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Fulltext Body mass index and body fat status of men involved in sports, exercise, and sedentary activites

Wan Nudri WD, Wan Abdul Manan WM, Mohamed Rusli A

Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Apr;16(2):21-6.
PMID: 22589654 MyJurnal

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kota Bharu on three groups of men with ages ranging from 18 to 44 years. The study groups included 83 athletes representing various types of sports and levels of participation (athlete group), 80 active men who exercised a minimum of 30 minutes per day at least 3 times per week (exercise group), and 80 inactive men (sedentary group). The objectives of the study were to compare the body mass indices (BMIs) and body fat statuses among the three groups with different physical activity levels. The height and weight of respondents were measured using the Seca weighing balance with height attachment. Skinfold thickness of biceps, triceps, subscapular regions, and suprailiac regions of each respondent were measured using Harpenden skinfold calipers. Percentage body fat was calculated as the sum of the four measurements of skinfold thickness. The results showed that the mean (± SD) BMIs in the athlete, exercise, and sedentary groups were 22.6 ± 2.9, 23.4 ± 3.5, and 24.3 ± 4.6 kg/m(2), respectively. The combined prevalence of pre-obese (BMI 25.029.9) and obese (BMI ³ 30.0) subjects was 21.7% in the athlete group, 29.9% in the exercise group, and 47.5% in the sedentary group. The mean (± SD) percentage of body fat in athletes was 15.7 ± 5.4%, which was lower than in the exercise (18.9 ± 5.5%) and sedentary (20.6 ± 5.8%) groups. The study revealed that individuals who are actively involved in physical activity, particularly in sport activities, have lower BMIs and percentage body fat values compared to sedentary people. Therefore, to prevent obesity, all individuals are encouraged to perform regular physical activity, particularly sports activities.
Fulltext Severe presentation of non-ossifying fibroma of the femur in osteoglophonic dysplasia

Kumar A, Chong YT, Jamil K, Rusli E

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Nov 05;14(11).
PMID: 34740908 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245415

Osteoglophonic dwarfism, also known as osteoglophonic dysplasia (OD), is an uncommon skeletal dysplasia with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, which equally affects boys and girls. OD is saliently featured by craniosynostosis, dysmorphic facial features, impacted mandibular teeth, rhizomelic limb shortening and non-ossifying fibromas habitually at the metaphyseal regions, which usually disappear after skeletal maturity. The long bones in OD are portrayed by this distinguishable 'hollowed-out' appearance with metaphyseal cystic defects that have a natural history of spontaneous resolution. We report a case of a rare and unusual presentation of OD in a 23-year-old woman whom has been diagnosed with OD during her early childhood. She presented with a progressively enlarging right thigh swelling associated with pain for the past 1 year. Her right femur plain radiograph revealed diffuse lysis of the whole femur with cortical thinning. MRI revealed multiple bilateral femur benign cystic lesion synonymous with a severe spectrum of OD. She was started on a trial of oral bisphosphonates, which led to a significant improvement in pain.
Extensive Base of Skull Osteomyelitis: Why Does It Still Occur?

Noordiana SH, Mohammed Rusli ER, Nasseri Z, Abdullah A

Cureus, 2024 Jan;16(1):e51560.
PMID: 38173950 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51560

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is a rare yet serious intratemporal infection that often masquerades as a skull base malignancy. It is most common in diabetic and immunocompromised patients. We present a case of an elderly diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease with progressive malignant otitis externa. The disease progressed to involve the base of the skull, causing multiple cranial neuropathies. Early initiation of intravenous (IV) antibiotics, along with supportive treatment, may improve the long-term prognosis of the disease. This case highlights the importance of keeping a high index of diagnostic suspicion for SBO in patients with risk factors. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can drastically decrease morbidity and mortality due to SBO.
Fulltext Evolution of diabetes management in the 21st century: the contribution of quality of life measurement in Asians

Goh SG, Rusli BN, Khalid BA

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(2):190-8.
PMID: 26078234 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.2.04

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and chronic disease with multiple complications leading to increased mortality and poor quality of life. Current studies have shown that lowering glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) confers protection against microvascular complications. However, with more intensive glucose control to achieve HbA1c of less than 6.5%, there seems to be a significant increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. The current recommendation worldwide is for "tailoring" of DM management to risk and also quality of Life (QOL) which is a crucial component in determining the success or failure of DM management. In Asia, DM has become a health crisis but there is a lack of QOL assessment tool that is specific for Asians with wide spectrum of ethnicity, languages, religions and socio-economic differences. In this review, we discuss the evolution of DM management over the decade and the issues pertaining to QOL among people living with diabetes in Asia.
Factors associated with inappropriate utilisation of emergency department services

Selasawati HG, Naing L, Wan Aasim WA, Winn T, Rusli BN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2007;19(2):29-36.
PMID: 18050561 DOI: 10.1177/10105395070190020601

This study was carried out to determine the associated factors and the reasons for inappropriate utilisation of Emergency Department (ED) services at Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. A case-control study was conducted with 170 cases from ED and 170 controls from the Outpatient Department (OPD). A self-administered questionnaire was designed and used to obtain sociodemographic data, knowledge on the functions of ED and OPD, health seeking attitude and behaviour, and reasons for seeking treatment at ED. The study found that gender, marital status, family size, shift work, perceived illness, and knowledge on the role and functions of ED and OPD were significant associated factors. The three most common reasons for inappropriate utilisation of ED were as follows: "due to severity of illness" (85%), "can't go to OPD during office hours" (42%), and "ED near my house" (27%).

Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
Fulltext The expression of p53 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a study in the North-East States of Malaysia

Al-Joudi FS, Iskandar ZA, Rusli J

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):96-9.
PMID: 18942291

The p53 gene is a tumour suppressor gene that encodes a 393-amino-acid nuclear DNA-binding phosphoprotein. The significance of p53 detection is that p53 mutation is linked with chemo-resistance and transformation to more aggressive disease in a large number of tumour types and it was confirmed that mutant p53 is involved in neoplastic transformations. In addition, the expression of p53 has been closely correlated with clinicopathological findings. Since breast cancer has been reported as one of the most frequent malignancies in women in Malaysia, the expression of p53 was studied in 382 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, obtained from three major hospitals in the North-East States of Malaysia. The study utilized an enzyme immunohistochemistry assay for the detection of p53. It was found that p53 was expressed in 29.6% of all the study cases. Furthermore, its expression was significantly correlated with the age and the clinical grading of the disease. No significant statistical correlations were depicted with lymph node status, tumour size, side of tumour, and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Nevertheless, knowledge of the p53 status may be valuable in making clinical decisions regarding diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
Fulltext Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Primary Care Asian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Dhillon H, Nordin RB, Ramadas A

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 09 23;16(19).
PMID: 31547629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193561

Diabetes complications, medication adherence, and psychosocial well-being have been associated with quality of life (QOL) among several Western and Asian populations with diabetes, however, there is little evidence substantiating these relationships among Malaysia's unique and diverse population. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a Malaysian public primary care clinic among 150 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Structured and validated questionnaires were used to investigate the associations between demographic, clinical, and psychological factors with QOL of the study participants. Approximately three-quarters of patients had a good-excellent QOL. Diabetes-related variables that were significantly associated with poor QOL scores included insulin containing treatment regimens, poor glycemic control, inactive lifestyle, retinopathy, neuropathy, abnormal psychosocial well-being, higher diabetes complication severity, and nonadherence (p < 0.05). The main predictors of a good-excellent QOL were HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (aOR = 20.78, 95% CI = 2.5175.9, p = 0.005), normal anxiety levels (aOR = 5.73, 95% CI = 1.8-18.5, p = 0.004), medication adherence (aOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.3-8.7, p = 0.012), and an aDCSI score of one and two as compared to those greater than or equal to four (aOR = 7.78, 95% CI = 1.5-39.2, p = 0.013 and aOR = 8.23, 95% CI = 2.1-32.8, p = 0.003), respectively. Medication adherence has also been found to be an effect modifier of relationships between HbA1c, depression, anxiety, disease severity, and QOL. These predictors of QOL are important factors to consider when managing patients with T2DM.
CYP2B6 and OPRM1 Receptor Polymorphisms at Methadone Clinics And Novel OPRM1 Haplotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study

AlMeman AA, Ismail R, Perola M

Drug Metab Lett, 2016;10(3):213-218.
PMID: 27515451

INTRODUCTION: Methadone is accepted as an alternative therapy in opioid use disorders worldwide. Methadone responsiveness, however, is affected by a range of CYP450 enzymes and OPRM1 polymorphisms.
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to detect CYP2B6 and OPRM1 variants and their genotypes, as major contributors to inter-variability in methadone responsiveness and methadone dose requirements.
METHODS: We carried out a prospective experimental one-phase pharmacogenetic study in four addiction clinics in Malaysia. Patients on stable methadone maintenance therapy were recruited. The prevalence of the CYP2B6 and OPRM1 polymorphisms was determined using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by genotyping. A two-step multiplex PCR method was developed to simultaneously detect the 26 SNPs in these two genes.
RESULTS: 120 males were recruited for this study. The patients were between 21and 59 years old, although the majority of the patients were in their 30s. C64T and G15631T in CYP2B6and G31A, G691C, and A118G in OPRM1 were found to be polymorphic, and the allelic frequencies of each were calculated. We further detected eight new haplotypes.
CONCLUSION: C64T and G15631T in CYP2B6and G31A, G691C, and A118G in OPRM1were found to be polymorphic. The new haplotypes may give a new insight on methadone clinics.
Fulltext Health care delivery in Malaysia: changes, challenges and champions

Thomas S, Beh L, Nordin RB

J Public Health Afr, 2011 Sep 05;2(2):e23.
PMID: 28299064 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2011.e23

Since 1957, there has been major reorganization of health care services in Malaysia. This article assesses the changes and challenges in health care delivery in Malaysia and how the management in health care processes has evolved over the years including equitable health care and health care financing. The health care service in Malaysia is changing towards wellness service as opposed to illness service. The Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH), being the main provider of health services, may need to manage and mobilize better health care services by providing better health care financing mechanisms. It is recommended that partnership between public and private sectors with the extension of traditional medicine complementing western medicine in medical therapy continues in the delivery of health care.
Fulltext Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile and Acrylonitrile/Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile Terpolymers as a Potential Precursor for Carbon Fiber

Jamil SNAM, Daik R, Ahmad I

Materials (Basel), 2014 Sep 01;7(9):6207-6223.
PMID: 28788187 DOI: 10.3390/ma7096207

A synthesis of acrylonitrile (AN)/butyl acrylate (BA)/fumaronitrile (FN) and AN/EHA (ethyl hexyl acrylate)/FN terpolymers was carried out by redox polymerization using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator at 40 °C. The effect of comonomers, BA and EHA and termonomer, FN on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stabilization temperature was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior and char yield were obtained by Thermogravimetric Analysis. The conversions of AN, comonomers (BA and EHA) and FN were 55%-71%, 85%-91% and 76%-79%, respectively. It was found that with the same comonomer feed (10%), the Tg of AN/EHA copolymer was lower at 63 °C compared to AN/BA copolymer (70 °C). AN/EHA/FN terpolymer also exhibited a lower Tg at 63 °C when compared to that of the AN/BA/FN terpolymer (67 °C). By incorporating BA and EHA into a PAN system, the char yield was reduced to ~38.0% compared to that of AN (~47.7%). It was found that FN reduced the initial cyclization temperature of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers to 228 and 221 °C, respectively, in comparison to that of AN/BA and AN/EHA copolymers (~260 °C). In addition, FN reduced the heat liberation per unit time during the stabilization process that consequently reduced the emission of volatile group during this process. As a result, the char yields of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers are higher at ~45.1% and ~43.9%, respectively, as compared to those of AN/BA copolymer (37.1%) and AN/EHA copolymer (38.0%).
Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among new female drug abusers in a rehabilitation centre

Nordin RB, Rahman Bin Isa A, Rusli Bin Abdullah M

Malays J Med Sci, 2001 Jul;8(2):9-13.
PMID: 22893754 MyJurnal

The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among female drug abusers was studied by screening 130 new inmates of a rehabilitation centre. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, physical examination and specimen collection for laboratory investigation at the Community Medicine Clinic of HUSM. The majority (64.6%) were Malays and self-confessed sex workers (77.7%). A high prevalence of syphilis (50.8%), hepatitis B (52.2%), moniliasis (23.8%), trichomoniasis (19.2%) and gonococcal vaginitis (8.5%) was noted. More than half of them harbour 2 or more STDs. Six subjects, of whom 5 were Malays, were HIV positive. The evidence indicates that female drug abusers need a thorough screening for STD followed by an aggressive treatment regimen. Since the majority of them were born Muslims, they should have access to spiritual counselling and rehabilitation, stressing on repentance, and adopting a compassionate and forgiving approach.
A pilot study on percent free prostate specific antigen as an additional tool in prostate cancer screening

Omar J, Jaafar Z, Abdullah MR

Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Jan;16(1):44-7.
PMID: 22589648 MyJurnal

A cross sectional pilot study was carried out to look into the usefulness of percent free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer in HUSM patients. All patients who attended surgical clinic and admitted to surgical wards with signs and symptoms of prostate problems during the study period were taken as the study subjects. Total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) was estimated by immunoassay technique and those values of 4 ng/mL or more were proceeded for estimation of fPSA. Using the cut-off value of less than 25% fPSA for diagnosing patients with prostate cancer, our study showed that majority of the prostate cancer patients have a ratio of fPSA:tPSA more than 25% and a significantly higher level of total prostate specific antigen (P<0.005) when compared with patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Unexpectedly, the fPSA values were high in patients diagnosed as prostate cancer compared to BPH. Ratio of percent fPSA to tPSA was found not to be sensitive and specific, in diagnosing prostate cancer at the cut-off value of 25%. In conclusion, total PSA is a more useful biochemical test for diagnosing prostate cancer in our patients.
Fulltext Perceived fairness in performance appraisal system and its relationship with work performance

Xervaser, Arene Ursolo, Rusli Ahmad, Nur Fatihah Abdullah Bandar, Siti Mariam Abdullah

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2016;1(2):71-83.
MyJurnal

This study aims to identify employee perceptions of perceived fairness in performance appraisal system and work performance as the performance appraisal system is crucial to evaluate employees’ performance in every organization; public or private. A private Oil & Gas company in Miri, Sarawak was chosen for this study. Quantitative research method was employed in this study, and closed-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. Statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Independent sample t-test were used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there were no significance differences between the selected demographic factors (age, gender, duration of service, highest educational level, and rank) in performance appraisal system and the work performance. Also, there was a significant relationship between the rating accuracy in the performance appraisal system and work performance. Besides that, there was a significant relationship between employee perceptions of leadership styles in decision making in the performance appraisal system and work performance. The findings also showed that employees are concerned with the evaluation and rating given by their supervisor because the outcomes of the performance appraisal will influence their career development in the organization. Thus, performance appraisal system is crucial in increasing the work performance of employees and organization. Organizations should emphasize the role of the performance appraisal system practiced in their organizations and recognize that it is important in improving employees’ performance. Future researchers are encouraged to explore further on the performance appraisal elements that have not been investigated in this study, and conduct the research with a bigger population and sample size.
Fulltext Career Choice of Malaysian Pharmacy Students: A Preliminary Analysis

Ab Fatah Ab Rahman, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Zuraidah Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Baidi Bahari, Rusli Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy, 2001;1(1):16-22.
MyJurnal

A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students to determine
factors influencing their choice of work place and to evaluate whether a one-year
hospital pre-registration training programme had any effect on these choices.
Questionnaires were distributed to graduating students at the School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The questionnaires were again
sent to the same group of students by post at the end of their pre-registration
training year. The response rate during the follow-up stage was 46%. Results
indicated that students in the survey were more interested in independent and chain
community pharmacies compared to other practice settings. Students’ choices of
first place of practice appeared to be influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic job
factors. Our findings did not show major changes in students’ preferences for
practice sites before and after the hospital pre-registration period. This information
is expected to be useful for pharmacy employers.
Fulltext Work Engagement and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nurses

Nur Azma Amin, RM Noah, Oxley JA, Quek KF, Rusli BN

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(111):128-134.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is an alarming occupational health concern
worldwide. Nurses are among the professional at high risk of WRMSDs. Objective: This study explores
the prevalence WRMSDs and the association with work engagement among nurses. Methods: This
cross-sectional study used self-administered survey was disseminated to female nurses working at the
hospitals in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (N-SNMQ)
was used to determine the annual prevalence of WRMSDs. Level of work engagement was assessed
using Utrecht Work Engagement (M-UWES). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess
the association between WRMSDs and work engagement. Results: This study received high response
rate (83.3%) with annual prevalence of 73.1%. Most common WRMSDs was reported in neck (48.9%)
followed by feet (47.2%) while least was documented in arms and elbows (6.6%). After covariates
adjustment (age, years of employment), the adjusted logistic regression analyses highly engaged nurses
(AOR:0.71-0.74, 95%CI 0.56 – 0.95) were found to be unlikely sustained of WRMSDs. Conclusion: The
findings of this study addressed high prevalence of WRMSDs among nurses. High work engagement
could facilitate to reduce risk of WRMSDs, hence offer preventive strategies, making a substantial impact
on reducing WRMSDs.
Fulltext Performance of dental undergraduate students using international caries detection and assessment system (icdas)

Sanus,M,A,, Nordin,M,A,, Rusli,M,R,, Mohamed,Z,N,h,

Compendium of Oral Science, 2020;7(1):13-19.
MyJurnal

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess intra- and inter-examiner reliability of International Caries Detection
and Assessment System (ICDAS) and modified epidemiology ICDAS (MOD) code by undergraduate dental
students with different clinical experiences.
Methods: A total of 150 dental undergraduate students with varying clinical experiences (0, 1 and 2 years of
clinical experience) were recruited. Participants received training through a theoretical lecture on ICDAS criteria
by an experienced National Benchmark Group (NBG) examiner and underwent e-learning program prior to
ICDAS calibration. Visual examination on extracted permanent teeth (N= 45) with different location and stages
of caries progression ranging from ICDAS scores 0 to 6, was performed using the ICDAS criteria. The
assessments were repeated after one hour. The data were analysed to evaluate inter-examiner and
intra-examiner reliability in the form of kappa scores using SPSS 23 Software.
Results: Mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability for ICDAS code, were between 0.41 to
0.60, and 0.61 to 0.80 respectively. For MOD code, mean kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reliability
were between 0.61 to 0.80. Good intra-examiner agreement (>0.61) was observed in both ICDAS and MOD
code for all groups.
Conclusion: All students performed similar agreement, therefore, clinical experience within 2 years does not
influence the performance of visual inspection in detecting caries using ICDAS. The results of the study shows
that ICDAS and modified epidemiology ICDAS codes has good reproducibility and is feasible to be used as a
tool in clinical practice as well as patient education.
Fulltext Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of stevia rebaudiana bertoni

Norazlina Noordin, Rusli Ibrahim, Nur Hidayah Mohd Sajahan, Salmah Moosa, Sobri Hussein

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2014;26(2):17-25.
MyJurnal

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb that belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is a
natural sweetener plant known as sweet leaf, which is estimated to be 300 times sweeter than cane
sugar. In this study, micropropagation and in vitro mutagenesis of this natural herb was
successfully conducted. It was found that shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l
Kinetin showed the highest shoot induction and multiplication after 3 weeks of culture
(5.50±1.95a). Radiosensitivity test was conducted to identify the dose that killed 50% of the
irradiated explants (LD50) for in vitro stevia shoots and to select effective doses to be used for the in
vitro mutagenesis. Shoot tips were irradiated with acute and chronic gamma radiation at 0, 10, 20,
30, 40, 60, and 80Gy. At 60 Gy and 80 Gy, all treated shoot tips were not survived. In this study,
LD50 for the stevia was estimated at 29 Gy for acute irradiation and 45 Gy for chronic irradiation.
The effective doses were selected at 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy. These selected doses were applied for the
in vitro mutagenesis of the stevia shoots
Fulltext Predictors of life satisfaction among family caregivers of hospitalized first-ever stroke patients in Kelantan

Noor Aini Hussain, Mohamed Rusli Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Esa, Muzaimi Mustapha, Nasir Yusoff

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;15(2):164-175.
MyJurnal

Objective: The involvement of families in assisting health professionals in providing care for their family members who suffer a stroke during hospitalization is common in Malaysia. Family caregivers are accountable in providing for the first-ever stroke survivor’s needs, including maintaining functional improvements gained in rehabilitation and the long-term well-being of the stroke survivors. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of life satisfaction among family caregivers of hospitalized first-ever stroke patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional community research design study with purposive sampling. It involved 102 family caregivers of hospitalized first-ever stroke patients of two tertiary hospitals in Kelantan. The Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Score (BCOS) was used to measure life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors of life satisfaction. Results: Out of 102 respondents, 21 were males and 81 were females with age range of 16 to 76 years. Significant predictors of life satisfaction of caregivers while caring for their hospitalized first-ever stroke family members were caregivers’ health (β: -2.875, 95%CI: -5.725, -0.025, p = 0.048), patients’ age (β: - 4.251, 95% CI: - 6.379, -2.123, p
Fulltext Localisation for E-Learning website of comprehensive universities in Malaysia

Aslina Baharum, Grace Jelang Anak Thomas, Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain, Nordaliela Mohd. Rusli, Jason Teo

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):91-100.
MyJurnal

An e-learning website is very useful, especially for students and lecturers, as this platform is very efficient for blended learning. Thus, the main objective of this research was to determine the user expectations of e-learning websites of comprehensive universities through localisation based on user preferences. This research showed how users interact with e-learning websites and indicated the patterns that can be used as standard guidelines to design the best e-learning websites. It was found localisation of e-learning websites was scarce and slow interaction with e-learning websites has inconvenienced users. Additionally, too many web objects on the user interface of e-learning websites have a tendency to confuse users. A mixed method approach was used I this study, namely content analysis (qualitative) and localisation (quantitative). Thus, this research contributes to knowledge by guiding users on localising their web objects according to their preferences and hopefully allow for an easy and quick information search for e-learning websites.
Fulltext Obesity is associated with more sick leave and lower quality of life among Malay male security officers

Tan, Se Xian, Norhayati Ibrahim, Nuruljannah Johari, Nuruljannah Johari, Roszanadia Rusli, Zahara Abdul Manaf

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(2):31-37.
MyJurnal

Obesity is a risk factor for chronic diseases which can affect work productivity and physical function of employees
particularly among those in security sector. The study aimed to determine the association between obesity with total
days of sick leave and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among Malay male security officers. A cross-sectional
study was conducted among Malay male security officers working in a Malaysian higher learning institution. Subjects
were evaluated using anthropometric measurements, quality of life and number of sick leave taken within two months
prior to the study. A total of 194 subjects (mean age 40.12 ± 11.41 years) were recruited. A total of 30.4% were obese,
39.7% were pre-obese and only 29.9% had normal body weight or underweight. Central obesity was observed in 57.7%
of them and 87.1% shown excessive body fat percentage. Number of sick leave days was positively correlated with Body
Mass Index (BMI) (r = 0.162, p = 0.024) and waist circumference (r = 0.181, p = 0.012). Score of the general health
component was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.161, p = 0.025), waist circumference (r = -0.194, p = 0.007) and
body fat percentage (r = -0.191, p = 0.008). Physical functioning score was lowest in obese subjects than normal and
pre-obese subjects (p = 0.046). Score of the bodily pain component was positively correlated with waist circumference (r
= 0.156, p = 0.030). Obesity is associated with number of sick leave days and quality of life in the studied group. Hence,
body weight of the security staff should be monitored and appropriate intervention should be conducted to improve their
work attendance and quality of life.

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