A modified questionnaire was used to obtain the knowledge and perception of the participants. More than half of the participants have low knowledge regarding dietary calcium intake (58.6%), positive view towards the benefits of calcium intake and low perception towards the barrier of calcium intake. Chi square analysis showed a significant difference between male and female for knowledge (p=0.034) and barrier (p=0.002) for calcium intake. Intervention programs should be adopted to increase the knowledge among young adults to improve their health and prevent risk factors. So, health education specifically on calcium intake will be very useful to improve the knowledge and behavior of students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  6. Fulltext Quality evaluation of steamed wheat bread substituted with green banana flour
    Noor Aziah, A. A., Ho, L. H., Noor Shazliana, A. A., Rajeev, B.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):869-876.
    MyJurnal
    Quality attributes of steamed bread without green banana flour (BF) (CON), substituted with 30%
    BF (BBFI) and 30% BF + 8% gluten (BBFII) were determined. The green banana flour (BF) and the mixture of wheat flour (WF) substituted with 30% BF + 8% gluten (FBFII) was significantly highest in water holding capacity and oil holding capacities, respectively. Potassium, calcium and magnesium were significantly higher in BBFI and BBFII than CON. Significantly highest insoluble dietary fibre and total dietary fibre shown in BBFI. Steaming resulted significant reduction in resistant starch content in BBFI as compared with the dough of BBFI I. The specific volume of BBFII and CON showed significant different compared to the BBFI. The BBFII spread ratio was significantly highest and steamer spring lowest than CON. BBFII showed significantly highest in hardness and adhesiveness values but CON was significantly highest in cohesiveness, elasticity and chewiness. L and Hue values was shown highest in CON. BBFII indicated highest acceptability score than other samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  7. Fulltext Calcium supplementation amongst postmenopausal women: Effect on serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium level
    Fazlini, M.F., Suriah, A.R., Zaitun, Y., Kandiah, M., Chee, W.S.S., Chan, Y.M., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(1):477-480.
    MyJurnal
    This study assessed the effect of calcium supplementation towards the change in serum calcium,
    phosphorus and magnesium level. We carried out a randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in 113 postmenopausal women for 24 months period study. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in Calcium Supplemented Group (CSG) were to take calcium supplement (1200 mg/day) while the Control Group were not given any placebo and advised to continue with their regular diet. The study showed that calcium supplementation helps to increased daily intake of calcium amongst the subject which in results helping to maintain the serum calcium level within normal range. The serum magnesium and phosphorus level in this study were kept at a normal range although there is a slight decrease in serum phosphorus levels may be due to a reduction in the daily intake of the mineral.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  8. Characterization of edible bird's nest of different production, species and geographical origins using nutritional composition, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities
    Quek MC, Chin NL, Yusof YA, Law CL, Tan SW
    Food Res Int, 2018 07;109:35-43.
    PMID: 29803459 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.078
    Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a precious food made from the solidified saliva of swiftlets. EBN from three types of origin, namely production, swiftlet species and geographical were characterised based on its nutritional composition, physicochemical properties and antioxidant properties. Proximate composition, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities were determined following official methods, while mineral and heavy metal contents were obtained by respective atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acids profile and sialic acid were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Calcium and sodium were the major elements in EBN samples at averages of 17,267 mg/kg and 13,681 mg/kg, respectively. Despite protein contents were not significantly different; interestingly the total amino acids in A. fuciphagus EBN, 64.57 g/100 g was found to be 23% higher than in A. maximus EBN. EBN from house, A. fuciphagus and Peninsular Malaysia had greater antioxidant activities, 2.33-3.49 mg AAE/g and higher sialic acid, 13.57 g/100 g while those from cave, A. maximus and East Malaysia contained more minerals like calcium and magnesium. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of house, A. fuciphagus and Peninsular Malaysia EBNs were approximately 2 times greater than the others. All samples were complied with the Malaysian Standard MS 2334:2011, except for mercury and nitrite. The overall findings suggest that the quality of EBN was varied following the production, species and geographical origins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  9. Fulltext Airway Relaxation Effects of Water-Soluble Sclerotial Extract From Lignosus rhinocerotis
    Lee MK, Li X, Yap ACS, Cheung PCK, Tan CS, Ng ST, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:461.
    PMID: 29867469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00461
    Lignosus rhinocerotis has a long history of use by the indigenous community within East Asia to treat a range of health conditions including asthma and chronic cough. To date, there is limited scientific evidence to support its therapeutic effects in relieving these airways conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of the different molecular weight fractions [high-molecular-weight (HMW), medium-molecular-weight (MMW), and low-molecular-weight (LMW)] obtained from the cold water sclerotial extract (CWE) of L. rhinocerotis on airways patency using airway segments isolated from Sprague Dawley rat in an organ bath set-up. It is demonstrated that the HMW and MMW fractions exhibited higher efficacy in relaxing the pre-contracted airways when compared to the CWE and LMW fraction. In addition, the HMW fraction markedly supressed carbachol-, 5-hydroxytrptamine-, and calcium-induced airway contractions. CWE demonstrated a lower efficacy than the HMW fraction but it also significantly attenuated carbachol- and calcium-induced airway contractions. Results showed that the bronchorelaxation effect of CWE and fractions is mediated via blockade of extracellular Ca2+ influx. The composition analysis revealed the following parts of carbohydrate and proteins, respectively: HMW fraction: 71 and 4%; MMW fraction: 35 and 1%; and LMW fraction: 22 and 0.3%. Our results strongly suggest that the polysaccharide-protein complex or proteins found in the HMW and MMW fractions is likely to contribute to the bronchorelaxation effect of CWE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  10. Fulltext Nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Canarium odontophyllum miq. (Dabai) fruit
    Tan, Chin Xuan, Azrina Azlan
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(1):80-94.
    MyJurnal
    Canarium odontophyllum Miq. fruit, popularly recognized as dabai fruit in Sarawak, is a
    seasonal fruit found in the tropical rainforest of East Malaysia. A dabai fruit can be divided into
    several anatomical parts, and different parts of the fruit have different valuable phytochemicals. Due
    to the lack of promotion, dabai fruit is viewed as nutritionally inferior fruit by the public. On the
    contrary, the fruit is rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, sodium, calcium and iron.
    Many phytochemicals have been detected from different parts of dabai fruit, and these molecules have
    been linked to beneficial properties such as hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cholinesterase,
    antimicrobial and potentially anti-diabetic. The aim of this article is to review research studies on this
    fruit in order to provide adequate baseline information for commercial exploitation as well as for
    future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  11. Control of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm by Supplementation of Calcium, Copper, and Salicylic Acid
    Bivi MS, Paiko AS, Khairulmazmi A, Akhtar MS, Idris AS
    Plant Pathol J, 2016 Oct;32(5):396-406.
    PMID: 27721689
    Continuous supplementation of mineral nutrients and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar application could improve efficacy in controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedling. It is revealed from the results that the highest disease severity index (58.3%) was recorded in T8 treatments at 9 months after inoculation. The best disease control was achieved by T7 treatments (calcium/copper/SA [Ca/Cu/SA]) (5.0%) followed by T1 (5.5%), T5 (5.8%), T3 (8.3%), T6 (8.3%), T4 (13.3%), and T2 (15.8%) treatments. Continuous supplementation of Ca/Cu/SA was found to be the most effective in controlling the disease and the high performance liquid chromatography results showed the detection of ergosterol at very low concentration in the treated samples. Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy analysis results clearly indicated that T7 treatment was also enhancing lignification, which was responsible for the thickness of the secondary cell walls and middle lamella compared to untreated samples. It was therefore, concluded that continuous supplementation of minerals nutrients and SA could effectively suppress disease severity by reducing ergosterol activity and also improve the process of lignification in the treated plants. Furthermore, this treatment also managed to delay the onset of BSR symptoms and promote the growth of the seedlings and eventually suppress the BSR disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  12. Fulltext Bone properties and blood bone metabolism markers in response to exercises and honey supplementation: a contemporary review
    Foong, Kiew Ooi
    Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2018;2(2):68-74.
    MyJurnal
    Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by a loss of bone mass and the structure deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in bone fragility and fractures. This disease imposes major burden on the health economy and being recognised as one of the major public health problems worldwide. To date, many strategies have been developed with the aim of preventing bone loss and increasing bone mass, these include involvement in physical activity programmes and through appropriate nutritional intake. Honey contains mainly carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, which are believed to be important for enhancing bone health. This article discusses the findings of several research studies on bone properties and blood bone metabolism markers in response to combined exercises and honey supplementation in animals and humans, which have been carried out by the bone and exercise research team of Universiti Sains Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  13. Nutritional composition of selected commercial biscuits in Malaysia
    Norhayati M, Mohd Fairulnizal M, Aswir A, Ang J, Mohd Naeem M, Suraiami M, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:581-591.
    The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient composition of selected commercial biscuits in Malaysia. A total
    of six brands from each type of biscuit (chocolate chip, corn, cracker with sugar, vegetable flavoured cracker, cream
    filled, oatmeal, shortbread and fully coated chocolate wafer) and five brands of wholemeal crackers were sampled
    from local supermarkets in the Klang Valley. The total energy content in commercial biscuits was ranging from 453.30
    to 499.25 kcal/100 g. Carbohydrate was the major macronutrient in commercial biscuits ranging from 56.86 to 66.07
    g/100 g. The highest protein content was found in the wholemeal crackers (9.92 g/100 g) and the lowest protein content
    was found in the cream filled biscuits (5.65 g/100 g). Fat content lay in the range of 16.89 to 25.75 g/100 g. The major
    minerals detected in biscuits were sodium, followed by calcium and magnesium. The vitamin content in A and E of the
    biscuits examined was almost comparable. Small quantities of trans fatty acids were detected in all biscuits in the range
    of 0.02 to 0.68 g/100 g. These findings indicate that Malaysian commercial biscuits are a good source of carbohydrate
    (34.12-39.64 g per serving), calcium (26.09-384.67 g per serving), magnesium (10.42-37.24 g per serving) and contain
    low proportion of trans fatty acids (0.01-0.41 g per serving).
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  14. The ‘black waters’ of Malaysia: tracking water quality from the peat swamp forest to the sea
    IRVINE K, VERMETTE S, FIRUZA BEGHAM MUSTAFA
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1539-1548.
    Longitudinal water quality trends were assessed in the Tengi River system, Selangor, Malaysia, as the water moved from a peat swamp forest, through different agricultural land uses and finally through a town and then to the Straits of Malacca. Water draining from the peat swamp forest was dark in color due to its organic content and low in dissolved oxygen, pH, E. coli, calcium, nitrate and ammonia. The normal diurnal pattern for water temperature was observed for the peat swamp forest drainage, but there was no clear diurnal pattern evident in the dissolved oxygen data. The E. coli levels increased monotonically from the peat swamp forest waters (0 colonies/100 mL) through the agricultural areas (100-2000 colonies/100 mL) and town (7100 colonies/100 mL) and similarly pH increased along the same continuum. Dissolved oxygen increased from the peat swamp forest through the agricultural areas, but was lower in the town-impacted reach of the Tengi River.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  15. Quantity and quality of groundwater in fractured metasedimentary rocks of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia
    Nasiman Sapari, Hisyam Jusoh, Raja Zainariah Raja Azie
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    Groundwater in fractured metasedimentary rock in Malaysia is a potential source of water for drinking and industrial uses. Industries including agricultural processing, mineral water bottling, manufacturing and golf courses pumped the water from the underlying fractured rocks. Fifty eight tubewells belong to private companies operating in various places in West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia were evaluated for their yield and quality of water. Rotary percussion methods were used for the drilling to a maximum depth of 200 m. The productivity of the wells and the characteristics of the aquifer were evaluated by pumping test using both the constant discharge rate and steps drawdown methods. The average yield of the wells at allowable drawdown of 40 m was found to be 416 m3 per day. Results from water quality analysis indicated that the water was fresh with an average total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 101 to 150 mg/L. The hardness of the water varies from as low as 13 mg/L to a maximum of 353 mg/L. On the average, the water was moderately hard with the average hardness value of 80 mg/L. The water facies of the groundwater was found to be of calcium-sodium-bicarbonate water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  16. Yield and nutritional composition of oyster mushrooms: an alternative nutritional source for rural people
    Mostak Ahmed, Noorlidah Abdullah, Nuruddin MM
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1609-1615.
    In recent decades, minimizing the frequency of nutrient deficiency and malnutrition in rural areas of developing
    countries becomes an alarming issue. Oyster mushrooms are rich source of both macro and micro nutrients. The
    objective of this paper was to evaluate the yield of newly introduced oyster mushroom strains viz. Pleurotus sajorcaju
    (PSC), Pleurotus flabellatus (FLB), Pleurotus florida (FLO), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO2
    and PO3
    ), Pleurotus ostreatus
    (HK-51) and Pleurotus geesteranus (PG1
    and PG3
    ) and to justify their nutritional values when grown in the climatic
    condition of Bangladesh. Strain HK-51 produced the highest amount of fresh sporophore (197.80 g). In contrast, the
    highest number of fruiting body was obtained from the strain FLO (82 g) followed by strain PSC (69 g). Strain PG1 has
    recorded the highest biological yield (278 g), productivity (55%) and biological efficiency (96%). Nutrient and mineral
    analysis of sporophore of strain PG1 showed protein (31.80%), lipid (3.6%), potassium (1.3 mg/100 g), phosphorus
    (0.8 mg/100 g), calcium (32 mg/100 g), iron (43 mg/100 g), magnesium (12 mg/100 g), copper (3.5 mcg/100 g), zinc
    (12.5 mcg/100 g) and manganese (2.3 mcg/100 g). This study showed that the strain PG1
    performed well with regard to
    quality and productivity as compared to other strains. Hence, oyster mushroom strain PG1
    is a potential cheap source
    of nutrients and minerals to combat socioeconomic problems including malnutrition, diseases linked to malnutrition,
    poverty reduction and agricultural diversity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  17. Atititude of asians to calcium and vitamin d rich foods and supplements: a systematic review
    Chin Yi Chan, Norazlina Mohamed, Soelaiman Ima-nirwana, Kok-yong Chin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1801-1810.
    The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in Asian countries. Optimum calcium intake and vitamin D level are
    important to prevent osteoporosis. The attitude of the society towards calcium food sources and supplements, as well
    as sun exposure, influence their bone health practices. This review aimed to summarize the current literature on the
    attitude of Asians on calcium and vitamin D rich foods and supplements to understand the barriers among the Asians
    in achieving adequate calcium intake and vitamin D level. Studies showed that most Asians have a negative attitude
    towards calcium-rich foods, mainly dairy products due to lactose intolerance, aversion to the taste of dairy products or
    the absence of motivation. Although they took supplements to fill the gap in their diet, they were not aware of the daily
    recommended intake of calcium. Besides, the majority of them have a negative attitude towards sun exposure due to the
    fear of getting skin cancer or tanning. As a conclusion, most of Asians are still not aware of the importance of calcium
    and vitamin D for their health and their negative attitude must be corrected to prevent the rise of osteoporosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  18. Association of calcium intake, lactose intolerance and physical activity with bone health assessed via quantitative ultrasound among young adults of a Malaysian university
    Yahya NFS, Daud NM, Makbul IAA, Aziz QASA
    Arch Osteoporos, 2021 01 15;16(1):14.
    PMID: 33452644 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00874-6
    Lactose intolerance has been proposed to cause poor bone health. This study found the prevalence of lactose intolerance was high among Malaysian young adults, but not associated with bone health status, unlike calcium intake. This is the first study that investigated the association of lactose intolerance and bone health status in Malaysia.

    PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of lactose intolerance, calcium intake and physical activity level and to investigate the association between these variables with bone health status among young adults.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of 300 Malay, Chinese and Indian students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia with mean age of 22.5 ± 3.2 years. Determination of lactose tolerance status was performed using hydrogen breath test, lactose tolerance test and visual analogue scales. Calcium intake and physical activity level were evaluated using Food Frequency Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. Bone health status was assessed on calcaneal bone, using quantitative ultrasound.

    RESULTS: Lactose intolerance was highly reported among the Malay subjects (72%) followed by Chinese (59%) and Indians (42%). The mean calcium intake was 542.9 ± 365.2 mg/day whilst the mean physical activity was 2757.6 ± 2007.2 MET-min/week. The bone assessment showed that 91% of the subjects had a low risk of developing osteoporosis. Only calcium intake showed a significant association with bone health status (β = 0.006; p = 0.033), whilst no association was shown for lactose intolerance and physical activity level.

    CONCLUSIONS: Malaysian young adults showed a high prevalence of lactose intolerance. Calcium intake is associated with increased bone health status. In contrast, lactose intolerance and physical activity level did not directly influence bone health status. Nutrition education promoting adequate calcium intake should be implemented among young adults due to high lactose intolerance prevalence and low calcium intake among subjects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  19. Investigation of trace inorganic elements in street doses of heroin
    Chan KW, Tan GH, Wong RC
    Sci Justice, 2013 Mar;53(1):73-80.
    PMID: 23380066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2012.08.004
    Sixteen trace elements found in 309 street heroin samples, piped water and contaminated water were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. All the street heroin samples were found to contain high levels of sodium, a reflection of the use of sodium bicarbonate during heroin synthesis. Additionally, this element was also found to be one of the potential contaminants acquired from the piped water. Calcium could be derived from lime while iron, aluminum and zinc could have come from the metallic container used in the processing/cutting stage. The levels of these elements remained low in the heroin and it could be due to the dilution effects from the addition of adulterants. Statistical validation was performed with six links of related heroin samples using principal component analysis to find the best pretreatment for sample classification. It was obtained that normalization followed by fourth root showed promising results with 8% errors in the sample clustering. The technique was then applied to the case samples. Finally, the result suggested that the case samples could have originated from at least two major groups respectively showing unique elemental profiles at the street level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
  20. Fulltext Parathyroid Carcinoma: Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in a Retrospective Review of Eight Cases seen in a Single Center
    Shahar S, Lim KP, Mohamad M
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2019;34(2):229-232.
    PMID: 33442162 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.034.02.17
    Eight cases of parathyroid carcinoma were identified (8 females; median age 45 years, range 28-72). Half of whom were diagnosed preoperatively. Hypercalcemic symptoms were seen in 87.5% of the patients and the main complication was nephrolithiasis. At presentation, the median calcium was 3.675 mmol/L, median phosphate of 0.68 mmol/L, median intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was 211 pmol/L. Five patients had regional nodes metastasis and 1 had distant metastasis to the lungs. Parathyroid gland invasion to adjacent structures was seen in 62.5% of cases while another 62.5% showed capsular or vascular infiltration on histology with median tumour size of 3.2 cm. Recurrent hypercalcemia occurred in 50% of the patients with median time of recurrence of 21 months. In this case series, we found that patients with severe hypercalcemia and high iPTH also exhibited a high index suspicion of PC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary
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