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Fulltext Serotype prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysia - the need for carriage studies

McNeil HC, Clarke SC

Med J Malaysia, 2016 Jun;71(3):134-8.
PMID: 27495888

Pneumococcal disease, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major burden to global health. Although the World Health Organisation (WHO) strongly recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in national immunisation programmes (NIP's) worldwide, this has not occurred in many countries in the WHO South East Asia and Western Pacific regions - particularly longstanding middle-income countries. It is widely accepted that carriage of S. pneumoniae is a precursor to developing any pneumococcal disease. The reduction in pneumococcal disease from vaccine serotypes (VT) following widespread implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is believed to be through the direct immunogenic protective effect of immunised individuals as well as indirectly through herd immunity diminishing the incidence of disease in nonimmunised individuals. In Malaysia, pneumococcal disease is not included in national surveillance programmes and although PCVs have been licensed, they have not been included in the NIP. Hence, the vaccine is only available privately and the majority of the population is not able to afford it. There is an urgent need to develop surveillance programmes in Malaysia to include pneumococcal serotype data from carriage and invasive disease so that it may help guide national vaccine policy prior to a decision being taken on the inclusion of PCVs in the NIP.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Does the definition of multisite musculoskeletal pain influence its occurrence and the assessement of physical work exposures?

Hanizah M.Y., Nor Hassim I

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(2):40-48.
MyJurnal

Most people with musculoskeletal problem suffer pain at multiple body sites. The most frequent form of multisite pain studied is chronic widespread pain (CWP). Focusing solely on CWP may exclude the commoner form of multisite pain which is less wide spread. Therefore, studies on multisite pain which do not consider the spatial distribution of pain can be beneficial to tackle the overall problem of musculoskeletal pain. Nevertheless, multisite pain has been defined differently in the studies among workers. The absence of uniformed definition will jeopardize the understanding of this musculoskeletal problem. A review was thus carried out to identify how multisite pain were defined, how they influenced the reported occurrence of multisite pain and whether the definition determined the physical work exposures assessed in previous studies among worker. A systematic review was initiated by the search of electronic databases for multisite pain. Articles were included and excluded based on the selection criteria. A final of nine full text articles were reviewed. It was found that the difference in the definitions lies mainly in the body sites considered and the pain characteristics. The characteristics of pain influenced the multisite pain prevalence more than the sites.It wasdifficult to conclude whether the definition used determined the physical work exposures since only five studies were involved and three of them had similar research team which may explained the usage of similar exposures. The findings from this review, however, could not be inferred due to the small number of studies involved.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Self-medication practices among female students of higher educational institutions in Selangor, Malaysia: A quantitative insight

Jamshed SQ, Wong PS, Yi HC, Yun GS, Khan MU, Ahmad A

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jul-Sep;8(3):217-22.
PMID: 27413350 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.172662

World Health Organization has defined self-medication as the selection and use of medications (including herbal and traditional product) by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. The prevalence of self-medication is reported to be higher among female students.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Circular RNAs as Promising Biomarkers: A Mini-Review

Abu N, Jamal R

Front Physiol, 2016;7:355.
PMID: 27588005 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00355

The interest in circular RNAs has resurfaced in the past few years. What was considered as "junk" for nearly two decades is now one of the most interesting molecules. Circular RNAs are non-coding RNAs that are formed by back-splicing events and have covalently closed loops with no poly-adenylated tails. The regulation of circular RNAs is distinctive and they are selectively abundant in different types of tissues. Based on the current knowledge of circular RNAs, these molecules have the potential to be the "next big thing" especially as biomarkers for different diseases. This mini-review attempts to concisely look at the biology of circular RNAs, the putative functional activities, the prevalence of circular RNAs, and the possible role of circular RNA as biomarkers for diagnosis or measuring drug response.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Reviewing self-injury: implications for the study of self-injury and suicidal behaviour in Malaysia

Thompson, Holly Knox, Hasking, Penelope A.

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2009;7(2):1-27.
MyJurnal

Self-injury is a significant predictor of future self-harm and suicide, and is associated with significant psychological morbidity. However, despite an
apparent increase in prevalence, very little research on this behaviour has been conducted within Malaysia. This paper reviews the definitional issues
pertinent to the study of self-injury including the need to adopt a consistent nomenclature for the behaviour, separate self-injury which occurs with and
without suicidal intent, and to address role of culture in defining self-injurious behaviour. A review and critique of research exploring the prevalence, function, aetiology, and correlates of self-injury across both clinical and community samples is provided. Finally, in light of the current international knowledge regarding self-injurious behaviour, recommendations to guide future research in Malaysia are proposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Stress among international postgraduate students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC)

Jamsiah, M., Sana Taher, A. Taufik J.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(2):21-33.
MyJurnal

Being a student, especially postgraduate student, could expose to stress, and being international postgraduate student would exposed to more stress to the student. This study was conducted to assess stress level among international postgraduate students and its associated factors. A cross sectional study was conducted among international postgraduate students registered at UKMMC, Cheras campus, Kuala Lumpur. Questionnaires were distributed to 119 students,. Main international student are Arabs (52.4%). The stress prevalence is 54.8%. Younger age group are more stressful with mean age 33.94 (P=0.004), while shorter duration is associated with stress, P=0.035. Relationship with neighbour and relationship with local colleagues are shown to be associated with stress with P value 0.011 and 0.005 respectively. This study reveals the presence of significant prevalence of stress among international postgraduate students. The student socio-demographic character that has shown to be associated with stress in this study was age. The poor relationships with local colleagues as well as the poor relationships with the neighbours have shown to contribute to the stress among international students.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Assessment of prevalence, length and position of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve: a study using CBCT

Haszelini Hassan, Hikmah Mohd Nor, Nur Athiah Shaberi, Nur Aqila Syaqina Zuber, Nur Hasnaa Hishamudin

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):66-66.
MyJurnal

Adequate space is required in the interforaminal region for anterior mandibular
surgery, where the anterior loop is located within this region. The aim of this study is to evaluate
the prevalence of the anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve, and to measure its length
and position in patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry using cone beam computed tomography
(CBCT). (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Reduced bone mineral density in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: a meta-analysis of its prevalence and risk factors: supplementary presentation

Goh SSL, Lai PSM, Tan ATB, Ponnampalavanar S

Osteoporos Int, 2018 07;29(7):1683.
PMID: 29737369 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4379-y

A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in HIV-infected and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated individuals was significantly higher than respective controls. Evidence regarding bone loss within first year of HIV infection or ART initiation was preliminary.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence of hypodontia in patients attending orthodontic clinic in Kuala Terengganu [Abstract]

Salma Shakirah Said, Farah Salwa Abdul Rahim, Mustaffa Jaapar

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):29-29.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the pattern of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in Klinik Pergigian Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective of 351 orthodontic patients record review study was conducted; comprised of 104 males and 247 females. The records were reviewed by trained dental officer between October 2016 and June 2017. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were carried out for statistical analysis.
Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 10.8%. Thirty-eight patients were found to have at least single missing tooth. A significant difference was found between males and females of having hypodontia (p = 0.048). No significant difference was found for hypodontia patients by races (p = 0.829). The maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently missing tooth followed by mandibular second premolars and mandibular lateral incisors. Hypodontia cases observed tended to be more likely occurred in the upper left arch compared to the lower arch. The majority of hypodontia patients had single missing tooth, but rarely more than 3 missing teeth. Hypodontia patients had mainly Class III malocclusion, however no statistically significant was found (p= 0.081).
Conclusion(s): The prevalence of hypodontia of this study was within the range of what is being reported in the literature and showed gender significant. Hypodontia was mainly involved maxillary lateral incisors; more prevalent in the upper arch; and mostly observed in patients with Class III malocclusion in the study sample. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential. Therefore, alternative treatment modalities can be well planned under multidisciplinary team approach in restoring the aesthetic and function.
KEYWORDS: hypodontia, orthodontics, prevalence, retrospective

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Non-syndromic tooth agenesis: pattern and distribution in permanent dentition among IIUM dental polyclinic patients

Nurul Hasyiqin Fauzi, Widya Lestari, Azrul Fazwan Kharuddin, Yunita Dewi Ardini

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):33-33.
MyJurnal

Non-syndromic tooth agenesis defined as developmental absence of more than one
tooth that appears as independent congenital oral trait. Its prevalence, pattern and distribution
rates vary by populations. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern and distribution of
tooth agenesis in permanent dentition among IIUM dental polyclinic patients. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence and predictors of water pipe (Shisha) use among Iranian high school children

Mohammadi, Mahtab, Rampal, Lekhraj, Hejar Abd. Rahman, Sherina Mohd Sidik, Normala Ibrahim, Ghaleiha, Ali

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2017;13(1):45-53.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Water pipe use is becoming increasingly common among Iranian adolescents. This study examined the prevalence and predictors of water pipe use among public high schoolchildren aged 14-17 in Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade public high schoolchildren in Sanadaj City, capital of Kurdistan province of Iran during the academic year 2012-2013. Cluster sampling was used to select a sample from 8 public high schools. The data were collected using validated self-administrated questionnaire that included questions on water pipe use, socio-demographic characteristics, smoking-related knowledge, attitude toward smoking, normative believes regards perceived prevalence water pipe use among peer and adults, perception of harm, self-esteem and refusal skill. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of water pipe use.
Results: A total of 1837 students participated in this study. Students’ ages ranged from 14 to 17 years (mean age±15.09; SD±0.82 years). The overall prevalence of ever water pipe use was 36.2% (43.1% in male and 29.2% in female, (p<0.001). Age, gender, living arrangement, pocket money, academic grade, parental history of smoking, attitude, and normative believes regards perceived prevalence water pipe use among peer and adults were predictors of water pipe use among study participants.
Conclusions: The overall prevalence of water pipe is high among high school children in Sanandaj. Age, gender, pocket money, academic grade, parents smoking, attitude toward smoking and normative believes were identified as the most important predictors increasing the risk of water pipe use in the studied students.
Keywords: Water pipe use, Prevalence, Predictors of Water Pipe, High school children

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Safety training and safety behaviour in the Malaysian SME

Khoo, Teng Hong, Lilis Surienty, Mohd Nasir Selamat

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):55-62.
MyJurnal

Workplace accident is still prevalent in the Malaysian industry sector. Although statistics indicates that the number of
accidents in the workplace is showing signs of decrease over the last five years, there is still room for improvements. According to
report, a majority of the workplace accidents in Malaysia happened in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). This shows that SME is
still lagging behind in ensuring the safety of their workplace. This can disrupt their business activities as workplace accidents bring
several negative effects. Therefore, this study explores the use of safety training to foster safety behaviour among employees. Surveys
were distributed to employees working in SME, Northern Corridor of Economic Region (NCER). The data was analysed and results
were presented. Suggestions to management in SME are made at the end of the paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext A review of critical pertussis in PICU UMMC from 2010-2015

Chuah, Soo Lin, Aun, Yiyang, Len, En Yean, Kow, Yun Shi, Chen, Chin Chern, Gan, Chin Seng

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016;22(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

Since 1994 to 2009, ascribed by the good coverage of immunization, the incidence of pertussis has been less than 1 in 100,000 populations [1]. Nevertheless, the incidence and prevalence increased tremendously for the past 2 years, i.e. 2014 and 2015.(Copied from article)

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Comparison and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workforce in Malaysia

Rebi, M.A.M., Zein, R.M., Aziz, R.A., Tamilselvan, H.K., Azis, N.A., Mali, M.N., et al.

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):133-136.
MyJurnal

This study is carried out to establish the prevalence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) among
the Malaysian workforce population in order to propose some measures to benefit the people at large. Secondary data
from three studies among drivers, clerical workers using visual display terminals (VDT) and fabrication workers were
used to report the prevalence of MSDs and the associated risk factors. The study identified high prevalence of MSDs in
multiple body regions. The MSD occurrence was also significantly associated with psychosocial factors. There is need
for organisations to consider such factors in work design, which will reduce the high prevalence and high financial
implications associated with MSDs among workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
A review of blood pressure profile and hypertension studies in Malaysia

Liew YM, Tan H, Khoo KL

Family Physician, 1994;6:36-45.

This paper reviews the literature on blood pressure profile and hypertension studies carried out in Peninsular Malaysia from 1952 to 1988. From these studies, the following key information is summarised: 1. Blood pressure profiles of Malaysians, irrespective of sex and the three major ethnic groups viz., Malay, Chinese and Indian followed a similar rising trend with age. 2. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 134 mmHg and 84 mmHg respectively across the major ethnic groups. 3. The prevalence of hypertension for Malaysians was 16.0%, 4.2% and 3.4% when 140/90 mmHg, 150/90 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of 100 mmHg or greater were taken as cut-off values respectively. Males generally showed a higher prevalence of hypertension than females. 4. Orang Asli living in the deep jungle had relatively low blood pressures (Mean: 109/70 mmHg) and their blood pressure did not rise with increasing age. 5. There was generally no difference in the prevalence of hypertension amongst the major ethnic groups. However, there was a tendency for the Malays to have a higher prevalence of hypertension than the Chinese or the Indians. 6. There was an increased prevalence of hypertension among subjects who smoked heavily or who did very little or no physical exercise. Differences in prevalence of hypertension among subjects living in changing environment and lifestyle, such as urban versus rural, alcohol versus non-alcohol consumers and low income versus moderate income groups were not evident in the studies reviewed. 7. Percent unawareness of hypertension in hypertension subjects was generally high i.e. 57 % - 69% except in one sample which recorded a moderately value (33%).

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
The problem of tuberculosis in Malaysia

Kuppusamy I

Family Physician, 1993;5:5-6.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Creating Personalized Recommendations in a Smart Community by Performing User Trajectory Analysis through Social Internet of Things Deployment

Lye GX, Cheng WK, Tan TB, Hung CW, Chen YL

Sensors (Basel), 2020 Apr 08;20(7).
PMID: 32276431 DOI: 10.3390/s20072098

Despite advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and social networks, developing an intelligent service discovery and composition framework in the Social IoT (SIoT) domain remains a challenge. In the IoT, a large number of things are connected together according to the different objectives of their owners. Due to this extensive connection of heterogeneous objects, generating a suitable recommendation for users becomes very difficult. The complexity of this problem exponentially increases when additional issues, such as user preferences, autonomous settings, and a chaotic IoT environment, must be considered. For the aforementioned reasons, this paper presents an SIoT architecture with a personalized recommendation framework to enhance service discovery and composition. The novel contribution of this study is the development of a unique personalized recommender engine that is based on the knowledge-desire-intention model and is suitable for service discovery in a smart community. Our algorithm provides service recommendations with high satisfaction by analyzing data concerning users' beliefs and surroundings. Moreover, the algorithm eliminates the prevalent cold start problem in the early stage of recommendation generation. Several experiments and benchmarking on different datasets are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed personalized recommender engine. The experimental precision and recall results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve up to an approximately 28% higher F-score than conventional approaches. In general, the proposed hybrid approach outperforms other methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Respiratory-tract infections among geriatrics: prevalence and factors associated with the treatment outcomes

Akhtar A, Hassali MAA, Zainal H, Ali I, Iqbal MS, Khan AH

Ther Adv Respir Dis, 2021 4 30;15:1753466620971141.
PMID: 33910420 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620971141

BACKGROUND: Geriatric individuals are more susceptible to different infections, especially respiratory-tract infections (RTIs) due to their compromised immune system. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence, medication regimen complexity and factors associated with the treatment outcomes of different RTIs among geriatrics.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study (5 years) was conducted at the respiratory department, Hospital Pulau Pinang. Patients aged ⩾65 years with confirmed diagnosis of RTI were included in the study.
RESULTS: A total of 474 patients were included, and the most prevalent RTIs were community-acquired pneumonia (65.6%) followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20.7%), bronchitis (8.2%) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (5.5%). Amoxicillin/clavulanate (69.8%), ampicillin/sulbactam (9.1%) and cefuroxime (6.5%) are the most common antibiotics prescribed to treat RTIs among geriatrics. Smoking, alcohol consumption, polypharmacy and presence of other co-morbidities are statistically significant factors associated with treatment outcomes of RTIs among geriatrics.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia (65.6%) among older patients aged 65 years and older higher than other RTIs. Smoking, alcohol use, presence of polypharmacy and other co-morbidities are important factors associated with the treatment outcomes of RTIs.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Parasitic infection in foreign workers: Serological findings

Zurainee MN, Khairul Anuar A, Khatijah O, Sri Suriati A, Noraishah S

JUMMEC, 2002;7:12-12.

The serology result of parasitic infections of 260 foreign workers who were seen at the University of Malaya Medical Center, during 7 months period is reported here. The 260 foreign workers comprised 114 Indonesians, 142 Bangladeshis, 2 Myanmarese and 2 Pakistanis.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
What do we know about porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) diagnosis so far?: A review

Tan CY, Lin CN, Ooi PT

Transbound Emerg Dis, 2021 Nov;68(6):2915-2935.
PMID: 34110095 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14185

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) was first discovered in 2016, almost concomitantly by two groups of researchers in the United States. The novel case was reported in a group of sows with chronic reproductive problems with clinical presentation alike porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), where metagenomic sequencing revealed a genetically divergent porcine circovirus designated PCV3. The discovery of PCV3 in a PDNS case, which used to be considered as part of PCVAD attributed to PCV2 (porcine circovirus 2), has garnered attention and effort in further research of the novel virus. Just when an infectious molecular DNA clone of PCV3 has been developed and successfully used in an in vivo pathogenicity study, yet another novel PCV strain surfaced, designated PCV4 (porcine circovirus 4). So far, PCV3 has been reported in domestic swine population globally at low to moderate prevalence, from almost all sample types including organ tissues, faecal, semen and colostrum samples. PCV3 has been associated with a myriad of clinical presentations, from PDNS to porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). This review paper summarizes the studies on PCV3 to date, with focus on diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

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