Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 841 in total

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  1. Natural Polymer-Based Graphene Oxide Bio-nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads: Superstructures with Advanced Potentials for Drug Delivery
    Rehman S, Madni A, Jameel QA, Usman F, Raza MR, Ahmad F, et al.
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2022 Nov 17;23(8):304.
    PMID: 36396831 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02456-w
    The current study sought to create graphene oxide-based superstructures for gastrointestinal drug delivery. Graphene oxide has a large surface area that can be used to load anti-cancer drugs via non-covalent methods such as surface adsorption and hydrogen bonding. To enhance the bio-applicability of graphene oxide, nano-hybrids were synthesized by encapsulating the graphene oxide into calcium alginate hydrogel beads through the dripping-extrusion technique. These newly developed bio-nanocomposite hybrid hydrogel beads were evaluated in structural analysis, swelling study, drug release parameters, haemolytic assay, and antibacterial activity. Doxorubicin served as a model drug. The drug entrapment efficiency was determined by UV-spectroscopy analysis and was found to be high at ⁓89% in graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel beads. These fabricated hydrogel beads ensure the drug release from a hybrid polymeric matrix in a more controlled and sustained pattern avoiding the problems associated with a non-hybrid polymeric system. The drug release study of 12 h shows about 83% release at pH 6.8. In vitro drug release kinetics proved that drug release was a Fickian mechanism. The cytotoxic effect of graphene oxide hybrid alginate beads was also determined by evaluating the morphology of bacterial cells and red blood cells after incubation. Additionally, it was determined that the sequential encapsulation of graphene oxide in alginate hydrogel beads hides its uneven edges and lessens the graphene oxide's negative impacts. Also, the antibacterial study and biocompatibility of fabricated hydrogel beads made them potential candidates for gastrointestinal delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers*
  2. Fulltext Optimisation of Epoxide Ring-Opening Reaction for the Synthesis of Bio-Polyol from Palm Oil Derivative Using Response Surface Methodology
    Kamairudin N, Hoong SS, Abdullah LC, Ariffin H, Biak DRA
    Molecules, 2021 Jan 27;26(3).
    PMID: 33513686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030648
    The development of bio-polyol from vegetable oil and its derivatives is gaining much interest from polyurethane industries and academia. In view of this, the availability of methyl oleate derived from palm oil, which is aimed at biodiesel production, provides an excellent feedstock to produce bio-polyol for polyurethane applications. In this recent study, response surface methodology (RSM) with a combination of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimise the reaction parameters in order to obtain a maximised hydroxyl value (OHV). Three reaction parameters were selected, namely the mole ratio of epoxidised methyl oleate (EMO) to glycerol (1:5-1:10), the amount of catalyst loading (0.15-0.55%) and reaction temperature (90-150 °C) on a response variable as the hydroxyl value (OHV). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic model was significant at 98% confidence level with (p-value > 0.0001) with an insignificant lack of fit and the regression coefficient (R2) was 0.9897. The optimum reaction conditions established by the predicted model were: 1:10 mole ratio of EMO to glycerol, 0.18% of catalyst and 120 °C reaction temperature, giving a hydroxyl value (OHV) of 306.190 mg KOH/g for the experimental value and 301.248 mg KOH/g for the predicted value. This result proves that the RSM model is capable of forecasting the relevant response. FTIR analysis was employed to monitor the changes of functional group for each synthesis and the confirmation of this finding was analysed by NMR analysis. The viscosity and average molecular weight (MW) were 513.48 mPa and 491 Da, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers/chemistry*
  3. Development and characteristics of polymer monoliths for advanced LC bioscreening applications: A review
    Acquah C, Moy CKS, Danquah MK, Ongkudon CM
    J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2016 Mar 15;1015-1016:121-134.
    PMID: 26919447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.016
    Biomedical research advances over the past two decades in bioseparation science and engineering have led to the development of new adsorbent systems called monoliths, mostly as stationary supports for liquid chromatography (LC) applications. They are acknowledged to offer better mass transfer hydrodynamics than their particulate counterparts. Also, their architectural and morphological traits can be tailored in situ to meet the hydrodynamic size of molecules which include proteins, pDNA, cells and viral targets. This has enabled their development for a plethora of enhanced bioscreening applications including biosensing, biomolecular purification, concentration and separation, achieved through the introduction of specific functional moieties or ligands (such as triethylamine, N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylamine, antibodies, enzymes and aptamers) into the molecular architecture of monoliths. Notwithstanding, the application of monoliths presents major material and bioprocess challenges. The relationship between in-process polymerisation characteristics and the physicochemical properties of monolith is critical to optimise chromatographic performance. There is also a need to develop theoretical models for non-invasive analyses and predictions. This review article therefore discusses in-process analytical conditions, functionalisation chemistries and ligands relevant to establish the characteristics of monoliths in order to facilitate a wide range of enhanced bioscreening applications. It gives emphasis to the development of functional polymethacrylate monoliths for microfluidic and preparative scale bio-applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers*
  4. Emerging era of "somes": polymersomes as versatile drug delivery carrier for cancer diagnostics and therapy
    Sharma AK, Prasher P, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Gandhi H, Kumar S, et al.
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2020 Oct;10(5):1171-1190.
    PMID: 32504410 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00789-2
    Over the past two decades, polymersomes have been widely investigated for the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Polymersomes are stable polymeric vesicles, which are prepared using amphiphilic block polymers of different molecular weights. The use of high molecular weight amphiphilic copolymers allows for possible manipulation of membrane characteristics, which in turn enhances the efficiency of drug delivery. Polymersomes are more stable in comparison with liposomes and show less toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, significant biocompatibility, robustness, high colloidal stability, and simple methods for ligands conjugation make polymersomes a promising candidate for therapeutic drug delivery in cancer therapy. This review is focused on current development in the application of polymersomes for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Graphical abstract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers/therapeutic use
  5. Fabrication and characterisation of novel chitosan-based polymer inclusion membranes and their application in environmental remediation
    Sadiq AC, Olasupo A, Rahim NY, Ngah WSW, Hanafiah MAKM, Suah FBM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 31;244:125400.
    PMID: 37330084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125400
    Several water and wastewater technologies have been implored for the removal of dyes during wastewater treatments; however; different types have been reportedly found in surface and groundwater systems. Hence, there is a need to investigate other water treatment technologies for the complete remediation of dyes in aquatic environments. In this study, novel chitosan-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) were synthesized for the removal of malachite green dye (MG) which is a recalcitrant of great concern in water. Two types of PIMs were synthesized in this study, the first PIM (PIMs-A) was composed of chitosan, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP), and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). While, the second PIMs (PIMs-B) were composed of chitosan, Aliquat 336, and DOP. The physico-thermal stability of the PIMs was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), both PIMs demonstrated good stability with a weak intermolecular force of attraction amongst the various components of the membranes. The effects of the initial concentration of MG, pH of the MG solution, stripping solution, and time were investigated. At optimum conditions, both membranes (PIM-A and B) recorded the highest efficiencies of 96 % and 98 % at pH 4 and initial contaminants concentration of 50 mg/L, respectively. Finally, both PIMs were used for the removal of MG in different environmental samples (river water, seawater, and tap water) with an average removal efficiency of 90 %. Thus, the investigated PIMs can be considered a potential suitable technique for the removal of dyes and other contaminants from aquatic matrices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers/chemistry
  6. Fulltext Antifungal effects of eugenol on Candida albicans adherence to denture polymers
    Zanul Abidin Z, Mohd Salleh N, Himratul-Aznita WH, Ahmad SF, Lim GS, Raja Mohd N, et al.
    PeerJ, 2023;11:e15750.
    PMID: 37601266 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15750
    BACKGROUND: The study's objective is to assess the adherence of C. albicans in different types of denture polymers and the effectiveness of eugenol and commercialized denture cleansers in the removal of C. albicans. Three types of denture base polymers (Lucitone® 199 (High-Impact PMMA), Impact® (conventional PMMA) and Eclipse® (UDMA)) and two hard denture reline materials (Kooliner® and Tokuyama® Rebase II Fast) were used in this study.

    METHODS: Three hundred samples were prepared (6 × 2 mm disc shape) and divided into five groups of denture polymers (n = 60) and further subjected into five treatment groups (Polident®, Steradent, distilled water, eugenol 5-minutes, and eugenol 10-min). Three samples were extracted from each treatment group for baseline data (n = 12). Baseline data were used to calculate the initial number of C. albicans adherence. A 0.5 ml immersion solution from each specimen was cultured on YPD agar and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. Visible colonies were counted using a colony counter machine (ROCKER Galaxy 230).

    RESULTS: The result showed that the denture base polymer significantly affected the initial adherence (p = 0.007). The removal of C. albicans was also considerably affected by the denture base polymers and denture cleansers (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers/pharmacology
  7. Fulltext Heptamethine cyanine-based polymeric nanoparticles for photothermal therapy in HCT116 human colon cancer model
    Kampaengsri S, Yong GY, Aryamueang S, Ouengwanarat B, Pewklang T, Chansaenpak K, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2025 Jan 06;15(1):884.
    PMID: 39762372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83249-y
    In this work, we synthesize a quinoline-based heptamethine cyanine, QuCy7, with sulfonate groups to enhance water solubility. This dye demonstrates exceptional near-infrared absorption beyond 750 nm, accompanied by photothermal properties but low photostability. Encapsulating QyCy7 with polyethylene glycol to form nanopolymer, QuCy7@mPEG NPs, addresses the issue of its photoinstability. TEM showed that QuCy7@mPEG NPs possess a spherical morphology, featuring a core-shell structure with a size of around 120 nm in diameter. Upon irradiation with an 808 nm laser for 10 min, a significant increase in temperature up to 24 °C can be achieved with a photothermal conversion (PTC) rate of approximately 35%. QuCy7@mPEG NPs exhibit remarkable photothermal stability as compared to QuCy7. The efficiency of QuCy7@mPEG NPs was demonstrated by the in vitro PTT studies. Finally, the nanoparticles' acute toxicity and effectiveness were assessed using the chick embryo model. The results provide compelling evidence that QuCy7@mPEG NPs are safe without inducing hemolysis, inhibit angiogenesis when exposed to light, and exhibit anti-tumor activity with a 76% reduction in tumor size compared to QuCy7 (40%). Thus suggesting the sulfonate groups can enhance water solubility, and its nanopolymer is biocompatible and possesses superior anti-tumor efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers/chemistry
  8. Air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta using hollow fiber membranes
    Yap JX, Leo CP, Chan DJC, Mohd Yasin NH, Show PL
    Chemosphere, 2022 Nov;307(Pt 1):135625.
    PMID: 35820481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135625
    Microalgae cultivation in open ponds requires a large footprint, while most photobioreactors need improvement in the ratio of surface to volume and energy consumption. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes with a large surface area were rearranged into open-ended and dead-ended configurations to improve the air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta. N. incerta were successfully grown on the porous membrane surface with the nutrients circulating inside the lumen. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the accumulation of polysaccharides, proteins and humic acids. Hydrophilic polysaccharides reduced water contact angles on PES and PVDF membranes to 37.2 ± 2.6° and 55.7 ± 3.3°, respectively. However, the porosity of PES (80.1 ± 1.1%) and PVDF (61.3 ± 4.5%) membranes were not significantly affected even after cultivation and harvesting of N. incerta. Scanning electron images further confirmed that N. incerta, cell debris and extracellular organic matter accumulated on the membrane. With large pores and a hydrophobic surface, PVDF hollow fiber membranes offered a greater improvement in N. incerta cell growth rate compared to PES hollow fiber membranes despite using different configurations. In the dead-ended configuration, they even attained the greatest improvement in N. incerta growth rate, up to 54.0%. However, PES hollow fiber membranes only achieved improvement in harvesting efficiency within the range of 18.7-38.0% due to weak cell adhesion. PVDF hollow fiber membranes significantly promoted the growth of microalgae N. incerta through the air-liquid interface system, leading to potential applications in wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fluorocarbon Polymers; Polymers
  9. Fulltext All-optical graphene oxide humidity sensors
    Lim WH, Yap YK, Chong WY, Ahmad H
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(12):24329-37.
    PMID: 25526358 DOI: 10.3390/s141224329
    The optical characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) were explored to design and fabricate a GO-based optical humidity sensor. GO film was coated onto a SU8 polymer channel waveguide using the drop-casting technique. The proposed sensor shows a high TE-mode absorption at 1550 nm. Due to the dependence of the dielectric properties of the GO film on water content, this high TE-mode absorption decreases when the ambient relative humidity increases. The proposed sensor shows a rapid response (<1 s) to periodically interrupted humid air flow. The transmission of the proposed sensor shows a linear response of 0.553 dB/% RH in the range of 60% to 100% RH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  10. A review of polymer nanofibres by electrospinning and their application in oil-water separation for cleaning up marine oil spills
    Sarbatly R, Krishnaiah D, Kamin Z
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2016 May 15;106(1-2):8-16.
    PMID: 27016959 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.037
    The growths of oil and gas exploration and production activities have increased environmental problems, such as oil spillage and the resulting pollution. The study of the methods for cleaning up oil spills is a critical issue to protect the environment. Various techniques are available to contain oil spills, but they are typically time consuming, energy inefficient and create secondary pollution. The use of a sorbent, such as a nanofibre sorbent, is a technique for controlling oil spills because of its good physical and oil sorption properties. This review discusses about the application of nanofibre sorbent for oil removal from water and its current developments. With their unique physical and mechanical properties coupled with their very high surface area and small pore sizes, nanofibre sorbents are alternative materials for cleaning up oil spills.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  11. 1,2-Dibenzoylhydrazine
    Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Yamin BM, Boshaala AM, Tarafder MT, Crouse KA, Fun HK
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Aug;56 (Pt 8):1011-2.
    PMID: 10944308
    In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(12)N(2)O(2), the molecule lies about a twofold axis; two carbonyl groups and the H atoms of the N-N bond are in a trans orientation with respect to each other. In the crystal, each molecule is linked to the other and vice versa by intermolecular N-H.O hydrogen bonds between the amide hydrogen and the O atoms of neighbouring molecules to form two ten-membered rings, each of which has the graph-set motif C4R(2)(2)(10). This extends as a polymeric chain along the c axis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  12. Immobilization of hydrophobic lipase derivatives on to organic polymer beads
    Basri M, Ampon K, Yunus WM, Razak CN, Salleh AB
    J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 1994 Jan;59(1):37-44.
    PMID: 7764496
    A simple and effective method of lipase immobilization is described. Lipase from Candida rugosa was first modified with several hydrophobic modifiers before being adsorbed on to organic polymer beads. The soluble hydrophobic lipase derivatives adsorbed more strongly on to the various polymers as compared with the native lipase. The optimal adsorption temperature of the native and modified lipases on all the polymers was 40 degrees C. The optimal pH of adsorption was between 6 and 7. Lipase immobilized in this manner produced high catalytic recoveries which are affected by the type of modifiers, degree of modification and type of supports used. Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (1900) activated with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate was found to be the best modifier of the enzyme at 95% modification, for adsorption to the polymers. Increasing the degree of modification of the enzyme increased the activity which was immobilized. Generally, both native and hydrophobic lipase derivatives showed higher specific activities when immobilized on polar polymers compared with non-polar polymers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  13. Fulltext Shear Response of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Built-Up Hollow and Lightweight Concrete Filled Beams: An Experimental and Numerical Study
    Kong SY, Wong LS, Paul SC, Miah MJ
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Oct 02;12(10).
    PMID: 33023168 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102270
    This paper investigated the static behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) built-up hollow and concrete filled built-up beams tested under four-point bending with a span-to-depth ratio of 1.67, therefore focusing their shear performance. Two parameters considered for hollow sections were longitudinal web stiffener and strengthening at the web-flange junction. The experimental results indicated that the GFRP hollow beams failed by web crushing at supports; therefore, the longitudinal web stiffener has an insignificant effect on improving the maximum load. Strengthening web-flange junctions using rectangular hollow sections increased the maximum load by 47%. Concrete infill could effectively prevent the web crushing, and it demonstrated the highest load increment of 162%. The concrete filled GFRP composite beam failed by diagonal tension in the lightweight concrete core. The finite element models adopting Hashin damage criteria yielded are in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of maximum load and failure mode. Based on the numerical study, the longitudinal web stiffener could prevent the web buckling of the slender GFRP beam and improved the maximum load by 136%. The maximum load may be further improved by increasing the thickness of the GFRP section and the size of rectangular hollow sections used for strengthening. It was found that the bond-slip at the concrete-GFRP interface affected the shear resistance of concrete-GFRP composite beam.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  14. Fulltext Biodegradable Polymer Composite For Cosmetic Patch
    Sarah Amalina Adli, Fathilah Binti Ali, Azlin Suhaida Azmi, Hazleen Anuar, Rosnani Hasham
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2019;2(2):49-64.
    MyJurnal
    Patches has recently emerged and attracting more attention for its versatility in many areas such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical. Patches can either be used to administer selected drug to skin or deliver some beneficial ingredients for cosmetic purposes. With that, as polymer is used as the matrix for patches, the polymer selected must be non-toxic, have adhesive property and non-irritative to the skin. Currently, synthetic polymer had been used as the matrix. However, as time passes, people are more concern with the environment, therefore biopolymer is chosen over synthetic polymer as they are degradable and also safe to use. Nowadays, as consumers are demanding for a more effective product that is not only good for appearance but also the health of the skin, studies had been done on many kinds of active ingredient that will give the best effect to the skin. Thus in this paper, patches made up of different combinations of polymer and active ingredients, as well as fabrication method currently used to produce patches will be discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biopolymers; Polymers
  15. Composite amine mixed matrix membranes for high-pressure CO2-CH4 separation: synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation
    Fauzan NAB, Mukhtar H, Nasir R, Mohshim DFB, Arasu N, Man Z, et al.
    R Soc Open Sci, 2020 Sep;7(9):200795.
    PMID: 33047043 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200795
    The key challenge in the synthesis of composite mixed matrix membrane (MMMs) is the incompatible membrane fabrication using porous support in the dry-wet phase inversion technique. The key objective of this research is to synthesize thin composite ternary (amine) mixed matrix membranes on microporous support by incorporating 10 wt% of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) and 5-15 wt% of diethanolamine (DEA) in polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution for the separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from methane (CH4) at high-pressure applications. The developed membranes were evaluated for their morphological structure, thermal and mechanical stabilities, functional groups, as well as for CO2-CH4 separation performance at high pressure (10-30 bar). The results showed that the developed membranes have asymmetric structure, and they are mechanically strong at 30 bar. This new class of PES/CMS/DEA composite MMMs exhibited improved gas permeance compared to pure PES composite polymeric membrane. CO2-CH4 perm-selectivity enhanced from 8.15 to 16.04 at 15 wt% of DEA at 30 bar pressure. The performance of amine composite MMMs is theoretically predicted using a modified Maxwell model. The predictions were in good agreement with experimental data after applying the optimized values with AARE % = ∼less than 2% and R2 = 0.99.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  16. Fulltext Development of Laser Drilling Strategy for Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP)
    Ahmad Sobri S, Heinemann R, Whitehead D
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Nov 12;12(11).
    PMID: 33198377 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112674
    Composites from carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) play a significant role in modern manufacturing. They are typically used in aerospace and other industries that require high strength-to-weight ratios. Composite machining, however, remains a challenging job and sometimes is hampered by poor efficiency. Despite considerable research being conducted over the past few years on the machining of composite materials, the material nevertheless suffers from delamination, fibre loss, and imperfect finishing of the fuselage. Laser technology is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative approach to cutting and drilling composites. Experiments have been conducted with a CFRP thickness of 25.4 mm using fibre laser to test the effect of the machining parameters on the primary performance measurements. In this study, different machining criteria are used to assess the fibre laser ability of thick CFRP composites for drilling operation. The experimental findings revealed that a fibre laser is capable of penetrating a thick CFRP to a depth of 22 mm by using a novel drilling procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  17. Fulltext Emerging Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Cucurbit[8]uril Complexes: From Supramolecular Polymers to Nanofibers
    Barrio JD, Liu J, Brady RA, Tan CSY, Chiodini S, Ricci M, et al.
    J Am Chem Soc, 2019 09 11;141(36):14021-14025.
    PMID: 31422657 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07506
    The binding of imidazolium salts to cucurbit[8]uril, CB[8], triggers a stepwise self-assembly process with semiflexible polymer chains and crystalline nanostructures as early- and late-stage species, respectively. In such a process, which involves the crystallization of the host-guest complexes, the guest plays a critical role in directing self-assembly toward desirable morphologies. These include platelet-like aggregates and two-dimensional (2D) fibers, which, moreover, exhibit viscoelastic and lyotropic properties. Our observations provide a deeper understanding of the self-assembly of CB[8] complexes, with fundamental implications in the design of functional 2D systems and crystalline materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  18. Effects of thermal radiation on mixed convection flow over a permeable vertical shrinking flat plate in an oldroyd-b fluid
    Kohilavani Naganthran, Roslinda Nazar, Ioan Pop
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1069-1076.
    This study offers the numerical solutions for the problem of mixed convection stagnation-point flow along a permeable
    vertical flat plate in an Oldroyd-B fluid. The present investigation considers the effects of thermal radiation and heat
    generation/absorption in the fluid flow. The similarity transformation simplifies the complex model and the bvp4c function
    generates the numerical solutions according to the variations in the governing parameters. A higher degree of shrinking
    hastens flow separations. The dual solutions are visible in the range of buoyancy opposing flow. The results from this study
    may be useful for the scientist to understand the behaviour of the dilute polymer solutions in the industrial applications,
    for example, the drag reduction in pipe flows.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  19. Antifouling and antibacterial evaluation of ZnO/MWCNT dual nanofiller polyethersulfone mixed matrix membrane
    Pang WY, Ahmad AL, Zaulkiflee ND
    J Environ Manage, 2019 Nov 01;249:109358.
    PMID: 31450197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109358
    The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance and antifouling properties of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane incorporated with dual nanofiller, zinc oxide (ZnO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The synergistic effect of the these nanofillers in PES membrane is studied by blending different ratio of ZnO/MWCNT nanofiller into the PES membrane. The fabricated membranes were characterized in terms of cross-section and surface morphology, surface hydrophilicity, pore size and porosity. The filtration performance of the membranes was tested using 50 mg/L humic acid (HA) solution as model solution. SEM image and gravimetric evaluation reported that the incorporation of both MWCNT and ZnO into the PES membrane improved porosity significantly up to 46.02%. Lower water contact angle of PES membrane incorporated with equal ratio of MWCNT and ZnO (PES 3) revealed that it has neat PES membrane properties and more hydrophilic membrane surface than single filler. PES 3 outperform other membranes with excellent HA permeate flux of 40.00 L/m2.h and rejection of 88.51%. Due to hydrophilic membrane surface, PES 3 membrane demonstrate efficient antifouling properties with lower relative flux reduction (RFR) and higher flux recovery ratio (FRR). PES 3 also showed notable antibacterial properties with less bacterial attached to the membrane compared to neat PES membrane (PES 0).
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
  20. Fulltext Conceptual design of natural composite grating platform
    Ahmad Fuad Ab Ghani, Mohamad Kamarul Anwar Sahar, Muhammad Ridzuan Husyairi Azmi, Nurul Izzati Medon, Muhammad Syazwan Samsuri, Muhammad Syurabil Abdani
    Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018;1(2):62-70.
    MyJurnal
    There are several types of grating, such as platform, bridge decks and filters. In design process, there
    are several important terms that have to be prioritised; engineering design, strength to weight ratio, cost,
    maintainability, reparability etcetera. Advanced materials, such as composite materials offer great
    strength to weight ratio and high mechanical properties for grating fabrication. Furthermore the
    reparability and maintenance problems could be solved as it is anti corrosion and the long service life
    attribute of composite makes it a great design material for replacement of conventional steel or
    aluminium. Bio composites, such as bamboo and coir fiber yield advantage in terms of less cost and
    abundance availability compared to commercial unidirectional composite materials, such as glass fiber
    reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) which is considerably
    expensive yet possess higher mechanical properties. This papers presents a conceptual design of
    grating design utilizing bamboo composite as material. Pugh method has been chosen as design criteria
    selection matrix in finalizing the design of industrial grating for scaffolding (Pugh, 1991).
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymers
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