Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 144 in total

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  1. Fulltext Effect of nutritional factors on the growth and production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 181
    Al-Araji, L., Rahman, R.N.Z.A., Basri, M., Salleh, A.B.
    ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(1):45-56.
    MyJurnal
    The growth and production of biosurfactant by P. seudomonas aeruginosa (181) was dependant on nutritional factors. Among the eleven carbon sources tested, glucose supported the maximum growth (0.25 g/L) with the highest biosurfactant yield and this was followed by glycerol. Glucose reduced the surface tension to 35.3 dyne/cm and gave an E24 reading of 62.7%. Butanol gave the lowest growth and had no biosurfactant production. For the nitrogen sources tested, casamino acid supported a growth of 0.21 g/L which reduced the surface tension to 41.1 dyne/cm and gave an E24 reading of 56%. Soytone was assimilated similarly, with good growth and high biosurfactant production. Corn steep liquor gave the lowest growth and did not show any biosurfactant activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  2. Fulltext The used of recombinant plasmid DNA in GMO quantitative analysis of insect resistance maize targeted unapproved StarLink corn and approved Bt176 corn in food and feed sold commercially sold Malaysia
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(1):167-178.
    MyJurnal
    Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are increased remarkably from year to year and the estimated global area cultivated with genetically modified (GM) crops reached 125 million hectares in year 2008. However, insect resistance maize based on Bacillus thuringienses (Bt) is of the most cultivated GM crop in worldwide. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an aerobic, gram-positive bacterium that synthesize one or more Cry protein that are toxic to various types crop and forestry insects pests. To date, several cry genes have been introduced into GM plant to combat with various type of insect. Worldwide commercialization of GM crops has raised the customers’ concern about the Biosafety issues, and thus, many countries have implemented the labeling legislations for GM food and their derivatives. In this study, we introduced the quantitative analysis method based on the recombinant plasmid DNA as calibrators that can be used to determine the percentage of GMO content in various types of food and feed samples. Therefore, we have reported 7.5% (6/80) of the samples were contained StarLink maize and 1.25% (1/80) samples were contained Bt176 maize. Additionally, the percentage of GM content in each positive sample were further determined with the developed quantitative method. The percentage of the StarLink corns that present in the positive samples were varies from 0.09% to 2.53% and Bt176 corn that present in the positive sample was 16.90%. The present study demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid DNA that used in quantitative real-time method as good alternative quantitative analysis of GM content.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  3. Phytate-degrading enzyme production by bacteria isolated from Malaysian soil
    Hussin AS, Farouk AE, Greiner R, Salleh HM, Ismail AF
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2007 Dec;23(12):1653-60.
    PMID: 27517819 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9412-9
    Over two hundred bacteria were isolated from the halosphere, rhizosphere and endophyte of Malaysian maize plantation and screened for phytases activity. Thirty isolates with high detectable phytase activity were chosen for media optimization study and species identification. Ten types of bacterial phytase producers have been discovered in this study, which provides opportunity for characterization of new phytase(s) and various commercial and environmental applications. The majority of the bacterial isolates with high detectable phytase activity were of endophyte origin and 1.6% of the total isolates showed phytase activity of more than 1 U/ml. Most of the strains produced extra-cellular phytase and Staphylococcus lentus ASUIA 279 showed the highest phytase activity of 1.913 U/ml. All 30 species used in media optimization study exhibit favorable enzyme production when 1% rice bran was included in the growth media.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  4. Fulltext The Development of Expanded Snack Product Made from Pumpkin Flour-Corn Grits: Effect of Extrusion Conditions and Formulations on Physical Characteristics and Microstructure
    Nor NM, Carr A, Hardacre A, Brennan CS
    Foods, 2013 May 14;2(2):160-169.
    PMID: 28239106 DOI: 10.3390/foods2020160
    Pumpkin products confer natural sweetness, desirable flavours and β-carotene, a vitamin A precursor when added as ingredients to extruded snacks. Therefore, a potential use for dried pumpkin flour is as an ingredient in ready-to-eat (RTE) snack foods. Growth in this market has driven food manufacturers to produce a variety of new high value snack foods incorporating diverse ingredients to enhance the appearance and nutritional properties of these foods. Ready-to-eat snacks were made by extruding corn grits with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of pumpkin flour. Snacks made from 100% corn grits were used as control products for this work. The effect of formulation and screw speeds of 250 rpm and 350 rpm on torque and specific mechanical energy (SME, kWh/kg), physical characteristics (expansion ratio, bulk density, true density and hardness) and the microstructure of the snacks were studied. Increasing the screw speed resulted in a decrease of torque for all formulations. When pumpkin flour was added the specific mechanical energy (SME) decreased by approximately 45%. Increasing the percentage of pumpkin flour at the higher screw speed resulted in a harder texture for the extruded products. X-ray tomography of pumpkin flour-corn grit snacks showed that increased levels of pumpkin flour decreased both the bubble area and bubble size. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in bubble wall thickness were measured. By understanding the conditions during extrusion, desirable nutritional characteristics can be incorporated while maximizing expansion to make a product with low bulk density, a fine bubble structure and acceptable organoleptic properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  5. Fulltext Potential of four corn varieties at different harvest stages for silage production in Malaysia
    Nazli MH, Halim RA, Abdullah AM, Hussin G, Samsudin AA
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2019 Feb;32(2):224-232.
    PMID: 29879832 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0175
    OBJECTIVE: Apart from various climatic differences, corn harvest stage and varieties are two major factors that can influence the yield and quality of corn silage in the tropics. A study was conducted to determine the optimum harvest stage of four corn varieties for silage production in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Corn was harvested at four growth stages; silking, milk, dough, and dent stages from four varieties; Sweet Corn hybrid 926, Suwan, breeding test line (BTL) 1 and BTL 2. Using a split plot design, the treatments were then analysed based on the plant growth performance, yield, nutritive and feeding values followed by a financial feasibility study for potential commercialization.

    RESULTS: Significant differences and interactions were detected across the parameters suggesting varying responses among the varieties towards the harvest stages. Sweet Corn was best harvested early in the dough stage due to high dry matter (DM) yield, digestible nutrient, and energy content with low fibre portion. Suwan was recommended to be harvested at the dent stage when it gave the highest DM yield with optimum digestible nutrient and energy content with low acid detergent fibre. BTL 1 and BTL 2 varieties can either be harvested at dough or dent stages as the crude protein, crude fibre, DM yield, DM content, digestible nutrient and energy were not significantly different at either stage. Further financial analysis showed that only Sweet Corn production was not financially feasible while Suwan had the best financial appraisal values among the grain varieties.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, only the grain varieties tested had the potential for silage making according to their optimum harvest stage but Suwan is highly recommended for commercialization as it was the most profitable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  6. Fulltext Simultaneous use of adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) flour as meat extender and fat replacer in reduced-fat beef meatballs (bebola daging)
    Aslinah LNF, Mat Yusoff M, Ismail-Fitry MR
    J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Aug;55(8):3241-3248.
    PMID: 30065435 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3256-1
    Adzuki bean is high in protein and fiber with a potential to be used as meat extender and fat replacer in the meat product. Replacement of both the corn flour and fat with different percentages of adzuki beans flour (ABF) has successfully produced acceptable reduced fat meatballs. Meatballs with 100% (w/w) ABF replacement exhibited highest cooking yield and higher moisture content compared to meatballs without the flour, which indicates its ability to bind water. Increasing the ABF content also increased the hardness and chewiness of the meatballs, whilst decreasing their lightness and yellowness. Replacing the corn flour and fat contents with ABF has obviously decreased the fat and calorie contents of the meatballs, yet their protein and carbohydrate contents remained the same compared to control. The sensory test revealed that meatball samples with 25% (w/w) and 50% (w/w) ABF showed no significant difference compared to control but received highest overall acceptability among the panelists. This indicates that replacement of corn flour and fat with ABF especially at 50% (w/w) in the production of reduced fat meatballs resulted with better physicochemical properties and acceptable sensory compared to original meatballs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  7. Pyrolysis of corn stalk biomass briquettes in a scaled-up microwave technology
    Salema AA, Afzal MT, Bennamoun L
    Bioresour Technol, 2017 Jun;233:353-362.
    PMID: 28285228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.113
    Pyrolysis of corn stalk biomass briquettes was carried out in a developed microwave (MW) reactor supplied with 2.45GHz frequency using 3kW power generator. MW power and biomass loading were the key parameters investigated in this study. Highest bio-oil, biochar, and gas yield of 19.6%, 41.1%, and 54.0% was achieved at different process condition. In terms of quality, biochar exhibited good heating value (32MJ/kg) than bio-oil (2.47MJ/kg). Bio-oil was also characterised chemically using FTIR and GC-MS method. This work may open new dimension towards development of large-scale MW pyrolysis technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  8. Fulltext Physicochemical and sensory analysis of instant cereal beverage incorporated with corncob powder
    Lee, C.M., Tang, T.K., Lai, O.M., Chan, Y.L., Gan, Y.L., Tan C.P.
    Food Research, 2018;2(5):453-459.
    MyJurnal
    The primary objectives of this study were to process corncob into corncob powder (CCP)
    and to apply CCP in the formulation of instant cereal beverage (ICB) in order to produce
    high fibre ICB, and to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of the
    corncob-based instant cereal beverage. Corncobs were sourced and washed thoroughly
    before drying and grinding into CCP. CCP was then imparted into ICB formulation in
    three different ratios (10, 20 and 30% w/w) to partially substitute corn flour in the
    formulation. All four ICB samples including the commercial counterpart were analysed
    for their physicochemical and sensory properties. The incorporation of CCP has affected
    the viscosity, colour and sensory attributes significantly of the produced ICB. Higher
    contents of CCP in the formulation was found to be responsible for less viscous and
    browner effect compared to the commercial ICB samples. Formulation of ICB
    incorporated with 30% w/w CCP had the highest mean scores (6.00, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  9. Effects of young corn ear addition on nutritional composition and acceptability of Malaysian star cake (Baulu Cermai)
    Wan Rosli W. I., Chow Y
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1503-1508.
    Sufficient intakes of functional foods containing significant amount of dietary fibre in daily diet are beneficial to human health especially in preventing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this study, young corn powder (YCP) was added into Malaysian star cake (Baulu Cermai) to replace wheat flour (WF) partially at the formulations of 5, 10 and 15%. Baulu Cermai with 100% WF and 0% YCP was used as the control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of YCP addition on the nutritional composition, textural properties and sensory attributes of Baulu Cermai. The results showed that the mean values of moisture, ash, fat and protein content of Baulu Cermai increased in line with the levels of YCP incorporation. In addition, the total dietary fibre (TDF) content was increased proportionally with the increasing levels of YCP added into Baulu Cermai. Addition of YCP did not show any predictable trend in all the textural properties of Baulu Cermai. Meanwhile, the aroma, chewiness and tenderness increased in parallel with the increasing percentages of YCP added in the formulated products. Baulu Cermai added with 10% of YCP showed the highest score of overall acceptance. Addition of YCP at 10% into Baulu Cermai increases moisture, ash, fat, protein and total dietary fibre content without significantly affecting the textural properties and the sensory attributes of Baulu Cermai. Addition of YCP at 5% to replace WF partially in Baulu Cermai resulted in slight improvement of TDF and fat but does not affected moisture, ash, protein content and acceptability of the consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  10. Fulltext The rehydration potential of zea mays juice compared to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage
    Azimah Ahmad, Normah Jusoh, Ruaibah Yazani Tengah
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2018;7(2):113-119.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of rehydration is to replace fluid and electrolyte losses. Carbohydrates and sodium are the main nutrient sources for rehydration. The presence of protein aids the rehydration process and thereby promoting muscle synthesis. Zea mays had been identified as one of the potential food sources that could be an alternative recovery beverage. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of Zea mays (ZM) juice as an alternative rehydration beverage. A total of 15 male participants were involved in this study. They were required to cycle to 70-80% of their age predicted maximum heart rate until they were dehydrated (1.8-2% body weight loss). Then they were given either ZM juice or CE drink in an amount representing 150% of their initial body weight loss. After 4-hours of rest with no other food allowed, their USG and percentage of fluid retention were calculated. Results showed that ZM juice had better retention and demonstrated well hydrated USG readings compared to CE drink. Therefore, ZM juice has the potential to be an alternative rehydration beverage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  11. Low-cost silica based ceramic supported thin film composite hollow fiber membrane from guinea corn husk ash for efficient removal of microplastic from aqueous solution
    Yogarathinam LT, Usman J, Othman MHD, Ismail AF, Goh PS, Gangasalam A, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2022 02 15;424(Pt A):127298.
    PMID: 34571470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127298
    In this study, an economic silica based ceramic hollow fiber (HF) microporous membrane was fabricated from guinea cornhusk ash (GCHA). A silica interlayer was coated to form a defect free silica membrane which serves as a support for the formation of thin film composite (TFC) ceramic hollow fiber (HF) membrane for the removal of microplastics (MPs) from aqueous solutions. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl-chloride (PVC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are the selected MPs The effects of amine monomer concentration (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) on the formation of poly (piperazine-amide) layer via interfacial polymerization over the GCHA ceramic support were also investigated. The morphology analysis of TFC GCHA HF membranes revealed the formation of a poly (piperazine-amide) layer with narrow pore arrangement. The pore size of TFC GCHA membrane declined with the formation of poly (piperazine-amide) layer, as evidenced from porosimetry analysis. The increase of amine concentration reduced the porosity and water flux of TFC GCHA HF membranes. During MPs filtration, 1 wt% (piperazine) based TFC GCHA membrane showed a lower transmission percentage of PVP (2.7%) and other suspended MPs also displayed lower transmission. The impact of humic acid and sodium alginate on MPs filtration and seawater pretreatment were also analyzed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  12. Fulltext Effect of Preservative Pretreatment on the Biological Durability of Corn Straw Fiber/HDPE Composites
    Xuan L, Hui D, Cheng W, Wong AHH, Han G, Tan WK, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2017 Jul 12;10(7).
    PMID: 28773150 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070789
    The effects of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) and zinc borate (ZB) on the resistance of corn stalk fiber (CSF)-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites to biodegradation were examined. Both biocides could inhibit termites, mold fungi, and wood-decay fungi, even at high CSF formulations (i.e., 60%). Additionally, ACQ enhanced the resistance of the composite materials to certain biotic stresses better than ZB. The CSF/HDPE composites treated with ACQ at the 3.0% level exhibited a superior performance against termites, white rot fungi, and brown rot fungi. ACQ treatment at the 1% level was optimal for inhibiting soft rot fungi. Furthermore, mold growth was not observed on ACQ-treated CSF/HDPE samples. The untreated CSF/HDPE composites were more susceptible to mold infections and decay than the untreated poplar/HDPE composites, likely because of an incomplete removal of the pith. The chemical features of the corn stalk may also have influenced these differences, but this possibility will need to be explored in future investigations. Furthermore, the CSF component of CSF/HDPE composites is highly susceptible to fungal attacks, with the soft rot fungus inducing the largest mass losses, followed by the white rot fungus, and then the brown rot fungus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  13. Fulltext Comparing Triflate and Hexafluorophosphate Anions of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitor Applications
    Liew CW, Ramesh S
    Materials (Basel), 2014 May 21;7(5):4019-4033.
    PMID: 28788662 DOI: 10.3390/ma7054019
    Two different ionic liquid-based biopolymer electrolyte systems were prepared using a solution casting technique. Corn starch and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) were employed as polymer and salt, respectively. Additionally, two different counteranions of ionic liquids, viz. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BmImPF₆) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (also known as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate) (BmImTf) were used and studied in this present work. The maximum ionic conductivities of (1.47 ± 0.02) × 10(-4) and (3.21 ± 0.01) × 10(-4) S∙cm(-1) were achieved with adulteration of 50 wt% of BmImPF₆ and 80 wt% of BmImTf, respectively at ambient temperature. Activated carbon-based electrodes were prepared and used in supercapacitor fabrication. Supercapacitors were then assembled using the most conducting polymer electrolyte from each system. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitors were then analyzed. The supercapacitor containing the triflate-based biopolymer electrolyte depicted a higher specific capacitance with a wider electrochemical stability window compared to that of the hexafluorophosphate system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  14. Fulltext Cornstarch-based biopolymer electrolyte doped with Na3PO4
    Syakirah Shahrudin, Azizah Hanom Ahmad
    Science Letter, 2016;10(2):26-30.
    MyJurnal
    In this work, polymer electrolytes have been prepared by doping starch with Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4). The incorporation of 25% Na3PO4 optimizes the room temperature conductivity of the electrolyte at 7.27 x 10-6 Scm-1. The temperature dependence of conductivity for the electrolyte is Arrhenius and the activation energy, Ea, of 75% corn starch-25% Na3PO4 electrolyte is 0.26eV. The dielectric studies reveal the non-Debye nature of the electrolyte. The complexation of Na3PO4 with the polymer host was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  15. Fulltext The ability of Zea mays ears (Young Corn) powder in enhancing nutritional composition and changing textural properties and sensory acceptability of yeast bread
    Lim, J.Y., Wan Rosli, W.l.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):799-804.
    MyJurnal
    Consumption of dietary fibre-rich food has been associated with various beneficial physiological properties and health effects. Presently, different types of natural fibre-rich ingredients are added into variety of bakery-based products to improve it fibre content for health promotional purposes. However, majority of these products are frequently added with imported dietary fibre ingredients. In the present study, bread samples were prepared with Zea mays ear (young corn) powder at the levels of either 2%, 4% or 6%. The bread samples were analyzed for nutritional composition, textural properties and sensory acceptance. Addition of young corn powder (YCP) at the level of 6% increases total dietary fibre (from 3.48% to 5.26%), moisture (from 25.64% to 26.55%), fat (from 4.35% to 4.61%) and protein content (from 9.13% to 9.51%) significantly. However, with the increasing of YCP levels in the bread, the carbohydrate content was decreased significantly (from 59.93% to 58.34%) while the ash content (from 0.95% to 0.99%) was not significantly affected. Results of texture profile analysis indicated that addition of YCP up to 6% not significantly affected the springiness (1.01-1.00) but significantly decreased cohesiveness (0.95-0.82). However, the addition of YCP up to 6% has increased hardness (0.18kg-0.57kg), gumminess (0.17kg-0.47kg) and chewiness (0.18kg-0.47kg) attributes of bread samples. On the other result, the sensory evaluation shows that the flavour score was not significantly affected by addition of YCP up to 4% (4.82-4.52) while the tenderness (4.53-4.42), elasticity (4.75-4.58), aroma (4.40-4.47), colour (4.93-4.55) and overall acceptance (4.80-4.35) scores were not significant affected up to 6%. In summary, breads with 4% addition of YCP were considered to be acceptable and potentially used in improving nutritional composition without changing sensory score.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  16. Fulltext Effect of extrusion barrel temperatures on residence time and physical properties of various flour extrudates
    Sue Shan, L., Sulaiman, R., Sanny, M., Nur Hanani, Z.A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(3):965-972.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of barrel temperature and flour types on the residence time and physical properties of various flour extrudates. Corn flour, rice flour, corn flour with potato starch (30% w/w, d.b), and rice flour with potato starch (30%w/w, d.b) were extruded at screw speed of 75rpm, feed moisture at 25% (w/w, w.b.), barrel temperature ranging from 80°C to 140°C and die size of 1.88mm. The extrudates were dried at 50°C overnight and further analysed. Results showed that an increase in extruder barrel temperature decreased the residence time of the flours in the extruder (from 4.11-11.32min to 2.24-6.76min), but increased the expansion ratio, rehydration ratio, water absorption index, water solubility index and b value of the extrudate (p≤0.05). The extrudates had the mean residence time and physical properties of rice flour
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  17. Fulltext Rheological properties of native and modified corn starches in the presence of hydrocolloids
    Shaari, N.A., Sulaiman, R., Cheok, C.Y.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(5):2082-2089.
    MyJurnal
    Starch and hydrocolloids were often used together in food industry to modify the rheological properties with the aim to enhance the starch tolerance to processing conditions. As such, the rheological properties of xanthan gum (XG), carrageenan, high (HMP) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP), with native corn starch (NCS) and modified corn starch (MCS) at different temperature were evaluated in this study. The flow behavior index (n) of corn starch-hydrocolloid mixtures were observed in the range from 0.160 to 0.604 where indicated the shear thinning behavior. The addition of hydrocolloids increased the apparent viscosity of the starch system. NCS mixtures showed consistency index (K) and apparent viscosities (na,100) decreased with increase in the temperature. The addition of XG and carrageenan increased the storage (G’) and loss (G”) moduli. Among the hydrocolloids, the XG addition to the NCS exhibited superior viscoelastic properties as evidenced by the highest G’ and lowest tan δ values. XG was observed capable to increase while pectin reduced the solid-like starch system. This result provides pragmatic data for food engineer in process design and food product development by minimizing the cost of trial and error.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  18. Fulltext Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation to Enhance Vegetative Growth, Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen Remobilisation of Maize under Greenhouse Conditions
    Kuan KB, Othman R, Abdul Rahim K, Shamsuddin ZH
    PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0152478.
    PMID: 27011317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152478
    Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may provide a biological alternative to fix atmospheric N2 and delay N remobilisation in maize plant to increase crop yield, based on an understanding that plant-N remobilisation is directly correlated to its plant senescence. Thus, four PGPR strains were selected from a series of bacterial strains isolated from maize roots at two locations in Malaysia. The PGPR strains were screened in vitro for their biochemical plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities and plant growth promotion assays. These strains were identified as Klebsiella sp. Br1, Klebsiella pneumoniae Fr1, Bacillus pumilus S1r1 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2 and a reference strain used was Bacillus subtilis UPMB10. All the PGPR strains were tested positive for N2 fixation, phosphate solubilisation and auxin production by in vitro tests. In a greenhouse experiment with reduced fertiliser-N input (a third of recommended fertiliser-N rate), the N2 fixation abilities of PGPR in association with maize were determined by 15N isotope dilution technique at two harvests, namely, prior to anthesis (D50) and ear harvest (D65). The results indicated that dry biomass of top, root and ear, total N content and bacterial colonisations in non-rhizosphere, rhizosphere and endosphere of maize roots were influenced by PGPR inoculation. In particular, the plants inoculated with B. pumilus S1r1 generally outperformed those with the other treatments. They produced the highest N2 fixing capacity of 30.5% (262 mg N2 fixed plant-1) and 25.5% (304 mg N2 fixed plant-1) of the total N requirement of maize top at D50 and D65, respectively. N remobilisation and plant senescence in maize were delayed by PGPR inoculation, which is an indicative of greater grain production. This is indicated by significant interactions between PGPR strains and time of harvests for parameters on N uptake and at. % 15Ne of tassel. The phenomenon is also supported by the lower N content in tassels of maize treated with PGPR, namely, B. pumilus S1r1, K. pneumoniae Fr1, B. subtilis UPMB10 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2 at D65 harvest. This study provides evidence that PGPR inoculation, namely, B. pumilus S1r1 can biologically fix atmospheric N2 and provide an alternative technique, besides plant breeding, to delay N remobilisation in maize plant for higher ear yield (up to 30.9%) with reduced fertiliser-N input.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays/growth & development; Zea mays/metabolism; Zea mays/microbiology*
  19. Response of soil microbial glycoside hydrolase family 6 cellulolytic population to lignocellulosic biochar reveals biochar stability toward microbial degradation
    Halmi MFA, Simarani K
    J Environ Qual, 2024;53(4):546-551.
    PMID: 38840421 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20588
    Biochar produced from lignocellulosic biomass offers an opportunity to recycle waste into a valuable soil amendment. The application of biochar has been proposed to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in the soil. However, the field impact of biochar treatment on the cellulolytic microbial populations involved in the earlier steps of cellulose degradation is poorly understood. A field trial spanning three consecutive crop cycles of Zea mays was conducted in a degraded tropical Ultisol of Peninsular Malaysia. The soil was amended with two contrasting biochar made from oil palm kernel shells (pyrolyzed at 400°C) and rice husks (gasified at 800°C) with or without fertilizer supplementation. Soil samples were taken at each harvesting stage and analyzed for total organic carbon, labile active organic carbon, total cellulase, and β-glucosidase. Microbial glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6) cellulase genes and transcripts, involved in the early steps of cellulose degradation, were quantified from the extracted soil deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), respectively. Total organic carbon, labile active organic carbon, and β-glucosidase activity were significantly increased, while no effect on total cellulase activity was found. Both biochars stimulated the total population (DNA-derived) abundance of soil microorganisms harboring the GH6 cellulase genes. The biochar amendment did not affect the active population (RNA-derived) of the GH6 cellulolytic community, showing no significant changes in transcript expression. This indirectly corroborates the role of biochar as a potential carbon sequester in the soil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  20. Ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sodium hydroxide treated corn stover using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Gloeophyllum trabeum
    Vincent M, Pometto AL, van Leeuwen JH
    Bioresour Technol, 2014 Apr;158:1-6.
    PMID: 24561994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.083
    Ethanol was produced via the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of dilute sodium hydroxide treated corn stover. Saccharification was achieved by cultivating either Phanerochaete chrysosporium or Gloeophyllum trabeum on the treated stover, and fermentation was then performed by using either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Escherichia coli K011. Ethanol production was highest on day 3 for the combination of G. trabeum and E. coli K011 at 6.68 g/100g stover, followed by the combination of P. chrysosporium and E. coli K011 at 5.00 g/100g stover. SSF with S. cerevisiae had lower ethanol yields, ranging between 2.88 g/100g stover at day 3 (P. chrysosporium treated stover) and 3.09 g/100g stover at day 4 (G. trabeum treated stover). The results indicated that mild alkaline pretreatment coupled with fungal saccharification offers a promising bioprocess for ethanol production from corn stover without the addition of commercial enzymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays/metabolism*
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