Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 198 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Highly divergent regions in the complete plastome sequences of Aquilaria are suitable for DNA barcoding applications including identifying species origin of agarwood products
    Hishamuddin MS, Lee SY, Syazwan SA, Ramlee SI, Lamasudin DU, Mohamed R
    3 Biotech, 2023 Mar;13(3):78.
    PMID: 36761338 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03479-1
    Members of Aquilaria Lam. (Thymelaeaceae) are evergreen trees that are widely distributed in the Indomalesia region. Aquilaria is highly prized for its unique scented resin, agarwood, which is often the subject of unlawful trade activities. Survival of the tree is heavily threatened by destructive harvesting and agarwood poaching, leading to its protection under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Unfortunately, an efficient species identification method, which is crucial to aid in the conservation efforts of Aquilaria is lacking. Here, we described our search for a suitable specific DNA barcode for Aquilaria species using eight complete plastome sequences. We identified five highly variable regions (HVR) (matK-rps16, ndhF-rpl32, psbJ-petA, trnD, and trnT-trnL) in the plastomes. These regions were further analyzed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to assess their ability at discriminating the eight species. Coupled with in silico primer design, two potential barcoding regions, psbJ-petA and trnT-trnL, were identified. Their strengths in species delimitation were evaluated individually and in combination, via DNA barcoding analysis. Our findings showed that the combined dataset, psbJ-petA + trnT-trnL, effectively resolved members of the genus Aquilaria by clustering all species into their respective clades. In addition, we demonstrated that the newly proposed DNA barcode was capable at identifying the species of origin of six commercial agarwood samples that were included as unknown samples. Such achievement offers a new technical advancement, useful in the combat against illicit agarwood trades and in assisting the conservation of these valuable species in natural populations.

    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03479-1.

  2. Fulltext Comparison of eight complete chloroplast genomes of the endangered Aquilaria tree species (Thymelaeaceae) and their phylogenetic relationships
    Hishamuddin MS, Lee SY, Ng WL, Ramlee SI, Lamasudin DU, Mohamed R
    Sci Rep, 2020 Aug 03;10(1):13034.
    PMID: 32747724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70030-0
    Aquilaria tree species are naturally distributed in the Indomalesian region and are protected against over-exploitation. They produce a fragrant non-timber product of high economic value, agarwood. Ambiguous species delimitation and limited genetic information within Aquilaria are among the impediments to conservation efforts. In this study, we conducted comparative analysis on eight Aquilaria species complete chloroplast (cp) genomes, of which seven were newly sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform followed by de novo assembly. Aquilaria cp genomes possess a typical quadripartite structure including gene order and genomic structure. The length of each of the cp genome is about 174 kbp and encoded between 89 and 92 proteins, 38 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs, with 27 duplicated in the IR (inverted repeat) region. Besides, 832 repeats (forward, reverse, palindrome and complement repeats) and nine highly variable regions were also identified. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that the topology structure of Aquilaria cp genomes were well presented with strong support values based on the cp genomes data set and matches their geographic distribution pattern. In summary, the complete cp genomes will facilitate development of species-specific molecular tools to discriminate Aquilaria species and resolve the evolutionary relationships of members of the Thymelaeaceae family.
  3. Fulltext Pathway to global elimination of hepatitis B: HBV cure is just the first step
    Howell J, Seaman C, Wallace J, Xiao Y, Scott N, Davies J, et al.
    Hepatology, 2023 Sep 01;78(3):976-990.
    PMID: 37125643 DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000430
    Hepatitis B (HBV) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, and the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide. Significant advances have recently been made toward the development of a finite HBV treatment that achieves permanent loss of HBsAg and HBV DNA (so-called "HBV cure"), which could provide the means to eliminate HBV as a public health threat. However, the HBV cure is just one step toward achieving WHO HBV elimination targets by 2030, and much work must be done now to prepare for the successful implementation of the HBV cure. In this review, we describe the required steps to rapidly scale-up future HBV cure equitably. We present key actions required for successful HBV cure implementation, integrated within the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) 2022-2030 framework. Finally, we highlight what can be done now to progress toward the 2030 HBV elimination targets using available tools to ensure that we are preparing, but not waiting, for the cure.
  4. Homology modeling of human BAP1 and analysis of its binding properties through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
    Husain S, Mohamed R, Abd Halim KB, Mohd Mutalip SS
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023;41(15):7158-7173.
    PMID: 36039769 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2117244
    BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a nuclear-localized Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) that functions as a tumour suppressor, and although BAP1 has been linked to cancer, the molecular mechanism by which BAP1 regulates cancer and its crystal structure have not been elucidated. In this study, computational approaches were used to identify the protein model of BAP1 and its potential inhibitors. The structure of the BAP1 model was constructed through homology modeling and the generated BAP1 model was observed to exhibit good quality protein model as the distribution of its amino acids in the Ramachandran's plot corresponded to 87.7% in the most favoured regions. Docking and simulating of the ubiquitin on the BAP1 model structure revealed the rearrangement of F228, F50, and H169 residues of the BAP1 and switching of BAP1's conformation into a productive state. Our screening results of potential BAP1 inhibitors against the FDA approved drugs shortlisted two potential inhibitors, which are FDA1065 and FDA755. We then performed molecular dynamics simulations and Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) analysis on both inhibitors and found that only the BAP1-FDA755 formed a stable complex and the FDA755 ligand remained its position inside the active site of the BAP1 with a total binding energy of (-51.77 ± 3.49 kcal/mol). We speculate that the presence of methyl group in FDA755 play an important role in stabilizing the BAP1-FDA755 complex.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
  5. Fulltext Irreversibility analysis of hydromagnetic nanofluid flow past a horizontal surface via Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) model
    Hussain SM, Shahzad F, Katbar NM, Jamshed W, Eid MR, Kamel A, et al.
    Heliyon, 2023 Jul;9(7):e17668.
    PMID: 37483748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17668
    The goal of this research is to investigate the effects of Ohmic heating, heat generation, and viscous dissipative flow on magneto (MHD) boundary-layer heat transmission flowing of Jeffrey nanofluid across a stretchable surface using the Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) model. Engine oil serves as the primary fluid and is suspended with copper oxide nanomolecules. The governing equations that regulate the flowing and heat transmission fields are partial-differential equations (PDEs) that are then converted to a model of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity transformation. The resultant ODEs are numerically resolved using a Keller box technique via MATLAB software that is suggested. Diagrams and tables are used to express the effects of various normal liquids, nanomolecule sizes, magneto parameters, Prandtl, Deborah, and Eckert numbers on the velocity field and temperature field. The outcomes display that the copper oxide-engine oil nanofluid has a lower velocity, drag force, and Nusselt number than the plain liquid, although the introduction of nanoparticles raises the heat. The heat transference rate is reduced by Eckert number, size of nanomolecules, and magneto parameter rising. Whilst, Deborah number is shown to enhance both the drag-force factor and the heat transfer rate. Furthermore, the discoveries reported are advantageous to upgrading incandescent lighting bulbs, heating, and cooling equipment, filament-generating light, energy generation, multiple heating devices, and other similar devices.
  6. The Role of Isocitrate Lyase (ICL1) in the Metabolic Adaptation of Candida albicans Biofilms
    Ishola OA, Ting SY, Tabana YM, Ahmed MA, Yunus MA, Mohamed R, et al.
    Jundishapur J Microbiol, 2016 Sep;9(9):e38031.
    PMID: 27800147
    A major characteristic of Candida biofilm cells that differentiates them from free-floating cells is their high tolerance to antifungal drugs. This high resistance is attributed to particular biofilm properties, including the accumulation of extrapolymeric substances, morphogenetic switching, and metabolic flexibility.
  7. Resistance of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to normal human serum bactericidal action
    Ismail G, Razak N, Mohamed R, Embi N, Omar O
    Microbiol. Immunol., 1988;32(7):645-52.
    PMID: 3193910
    The effect of human normal serum (HNS) on Pseudomonas pseudomallei was determined. It is apparent from our data that the organism is resistant to the normal serum bactericidal mechanism. Ancillary experiments to confirm this serum-resistant property of P. pseudomallei were done by examining the effects of growth phase conditions of the bacteria (i.e., logarithmic and stationary phases) and different buffered systems used as diluent in our bactericidal assay. Results obtained showed similar degree of resistance to serum bactericidal killing by 5 strains of the organisms tested. The possible survival advantage of serum-resistance property to P. pseudomallei as bacterial pathogens known to invade the blood stream is discussed.
  8. Antibody to Pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin in sheep exposed to natural infection
    Ismail G, Mohamed R, Rohana S, Sharifah HS, Embi N
    Vet Microbiol, 1991 May;27(3-4):277-82.
    PMID: 1882505
    Specific antibody to Pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin was detected in sheep sera exposed to natural infection. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. Serum antitoxin was present in 49.3% of sera obtained from a flock of sheep naturally exposed to P. pseudomallei infection. Among these sera, 17.0% gave titers of 10,000. In contrast, serum antitoxin was present in only 6.0% of sera collected from sheep kept on a melioidosis-free farm. The ELISA reactivity of all positive sera could be completely absorbed with purified P. pseudomallei exotoxin. Similarly, preincubation of the exotoxin-coated wells with specific antiserum inhibited the ELISA reactivity of sheep sera. The results indicate that exotoxin is produced in vivo during infection by P. pseudomallei.
  9. Fulltext Usage of traditional medicines among elderly and the prevalence of prednisolone contamination
    Ismail Z, Mohamed R, Mohd Hassan MH, Wan Su K
    Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jul;12(2):50-5.
    PMID: 22605958
    The elderly consume many medications including traditional medicines. In 1986, it was found that 29% of elderly took traditional medicines although in 1996, the National Health Morbidity survey reported a 2.3% prevalence. However, studies from other countries showed much higher percentages. The Ministry of Health in Malaysia is concerned that some of these preparations maybe contaminated with steroids, antihistamines, hormones and other poisons. The aims of the study were to determine a). the health seeking behaviour of elderly Malays living in rural areas, b). the utilization of both modern and traditional medicines and c). the steroid content of the traditional medicines used. Methodology included interviews using structured questionnaires of elderly Malays living in rural areas of Kelantan, aged above 60 years. Samples of traditional medications collected were sent to the Pharmacology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for steroid content analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography. A total of 599 elderly respondents were interviewed comprising 62.4% females and 37.6% males. The 60-69 years cohort group made up 48.7%, followed by 70-79 years at 36.1% and the remainder 15.2% were more than 80 years. There were 82% of elderly taking medicines. The trends of utilization of modern and traditional medicine in the last two weeks among elderly were 59.3% and 40.9% respectively. The utilization of traditional medicine by rural elderly Malays was therefore much higher than that reported in the previous study and nearly similar to that of France and Australian studies. There were 102 samples of traditional medications collected and analysed for steroid content. Results showed that 27.5% were positive for prednisolone, 34.3% positive for unknown steroids (a total of 61.8%) and 38.2% were negative for both steroids. The present study therefore once again confirmed the high usage of traditional medicines where some of which are contaminated with steroids.
  10. Group B streptococci in a maternity unit
    Jamal F, Mohamed R, Zainal Z, Arshat H
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Jun;33(4):349-51.
    PMID: 574917
  11. Fulltext A numerical frame work of magnetically driven Powell-Eyring nanofluid using single phase model
    Jamshed W, Eid MR, Nisar KS, Nasir NAAM, Edacherian A, Saleel CA, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 Aug 13;11(1):16500.
    PMID: 34389786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96040-0
    The current investigation aims to examine heat transfer as well as entropy generation analysis of Powell-Eyring nanofluid moving over a linearly expandable non-uniform medium. The nanofluid is investigated in terms of heat transport properties subjected to a convectively heated slippery surface. The effect of a magnetic field, porous medium, radiative flux, nanoparticle shapes, viscous dissipative flow, heat source, and Joule heating are also included in this analysis. The modeled equations regarding flow phenomenon are presented in the form of partial-differential equations (PDEs). Keller-box technique is utilized to detect the numerical solutions of modeled equations transformed into ordinary-differential equations (ODEs) via suitable similarity conversions. Two different nanofluids, Copper-methanol (Cu-MeOH) as well as Graphene oxide-methanol (GO-MeOH) have been taken for our study. Substantial results in terms of sundry variables against heat, frictional force, Nusselt number, and entropy production are elaborate graphically. This work's noteworthy conclusion is that the thermal conductivity in Powell-Eyring phenomena steadily increases in contrast to classical liquid. The system's entropy escalates in the case of volume fraction of nanoparticles, material parameters, and thermal radiation. The shape factor is more significant and it has a very clear effect on entropy rate in the case of GO-MeOH nanofluid than Cu-MeOH nanofluid.
  12. Fulltext Thermal growth in solar water pump using Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid: a solar energy application
    Jamshed W, Nasir NAAM, Isa SSPM, Safdar R, Shahzad F, Nisar KS, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 Sep 21;11(1):18704.
    PMID: 34548554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98103-8
    Nowadays, with the advantages of nanotechnology and solar radiation, the research of Solar Water Pump (SWP) production has become a trend. In this article, Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid (P-EHNF) is chosen as a working fluid in the SWP model for the production of SWP in a parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) is investigated for the case of numerous viscous dissipation, heat radiations, heat source, and the entropy generation analysis. By using a well-established numerical scheme the group of equations in terms of energy and momentum have been handled that is called the Keller-box method. The velocity, temperature, and shear stress are briefly explained and displayed in tables and figures. Nusselt number and surface drag coefficient are also being taken into reflection for illustrating the numerical results. The first finding is the improvement in SWP production is generated by amplification in thermal radiation and thermal conductivity variables. A single nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is very crucial to provide us the efficient heat energy sources. Further, the thermal efficiency of MoS2-Cu/EO than Cu-EO is between 3.3 and 4.4% The second finding is the addition of entropy is due to the increasing level of radiative flow, nanoparticles size, and Prandtl-Eyring variable.
  13. Fulltext Retraction Note: A brief comparative examination of tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid through a extending surface: numerical Keller-Box scheme
    Jamshed W, Prakash M, Devi SSU, Ibrahim RW, Shahzad F, Nisar KS, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Apr 13;13(1):6099.
    PMID: 37055498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33083-5
  14. Fulltext A brief comparative examination of tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid through a extending surface: numerical Keller-Box scheme
    Jamshed W, Prakash M, Devi SSU, Ibrahim RW, Shahzad F, Nisar KS, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 Dec 15;11(1):24032.
    PMID: 34912014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03392-8
    A novel hybrid nanofluid was explored in order to find an efficient heat-transmitting fluid to replace standard fluids and revolutionary nanofluids. By using tangent hyperbolic hybrid combination nanoliquid with non-Newtonian ethylene glycol (EG) as a basis fluid and a copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) mixture, this work aims to investigate the viscoelastic elements of the thermal transferring process. Flow and thermal facts, such as a slippery extended surface with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), suction/injection, form factor, Joule heating, and thermal radiation effects, including changing thermal conductivity, were also integrated. The Keller-Box method was used to perform collective numerical computations of parametric analysis using governing equivalences. In the form of graphs and tables, the results of TiO2-Cu/EG hybrid nanofluid were compared to those of standard Cu/EG nanofluid in important critical physical circumstances. The entropy generation study was used to examine energy balance and usefulness for important physically impacting parameters. Detailed scrutiny on entropy development get assisted with Weissenberg number, magnetic parameter, fractional volumes, injection parameter, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, Biot number, shape variation parameter, Reynolds and Brinkman number. Whereas the entropy gets resisted for slip and suction parameter. In this case, spotted entropy buildup with important parametric ranges could aid future optimization.
  15. Fulltext Solar energy optimization in solar-HVAC using Sutterby hybrid nanofluid with Smoluchowski temperature conditions: a solar thermal application
    Jamshed W, Eid MR, Safdar R, Pasha AA, Mohamed Isa SSP, Adil M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2022 Jul 07;12(1):11484.
    PMID: 35798787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15685-7
    In solar heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), communications are designed to create new 3D mathematical models that address the flow of rotating Sutterby hybrid nanofluids exposed to slippery and expandable seats. The heat transmission investigation included effects such as copper and graphene oxide nanoparticles, as well as thermal radiative fluxing. The activation energy effect was used to investigate mass transfer with fluid concentration. The boundary constraints utilized were Maxwell speed and Smoluchowksi temperature slippage. With the utilization of fitting changes, partial differential equations (PDEs) for impetus, energy, and concentricity can be decreased to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To address dimensionless ODEs, MATLAB's Keller box numerical technique was employed. Graphene oxide Copper/engine oil (GO-Cu/EO) is taken into consideration to address the performance analysis of the current study. Physical attributes, for example, surface drag coefficient, heat move, and mass exchange are mathematically processed and shown as tables and figures when numerous diverse factors are varied. The temperature field is enhanced by an increase in the volume fraction of copper and graphene oxide nanoparticles, while the mass fraction field is enhanced by an increase in activation energy.
  16. Fulltext Stimulatory Secretions of Airway Epithelial Cells Accelerate Early Repair of Tracheal Epithelium
    Kardia E, Mohamed R, Yahaya BH
    Sci Rep, 2017 09 15;7(1):11732.
    PMID: 28916766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11992-6
    Airway stem/progenitor epithelial cells (AECs) are notable for their differentiation capacities in response to lung injury. Our previous finding highlighted the regenerative capacity of AECs following transplantation in repairing tracheal injury and reducing the severity of alveolar damage associated acute lung injury in a rabbit model. The goal of this study is to further investigate the potential of AECs to re-populate the tracheal epithelium and to study their stimulatory effect on inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, epithelial cell migration and proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process following tracheal injury. Two in vitro culture assays were applied in this study; the direct co-culture assay that involved a culture of decellularised tracheal epithelium explants and AECs in a rotating tube, and indirect co-culture assay that utilized microporous membrane-well chamber system to separate the partially decellularised tracheal epithelium explants and AEC culture. The co-culture assays provided evidence of the stimulatory behaviour of AECs to enhance tracheal epithelial cell proliferation and migration during early wound repair. Factors that were secreted by AECs also markedly suppressed the production of IL-1β and IL-6 and initiated the EMT process during tracheal remodelling.
  17. Prevalence and risk factors of antibodies towards HLA Class I and Class II in Malaysian renal transplant candidates
    Khairul-Fahmy N, Ismail J, Koay BT, Md-Zakariah MZ, Mansor S, Zulkifli N, et al.
    BMC Nephrol, 2023 Feb 24;24(1):42.
    PMID: 36829106 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03085-6
    Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) still persists as the major hurdle towards successful renal allograft survival. This paper aims to report on the HLA antibody landscape of renal transplant candidates in Malaysia. A total of 2,219 adult samples from 2016 to 2019 were analysed for anti-HLA antibodies using solid-phase assay. Our findings highlight the prevalence and risk factors for antibodies against HLA antigens in renal transplant settings, which could be beneficial for selecting compatible recipients from deceased organ donors. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that ethnic Malay and Chinese showed significantly higher prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies. Based on our multivariate analysis: (i) female gender was associated with higher risk for panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) against Class I, Class II, and Class I and II (p 
  18. Fulltext Computational discovery and RT-PCR validation of novel Burkholderia conserved and Burkholderia pseudomallei unique sRNAs
    Khoo JS, Chai SF, Mohamed R, Nathan S, Firdaus-Raih M
    BMC Genomics, 2012;13 Suppl 7:S13.
    PMID: 23282220 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-S7-S13
    The sRNAs of bacterial pathogens are known to be involved in various cellular roles including environmental adaptation as well as regulation of virulence and pathogenicity. It is expected that sRNAs may also have similar functions for Burkholderia pseudomallei, a soil bacterium that can adapt to diverse environmental conditions, which causes the disease melioidosis and is also able to infect a wide variety of hosts.
  19. Fulltext The mediating role of procedural justice on the relationship between job analysis and employee performance in Jordan Industrial Estates
    Khtatbeh MM, Mahomed ASB, Rahman SBA, Mohamed R
    Heliyon, 2020 Oct;6(10):e04973.
    PMID: 33083583 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04973
    Job analysis and employees' perception of justice have a significant influence on employee performance within an organization. This study examined the relationships between job analysis, job performance, and procedural justice among local employees in Jordan Industrial Estates. The literature demonstrated gaps in knowledge regarding the relationships between these variables in developing countries, which are intended to be filled by this study. The study drew from the pay model and equity theory. Data were collected with a survey questionnaire from 690 Jordanian employees working in three industrial estates. The data were analyzed through structural equation modelling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS software tools. The results indicated to a significant positive relationship between job analysis and job performance, job analysis and procedural justice, and a positive relationship between procedural justice and job performance. Also, it is found that procedural justice mediates the relationship between job analysis and job performance. It is expected that the results of this study would have an impact on employee's performance through the fair implementation of one of the human resources practices, namely, job analysis, and thus organizational performance. Also, it contributes to the body of knowledge and supports the mediating role of procedural justice in decisions taken within the organization.
  20. Fulltext Utility of combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the surveillance and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region
    Kim DY, Toan BN, Tan CK, Hasan I, Setiawan L, Yu ML, et al.
    Clin Mol Hepatol, 2023 Apr;29(2):277-292.
    PMID: 36710606 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0212
    Even though the combined use of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is recommended for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the utilization of AFP has its challenges, including accuracy dependent on its cut-off levels, degree of liver necroinflammation, and etiology of liver disease. Though various studies have demonstrated the utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) in surveillance, treatment monitoring, and predicting recurrence, it is still not recommended as a routine biomarker test. A panel of 17 experts from Asia-Pacific, gathered to discuss and reach a consensus on the clinical usefulness and value of PIVKA-II for the surveillance and treatment monitoring of HCC, based on six predetermined statements. The experts agreed that PIVKA-II was valuable in the detection of HCC in AFP-negative patients, and could potentially benefit detection of early HCC in combination with AFP. PIVKA-II is clinically useful for monitoring curative and intra-arterial locoregional treatments, outcomes, and recurrence, and could potentially predict microvascular invasion risk and facilitate patient selection for liver transplant. However, combining PIVKA-II with US and AFP for HCC surveillance, including small HCC, still requires more evidence, whilst its role in detecting AFP-negative HCC will potentially increase as more patients are treated for hepatitis-related HCC. PIVKA-II in combination with AFP and US has a clinical role in the Asia-Pacific region for surveillance. However, implementation of PIVKA-II in the region will have some challenges, such as requiring standardization of cut-off values, its cost-effectiveness and improving awareness among healthcare providers.
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links