Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 257 in total

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  1. Fulltext Preliminary Screening of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities and Establishment of an Efficient Callus Induction in Curculigo latifolia Dryand (Lemba)
    Farzinebrahimi R, Mat Taha R, Rashid KA, Ali Ahmed B, Danaee M, Rozali SE
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016;2016:6429652.
    PMID: 27298625 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6429652
    Leaf, seed, and tuber explants of C. latifolia were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP and IBA, alone or in combinations, to achieve in vitro plant regeneration. Subsequently, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were determined from in vitro and in vivo plant developed. No response was observed from seed culture on MS media with various concentrations of PGRs. The highest percentage of callus was observed on tuber explants (94%) and leaf explants (89%) when cultured on MS media supplemented with IBA in combination with BAP. A maximum of 88% shoots per tuber explant, with a mean number of shoots (8.8 ± 1.0), were obtained on MS medium supplemented with combinations of BAP and IBA (2.5 mg L(-1)). The best root induction (92%) and mean number (7.6 ± 0.5) from tuber explants were recorded on 2.5 mg L(-1) IBA alone supplemented to MS medium. The higher antioxidant content (80%) was observed from in vivo tuber. However, tuber part from the intact plant showed higher inhibition zone in antibacterial activity compared to other in vitro and in vivo tested parts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  2. Fulltext Optimization of culture conditions (sucrose, pH, and photoperiod) for in vitro regeneration and early detection of somaclonal variation in ginger lime (Citrus assamensis)
    Yaacob JS, Mahmad N, Mat Taha R, Mohamed N, Mad Yussof AI, Saleh A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:262710.
    PMID: 24977187 DOI: 10.1155/2014/262710
    Various explants (stem, leaf, and root) of Citrus assamensis were cultured on MS media supplemented with various combinations and concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg L(-1)) of NAA and BAP. Optimum shoot and root regeneration were obtained from stem cultures supplemented with 1.5 mg L(-1) NAA and 2.0 mg L(-1) BAP, respectively. Explant type affects the success of tissue culture of this species, whereby stem explants were observed to be the most responsive. Addition of 30 gL(-1) sucrose and pH of 5.8 was most optimum for in vitro regeneration of this species. Photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness was most optimum for shoot regeneration, but photoperiod of 24 hours of darkness was beneficial for production of callus. The morphology (macro and micro) and anatomy of in vivo and in vitro/ex vitro Citrus assamensis were also observed to elucidate any irregularities (or somaclonal variation) that may arise due to tissue culture protocols. Several minor micromorphological and anatomical differences were observed, possibly due to stress of tissue culture, but in vitro plantlets are expected to revert back to normal phenotype following full adaptation to the natural environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration/physiology*; Regeneration/radiation effects
  3. Fulltext An efficient in vitro plantlet regeneration from shoot tip cultures of Curculigo latifolia, a medicinal plant
    Babaei N, Abdullah NA, Saleh G, Abdullah TL
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:275028.
    PMID: 24723799 DOI: 10.1155/2014/275028
    A procedure was developed for in vitro propagation of Curculigo latifolia through shoot tip culture. Direct regeneration and indirect scalp induction of Curculigo latifolia were obtained from shoot tip grown on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of thidiazuron and indole-3-butyric acid. Maximum response for direct regeneration in terms of percentage of explants producing shoot, shoot number, and shoot length was obtained on MS medium supplemented with combination of thidiazuron (0.5 mg L(-1)) and indole-3-butyric acid (0.25 mg L(-1)) after both 10 and 14 weeks of cultures. Indole-3-butyric acid in combination with thidiazuron exhibited a synergistic effect on shoot regeneration. The shoot tips were able to induce maximum scalp from basal end of explants on the medium with 2 mg L(-1) thidiazuron. Cultures showed that shoot number, shoot length, and scalp size increased significantly after 14 weeks of culture. Transferring of the shoots onto the MS medium devoid of growth regulators resulted in the highest percentage of root induction and longer roots, while medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L(-1) IBA produced more numbers of roots.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration/drug effects; Regeneration/physiology*
  4. Calcium phosphate bone substitutes
    Ginebra MP, Aparicio C, Engel E, Navarro M, Javier Gil F, Planell JA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:65-6.
    PMID: 15468821
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Regeneration/drug effects*; Bone Regeneration/physiology
  5. Delayed liver regeneration in C3H/HeJ mice: possible involvement of haemodynamic and structural changes in the hepatic microcirculation
    Marlini M, Mabuchi A, Mallard BL, Hairulhisyam N, Akashi-Takamura S, Harper JL, et al.
    Exp Physiol, 2016 12 01;101(12):1492-1505.
    PMID: 27634415 DOI: 10.1113/EP085727
    NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? The liver regenerative process is complex and involves a sequence of signalling events, but the possible involvement of structural and haemodynamic changes in vivo during this process has never been explored. What is the main finding and its importance? Normal sinusoidal blood flow and velocity are crucial for a normal regenerative response, and delays in these haemodynamic events resulted in impaired liver regeneration in lipopolysaccharide-insensitive, C3H/HeJ mice. Toll-like receptor 4 signalling is required for restoration of normal liver architecture during the liver regenerative process. Liver regeneration is delayed in mice with a defective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; C3H/HeJ mice) but is normal in TLR4 knockouts (TLR4-/- ). Here, we investigated the possible involvement of structural and haemodynamic changes in vivo in the underlying mechanism. In lipopolysaccharide-sensitive (C3H/HeN and C57BL/6) and lipopolysaccharide-insensitive (C3H/HeJ and TLR4-/- ) mice, a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed under inhalational anaesthesia. At days 3 and 7 after PH, the hepatic microcirculation was interrogated using intravital microscopy. Delayed liver regeneration was confirmed in C3H/HeJ, but not in C3H/HeN, C57BL/6 (WT) or TLR4-/- mice by liver weight-to-body-weight ratio, the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells and mitotic index data. At day 3 after PH, sinusoidal red blood cell velocity increased by 100% in C3H/HeN mice, but by only 40% in C3H/HeJ mice. Estimated sinusoidal blood flow was significantly higher at day 7 after PH in C3H/HeN than in C3H/HeJ mice. The hepatic cord width was significantly larger in C3H/HeN than in C3H/HeJ mice at day 3 and it was significantly larger in TLR4-/- than in C57BL/6 WT mice at day 7 after PH. Hepatocyte nucleus density and functional sinusoidal density was significantly reduced at days 3 and 7 after PH in all mouse strains compared with their zero-time controls. Functional sinusoidal density was significantly lower in C3H/HeJ compared with C3H/HeN mice at day 7 after PH. The present study indicates that altered sinusoidal blood flow and velocity in C3H/HeJ mice may contribute to the observed delay in the regenerative response in these mice. In addition, restoration of normal liver architecture may be delayed in TLR4-/- mice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Regeneration/drug effects; Liver Regeneration/physiology*
  6. Plant regeneration and floral bud formation from intact floral parts of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl.) cultured in vitro
    Daud N, Taha RM
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2008 Apr 01;11(7):1055-8.
    PMID: 18810979
    Intact immature flower buds of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl.) were used as explant sources for in vitro studies. The effect of exogenous hormones, NAA and BAP on the indirect organogenesis of this species was observed. Callus was formed on the cut end (base) of pedicels of floral buds where they were in contact with the medium. When maintained on the same medium, callus was differentiated into adventitious shoots after 10 weeks in culture. MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg L(-1) NAA and 1.0 mg L(-1) BAP gave the highest number of sterile or vegetative floral buds from the surface of callus of the explants, but these buds failed to develop further. The floral buds were expanded as abnormal flowers. The floral structures were smaller in size compared to intact flowers. Petals (corolla) were white to purple in colour but did not form any reproductive organs, i.e., stamens or pistils. All sterile or vegetative floral buds and abnormal flowers survived for 3 months in culture but failed to reach anthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration/drug effects; Regeneration/physiology*
  7. Bone breaking infections - A focus on bacterial and mosquito-borne viral infections
    Cui YC, Wu Q, Teh SW, Peli A, Bu G, Qiu YS, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2018 Sep;122:130-136.
    PMID: 29909241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.021
    The recent global resurgence of arthritogenic alphaviruses, including Ross River, chikungunya, and dengue, highlights an urgency for the development of therapeutic strategies. Currently, dengue represents the most rapidly transmitting mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. By contracting bone breaking diseases, patients experience devastating clinical manifestations involving muscle pain and bone loss. The bone self-repair and regeneration mechanisms can be damaged by the presence of viruses and bacteria. The rapid establishment of dengue epidemic and the severity of bacterial and viral infections affecting the bone stress the urgent need of developing effective interventions. Herein, we review current knowledge on bone breaking infections, covering both bacterial and mosquito-borne viral ones. The mechanisms exploited by these diseases to significantly affect the bone, including interferences with self-repair and regeneration routes, were discussed. In the final section, challenges for future research aimed to treat and prevent bacterial and mosquito-borne bone-breaking infections have been outlined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  8. Fulltext Encapsulation and Characterization of Gentamicin Sulfate in the Collagen Added Electrospun Nanofibers for Skin Regeneration
    Abdul Khodir WKW, Abdul Razak AH, Ng MH, Guarino V, Susanti D
    J Funct Biomater, 2018 May 18;9(2).
    PMID: 29783681 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9020036
    In the current practice, the clinical use of conventional skin substitutes such as autogenous skin grafts have shown several problems, mainly with respect to limited sources and donor site morbidity. In order to overcome these limitations, the use of smart synthetic biomaterials is tremendously diffusing as skin substitutes. Indeed, engineered skin grafts or analogues frequently play an important role in the treatment of chronic skin wounds, by supporting the regeneration of newly formed tissue, and at the same time preventing infections during the long-term treatment. In this context, natural proteins such as collagen-natively present in the skin tissue-embedded in synthetic polymers (i.e., PCL) allow the development of micro-structured matrices able to mimic the functions and to structure of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Moreover, the encapsulation of drugs, such as gentamicin sulfate, also improves the bioactivity of nanofibers, due to the efficient loading and a controlled drug release towards the site of interest. Herein, we have done a preliminary investigation on the capability of gentamicin sulfate, loaded into collagen-added nanofibers, for the controlled release in local infection treatments. Experimental studies have demonstrated that collagen added fibers can be efficaciously used to administrate gentamicin for 72 h without any toxic in vitro response, thus emerging as a valid candidate for the therapeutic treatment of infected wounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  9. Fulltext Somatic Embryogenesis in Sugar Palm (Arenga Pinnata Wurmb Merr.) from Zygotic embryo explants
    Asmah Awal, Nazatul Asikin Muda
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(107):133-144.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper, a micropropagation protocol of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Wurmb Merr) through callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was examined. Callus induction frequency and somatic embryogenesis response were dependent on plant growth regulators (PGRs) and genotype. Semi-compact and compact embryogenic calluses were induced from excised immature zygotic embryo (IZE) cultured on semi-solid MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with various concentration and combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl aminopurine acid (BAP). MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP was found optimum to induce 100% rate of embryogenic calluses and maximum degree of callus formation after 8 and 12 weeks of culture. The incorporation of increased sucrose concentration (60.0 g/L) and 2.0 g/L casein hydrolysate (CH) to the culture medium with similar PGRs composition enhanced the induction of globular somatic embryos (SEs), while addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) produced SEs of different stages. SEs maturated in MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP and 1.0 mg/L naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) formed cotyledon-stage embryos. Clonal roots regeneration was obtained on half-strength MS devoid of PGRs after 4 months of culture. Frequent subcultures increased embryogenesis rate favourably.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  10. Fulltext Femoral deformity correction and lengthening on nail with monorail external fixator : a case report
    Mohd Bakrynizam Abu Bakar Siddiq, Kamarul Izham Kamarudin, Kamarul Al Haq, Suresh Chopr
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2018;12(2):26-29.
    MyJurnal
    Limb length discrepancy (LLD) is quite common.
    Lower limb shortening is one of the causes of limb
    length discrepancy. The common treatment that is
    used is the llizarov technique for bone lengthening.
    The new technique uses an intramedullary nail with
    a monoplanar external fixator. Using this technique,
    bone lengthening duration in patients can be reduced
    and knee joint mobility can be improved without
    jeopardizing bone regeneration. We report a case of a
    27-year-old gentleman who had right femur shortening
    from childhood and was referred to us for corrective
    deformity. He underwent bone lengthening on the nail
    which lenghthens and equalizes the leg while avoiding
    stiffness and reduces joint mobility which leads to good
    patient satisfaction outcome. The use of the external
    fixator with intramedullary nailing to lengthen the
    femur is one method that can reduce patient burden
    mentally and physically. However although it has many
    advantages we must watch out for the complications
    during the regular visits to ensure good outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Regeneration
  11. Fulltext Expression and DNA methylation of SERK, BBM, LEC2 and WUS genes in in vitro cultures of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf
    Karim R, Tan YS, Singh P, Khalid N, Harikrishna JA
    Physiol Mol Biol Plants, 2018 Sep;24(5):741-751.
    PMID: 30150851 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0566-8
    The process of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration involve changes in gene expression and have been associated with changes in DNA methylation. Here, we report the expression and DNA methylation patterns of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK), BABY BOOM (BBM), LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) and WUSCHEL (WUS) in meristematic block of newly emerged shoots from rhizome, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli, prolonged cell suspension culture, ex vitro leaf, and in vitro leaf of regenerated plants of Boesenbergia rotunda. Among all seven samples, based on qRT-PCR, the highest level of expression of SERK, BBM and LEC2 was in embryogenic callus, while WUS was most highly expressed in meristematic block tissue followed by embryogenic callus. Relatively lower expression was observed in cell suspension culture and watery callus for SERK, LEC2 and WUS and in in vitro leaf for BBM. For gene specific methylation determined by bisulfite sequencing data, embryogenic callus samples had the lowest levels of DNA methylation at CG, CHG and CHH contexts of SERK, LEC2 and WUS. We observed negative correlation between DNA methylation at the CG and CHG contexts and the expression levels of SERK, BBM, LEC2 and WUS. Based on our results, we suggest that relatively higher expression and lower level of DNA methylation of SERK, BBM, LEC2 and WUS are associated with somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in B. rotunda.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  12. Fulltext Electrospun Collagen Nanofibers and Their Applications in Skin Tissue Engineering
    Law JX, Liau LL, Saim A, Yang Y, Idrus R
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2017 Dec;14(6):699-718.
    PMID: 30603521 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0075-9
    Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique to fabricate continuous fibers with diameter ranging from micrometers to a few nanometers. To date, the number of polymers that have been electrospun has exceeded 200. In recent years, electrospinning has become one of the most popular scaffold fabrication techniques to prepare nanofiber mesh for tissue engineering applications. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the human body, has been electrospun to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds that imitate the architecture of native human tissues. As collagen nanofibers are mechanically weak in nature, it is commonly cross-linked or blended with synthetic polymers to improve the mechanical strength without compromising the biological activity. Electrospun collagen nanofiber mesh has high surface area to volume ratio, tunable diameter and porosity, and excellent biological activity to regulate cell function and tissue formation. Due to these advantages, collagen nanofibers have been tested for the regeneration of a myriad of tissues and organs. In this review, we gave an overview of electrospinning, encompassing the history, the instrument settings, the spinning process and the parameters that affect fiber formation, with emphasis given to collagen nanofibers' fabrication and application, especially the use of collagen nanofibers in skin tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  13. In vitro regeneration and acclimatization protocols of selected ornamental plants (agapanthus praecox, justicia betonica and celosia cristata)
    Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob, Azani Saleh, Hashimah Elias, Sakinah Abdullah, Noraini Mahmad, Normadiha Mohamed
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:715-722.
    This paper discussed on the effectiveness of BAP and NAA growth hormones on establishment of plant regeneration for selected ornamentals; Agapanthus praecox, Justicia betonica and Celosia cristata. Various explants (leaf, stem, shoot tip and bulb) derived from one-month-old aseptic seedlings of A. praecox and C. cristata, as well as explants from intact plants of J. betonica were utilized to achieve complete plant regeneration of these species. MS medium supplemented with various hormones, with an emphasis on BAP and NAA was tested to obtain direct and indirect regeneration. Both A. praecox (bulbs) and C. cristata (shoots) formed complete plantlets on MS added with 0.5-2.0 mg/L BAP and NAA, while direct regeneration was achieved for J. betonica on MS media containing BAP. Several methods were attempted to acclimatize the regenerants, with A. praecox gave the highest percentage of survival rates (96.67%), followed by J. betonica (80.00%) and C. cristata (75.00%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  14. In vitro shoot regeneration from leaf explants of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
    Samanthi P, Mohd Puad A, Suhaimi N, Kumar S, Nor Aini A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1505-1510.
    Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a versatile plant with multiuse ranging from animal feed to a wide variety of biocomposite products such as pulp and paper and fibre reinforce plastic. Therefore genetically improved planting materials are needed to tailor made requirement of the industry. Thus, development of plant regeneration through callus is important for in vitro genetic manipulation of kenaf. Currently development of successful genetic transformation of kenaf is through in planta transformation means. In vitro shoot regeneration was conducted using leaf explants from varieties V36 and G4 treated to three different combinations of N6 Benzyl adenine (BA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). High percentage of healthy callus induction was produced in MS medium supplemented with combination of 1.5 mgL-1 BA and 0.5 mgL-1 IBA. In addition 68.7% plant regeneration was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mgL-1 GA3. All plantlets produced roots in hormone free medium. There was no significant difference among varieties in terms of callus induction (number of callus) and plant regeneration (number of plantlets). This protocol is useful to be used for the development of gene transformation protocol of kenaf through callus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  15. Adsorption of heavy metal ions on surface of functionalized oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers: single and binary systems
    Mohd Shaiful Sajab, Chin HC, Sarani Zakaria, Mika Sillanpaa
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:157-165.
    The functionalization of surface charges on oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers was modified by grafted carboxylic
    acid and polymer amine groups. Single and binary adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mo(VI) and As(V) were investigated
    by competitiveness in the adsorbents. The mechanism of each metal ion was deliberately studied on kinetics-diffusion
    (intraparticle diffusion) and isotherm adsorption models (Langmuir and Freundlich). Competitiveness of metal ions was
    found in the selectivity of Cu(II) > Ni(II) and Mo(VI) > As(V) in the binary solution. The regeneration of adsorbents
    was performed up to five cycles of an adsorption/desorption process and the reduction of adsorption performance was
    less than 14.5%. Therefore, this promises low-cost adsorbents for metal ion uptake, showing potential for removal and
    recovery in industrial wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  16. Enhancing the Efficiency of a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on a Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolyte
    Saidi NM, Omar FS, Numan A, Apperley DC, Algaradah MM, Kasi R, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019 Aug 21;11(33):30185-30196.
    PMID: 31347822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07062
    To overcome the critical limitations of liquid-electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells, quasi-solid-state electrolytes have been explored as a means of addressing long-term device stability, albeit with comparatively low ionic conductivities and device performances. Although metal oxide additives have been shown to augment ionic conductivity, their propensity to aggregate into large crystalline particles upon high-heat annealing hinders their full potential in quasi-solid-state electrolytes. In this work, sonochemical processing has been successfully applied to generate fine Co3O4 nanoparticles that are highly dispersible in a PAN:P(VP-co-VAc) polymer-blended gel electrolyte, even after calcination. An optimized nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte containing 3 wt % sonicated Co3O4 nanoparticles (PVVA-3) delivers the highest ionic conductivity (4.62 × 10-3 S cm-1) of the series. This property is accompanied by a 51% enhancement in the apparent diffusion coefficient of triiodide versus both unmodified and unsonicated electrolyte samples. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on PVVA-3 displays a power conversion efficiency of 6.46% under AM1.5 G, 100 mW cm-2. By identifying the optimal loading of sonochemically processed nanoparticles, we are able to generate a homogenous extended particle network that effectively mobilizes redox-active species through a highly amorphous host matrix. This effect is manifested in a selective 51% enhancement in photocurrent density (JSC = 16.2 mA cm-2) and a lowered barrier to N719 dye regeneration (RCT = 193 Ω) versus an unmodified solar cell. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the highest known efficiency to date for dye-sensitized solar cells based on a sonicated Co3O4-modified gel polymer electrolyte. Sonochemical processing, when applied in this manner, has the potential to make meaningful contributions toward the ongoing mission to achieve the widespread exploitation of stable and low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  17. Fracture Non-Union: A Review of Clinical Challenges and Future Research Needs
    Stewart SK
    Malays Orthop J, 2019 Jul;13(2):1-10.
    PMID: 31467644 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1907.001
    Non-union of bone following fracture is an orthopaedic condition with a high morbidity and clinical burden. Despite its estimated global prevalence of nine million annually, the limit of bone regeneration therapy still results in patients living with pain, a reduced quality of life and associated psychological, social and financial repercussions. This review provides an overview of the current epidemiological and aetiological data, and highlights where the clinical challenges in treating non-union lie. Current treatment strategies are discussed as well as promising future research foci. Development in biotechnologies to treat non-union provides exciting scope for more effective treatment for this debilitating condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Regeneration
  18. Unlocking the application potential of forward osmosis through integrated/hybrid process
    Ang WL, Mohammad AW, Johnson D, Hilal N
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Mar 01;706:136047.
    PMID: 31864996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136047
    Study of forward osmosis (FO) has been increasing steadily over recent years with applications mainly focusing on desalination and wastewater treatment processes. The working mechanism of FO lies in the natural movement of water between two streams with different osmotic pressure, which makes it useful in concentrating or diluting solutions. FO has rarely been operated as a stand-alone process. Instead, FO processes often appear in a hybrid or integrated form where FO is combined with other treatment technologies to achieve better overall process performance and cost savings. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the need for hybridization/integration for FO membrane processes, with emphasis given to process enhancement, draw solution regeneration, and pretreatment for FO fouling mitigation. In general, integrated/hybrid FO processes can reduce the membrane fouling propensity; prepare the solution suitable for subsequent value-added uses and production of renewable energy; lower the costs associated with energy consumption; enhance the quality of treated water; and enable the continuous operation of FO through the regeneration of draw solution. The future potential of FO lies in the success of how it can be hybridized or integrated with other technologies to minimize its own shortcomings, while enhancing the overall performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
  19. Role of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite-In Socket Preservation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Kattimani VS, Prathigudupu RS, Jairaj A, Khader MA, Rajeev K, Khader AA
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2019 Aug 01;20(8):987-993.
    PMID: 31797859
    Since a long time, the preservation of the socket is emphasized for various reasons. Many studies have suggested the ridge preservation through socket grafting using various bone graft substitute materials (GSMs). But none of the studies suggested the material of choice for the grafting. So, the systematic review was planned to analyze the outcomes of synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) graft material for socket preservation. The review was aimed to determine the existing evidence for the use of SHA GSM for grafting and its usefulness.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature search was performed for the studies published in the English language independently by all four authors (search team) in the Medline database through the PubMed search engine for the past 5 years. The study involved predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria for the search. The final lists of clinical trials were analyzed to determine the existing evidence and suggested the mechanism of action.

    REVIEW RESULTS: The search resulted in 117 titles. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of seven studies were found eligible for this systematic review. Out of seven, two studies were found eligible for meta-analysis whereas remaining included for the systematic review.

    CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis favors socket grafting compared to control in terms of preservation of existing bone height and width. The SHA grafting showed successful bone regeneration with less connective tissue component. The histomorphometric evaluation showed a good bone regeneration associated with SHA than xenograft. Within the limitations of this meta-analysis, the synthetic GSM can be used for socket grafting.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In the wake of increasing graft materials in the market and different origin raw material sources for the preparation of graft materials, clinicians are in dilemma for selection and its use. The success of grafting depends on the selection of appropriate material with a suitable calcium/phosphate (Ca/P) ratio. The review provided available evidence for the use of SHA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Regeneration
  20. Fulltext Influence of N6-Benzyladenine and Sucrose on In Vitro Direct Regeneration and Microrhizome Induction of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex Baker, An Important Ethnomedicinal Herb of Asia
    Labrooy C, Abdullah TL, Stanslas J
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):123-139.
    PMID: 32963715 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.8
    Kaempferia parviflora is an ethnomedicinally important plant. Conventional propagation of K. parviflora is hindered by slow growth rate, long dormancy periods and dual use of rhizomes for seeds as well as marketable produce. In our study, we developed a promising dual-phase micropropagation protocol to increase number of plantlets, survivability, biomass and quality plantlets for mass production. Multiple shoot regeneration was found most successful on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 35.52 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) in terms of highest number of shoots (22.4 ± 1.84), leaves (29.27 ± 1.30), and roots (17.8 ± 1.72) per explant. High survivability was observed with an acclimatisation percentage of 100% in sterile perlite medium. This method was shown to be preferable compared to conventional propagation in terms of propagation time and number of plantlets. Regenerated in vitro plantlets were then successfully induced to form microrhizomes in MS media with an optimal concentration of 6% (w/v) sucrose. Increase in microrhizome biomass (35.7 ± 2.59 g per flask), number of microrhizomes (5.2 ± 0.78), shoots (8.5 ± 1.58) and roots (8.5 ± 1.58) were observed for this treatment. This investigation successfully highlights the manipulation of single factors in short time frame to produce a simple and efficient alternative propagation method for K. parviflora.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regeneration
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