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  1. Occurrence of the vanA and vanC2/C3 genes in Enterococcus species isolated from poultry sources in Malaysia
    Radu S, Toosa H, Rahim RA, Reezal A, Ahmad M, Hamid AN, et al.
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2001 Mar;39(3):145-53.
    PMID: 11337180
    Enterococcus species isolated from poultry sources were characterized for their resistance to antibiotics, plasmid content, presence of van genes and their diversity by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). The results showed that all isolates were multi-resistance to the antibiotics tested. Ampicillin (15/70) followed by chloramphenicol (37/70) were the most active antibiotics tested against the Enterococcus spp. isolates, while the overall resistant rates against the other antibiotics were between 64.3% to 100%. All vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, E. durans, E. hirae and E. faecium isolates tested by the disk diffusion assay were positive in PCR detection for presence of vanA gene. All E. casseliflavus isolates were positive for vanC2/C3 gene. However, none of the Enterococcus spp. isolates were positive for vanB and vanC1 genes. Plasmids ranging in sizes between 1.1 to ca. 35.8 MDa were detected in 38/70 of the Enterococcus isolates. When the genetic relationship among all isolates of the individual species were tested by RAPD-PCR, genetic differences detected suggested a high genetic polymorphisms of isolates in each individual species. Our results indicates that further epidemiological studies are necessary to elucidate the role of food animals as reservoir of VRE and the public health significance of infections caused by Enterococcus spp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carbon-Oxygen Ligases/genetics*
  2. Nitric oxide contamination of hospital compressed air improves gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury
    Tan PS, Genc F, Delgado E, Kellum JA, Pinsky MR
    Intensive Care Med, 2002 Aug;28(8):1064-72.
    PMID: 12185426
    We tested the hypothesis that NO contamination of hospital compressed air also improves PaO(2) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and following lung transplant (LTx).
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen/analysis*
  3. Fulltext Sodium lignosulfonate improves shoot growth of Oryza sativa via enhancement of photosynthetic activity and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species
    Kok AD, Wan Abdullah WMAN, Tang CN, Low LY, Yuswan MH, Ong-Abdullah J, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 06 24;11(1):13226.
    PMID: 34168171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92401-x
    Lignosulfonate (LS) is a by-product obtained during sulfite pulping process and is commonly used as a growth enhancer in plant growth. However, the underlying growth promoting mechanism of LS on shoot growth remains largely unknown. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the potential application of eco-friendly ion-chelated LS complex [sodium LS (NaLS) and calcium LS (CaLS)] to enhance recalcitrant indica rice MR 219 shoot growth and to elucidate its underlying growth promoting mechanisms. In this study, the shoot apex of MR 219 rice was grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different ion chelated LS complex (NaLS and CaLS) at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/L The NaLS was shown to be a better shoot growth enhancer as compared to CaLS, with optimum concentration of 300 mg/L. Subsequent comparative proteomic analysis revealed an increase of photosynthesis-related proteins [photosystem II (PSII) CP43 reaction center protein, photosystem I (PSI) iron-sulfur center, PSII CP47 reaction center protein, PSII protein D1], ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase) and stress regulator proteins (peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase A4, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1) abundance in NaLS-treated rice as compared to the control (MSO). Consistent with proteins detected, a significant increase in biochemical analyses involved in photosynthetic activities, carbohydrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis such as total chlorophyll, rubisco activity, total sugar and total protein contents were observed in NaLS-treated rice. This implies that NaLS plays a role in empowering photosynthesis activities that led to plant growth enhancement. In addition, the increased in abundance of stress regulator proteins were consistent with low levels of peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity observed in NaLS-treated rice. These results suggest that NaLS plays a role in modulating cellular homeostasis to provide a conducive cellular environment for plant growth. Taken together, NaLS improved shoot growth of recalcitrant MR 219 rice by upregulation of photosynthetic activities and reduction of ROS accumulation leading to better plant growth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*
  4. Melatonin inhibits high glucose-induced ox-LDL/LDL expression and apoptosis in human umbilical endothelial cells
    Tiong YL, Ng KY, Koh RY, Ponnudurai G, Chye SM
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2020 Jun 29;41(4).
    PMID: 32598308 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0009
    BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Evidence suggests that hyperglycemia in diabetic patients contributes to increased risk of CVD. This study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and provide insights on the underlying mechanisms.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane potential was detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye staining, respectively. While, cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin-V staining and protein expression was measured using Western blot.

    RESULTS: Our results suggested that melatonin inhibited glucose-induced ROS elevation, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis on HUVEC. Melatonin inhibited glucose-induced HUVEC apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Activation of Akt further activated BcL-2 pathway through upregulation of Mcl-1 expression and downregulation Bax expression in order to inhibit glucose-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Besides that, melatonin promoted downregulation of oxLDL/LOX-1 in order to inhibit glucose-induced HUVEC apoptosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results suggested that melatonin exerted vasculoprotective effects against glucose-induced apoptosis in HUVEC through PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2 and oxLDL/LOX-1 signaling pathways.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  5. Fulltext SA-Mediated Regulation and Control of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice
    Nadarajah K, Abdul Hamid NW, Abdul Rahman NSN
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 May 25;22(11).
    PMID: 34070465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115591
    Environmental or abiotic stresses are a common threat that remains a constant and common challenge to all plants. These threats whether singular or in combination can have devastating effects on plants. As a semiaquatic plant, rice succumbs to the same threats. Here we systematically look into the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of abiotic stress in rice. Studies have shown that the level of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) is high in rice compared to any other plant species. The reason behind this elevated level and the contribution of this molecule towards abiotic stress management and other underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood in rice. In this review we will address various abiotic stresses that affect the biochemistry and physiology of rice and the role played by SA in its regulation. Further, this review will elucidate the potential mechanisms that control SA-mediated stress tolerance in rice, leading to future prospects and direction for investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  6. Fulltext Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System
    Yeo GEC, Ng MH, Nordin FB, Law JX
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 May 27;22(11).
    PMID: 34072224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115749
    Rapid growth of the geriatric population has been made possible with advancements in pharmaceutical and health sciences. Hence, age-associated diseases are becoming more common. Aging encompasses deterioration of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Dysregulation of the immune cell production, differentiation, and functioning lead to a chronic subclinical inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The hallmarks of the aging immune system are decreased naïve cells, increased memory cells, and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising solution to halt immunosenescence as the cells have excellent immunomodulatory functions and low immunogenicity. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the aging immune system and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for immunosenescence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  7. Fulltext Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes grown under varying salinity levels
    Butt M, Sattar A, Abbas T, Hussain R, Ijaz M, Sher A, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(11):e0257893.
    PMID: 34735478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257893
    Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in huge crop losses throughout the world. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a salt-susceptible crop; therefore, its growth and yield is negatively impacted by salinity. Irreversible damage at cell level and photo inhibition due to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and less CO2 availability caused by water stress is directly linked with salinity. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the impact of five NaCl salinity levels, i.e., 0,1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m-1 on growth, biochemical attributes and yield of two chili genotypes ('Plahi' and 'A-120'). Salinity stress significantly reduced fresh and dry weight, relative water contents, water use efficiency, leaf osmotic potential, glycine betaine (GB) contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and chlorophyll contents of tested genotypes. Salinity stress significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of the enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). In addition, increasing salinity levels significantly reduced the tissue phosphorus and potassium concentrations, while enhanced the tissue sodium and chloride concentrations. Genotype 'Plahi' had better growth and biochemical attributes compared to 'A-120'. Therefore, 'Plahi' is recommended for saline areas to improve chili production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  8. Fulltext Exposure to selected limonene oxidation products: 4-OPA, IPOH, 4-AMCH induces oxidative stress and inflammation in human lung epithelial cell lines
    Lipsa D, Barrero-Moreno J, Coelhan M
    Chemosphere, 2018 Jan;191:937-945.
    PMID: 29145138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.065
    Limonene oxidation products (LOPs) have gained interest on their harmful health effects over time. Recently, studies have shown that the selected LOPs: 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), 3-isopropenyl-6-oxo-heptanal (IPOH) and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene (4-AMCH) have sensory irritation effects in mice and inflammatory effects in human lung cells. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the potential capacity of 4-OPA, IPOH and 4-AMCH to cause cell membrane damage, oxidative stress and inflammation in human bronchial (16HBE14o-) and alveolar (A549) epithelial cell lines. Overall results suggest that 4-OPA, IPOH have cytotoxic effects on human lung cells that might be mediated by ROS: the highest concentration applied of IPOH [500 μM] enhanced ROS generation by 100-fold ± 7.7 (A549) and 230-fold ± 19.9 (16HBE14o-) compared to the baseline. 4-OPA [500 μM] increased ROS levels by 1.4-fold ± 0.3 (A549) and by 127-fold ± 10.5 (16HBE14o-), while treatment with 4-AMCH [500 μM] led to 0.9-fold ± 0.2 (A549) and 49-fold ± 12.8 (16HBE14o-) increase. IPOH [500 μM] caused a decrease in the thiol-state balance (e.g. after 2 h, GSH:GSSG was reduced by 37% compared to the untreated 16HBE14o-cells). 4-OPA [500 μM] decreased the GSH:GSSG by 1.3-fold change in A549 cells and 1.4-fold change in 16HBE14o-cells. No statistically significant decrease in the GSH:GSSG in A549 and 16HBE14o-cell lines was observed for 4-AMCH [500 μM]. In addition, IPOH and 4-OPA [31.2 μM] increased the amount of the inflammatory markers: RANTES, VEGF and EGF. On the other hand, 4-AMCH [31.2 μM] did not show inflammatory effects in A549 or 16HBE14o-cells. The 4-OPA, IPOH and 4-AMCH treatment concentration and time-dependently induce oxidative stress and/or alteration of inflammatory markers on human bronchial and alveolar cell lines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  9. Overexpression of monodehydroascorbate reductase from a mangrove plant (AeMDHAR) confers salt tolerance on rice
    Sultana S, Khew CY, Morshed MM, Namasivayam P, Napis S, Ho CL
    J Plant Physiol, 2012 Feb 15;169(3):311-8.
    PMID: 22024734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.004
    Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), an important enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, is involved in salt tolerance of plants through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a cDNA encoding MDHAR from the mangrove plant Acanthus ebracteatus was introduced into rice to examine its role in salt tolerance. Three stable transgenic lines (MT22, MT24 and MT25) overexpressing AeMDHAR were selected in vitro using hygromycin and confirmed by PCR, quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT) PCR and enzyme assay. The transgenic line MT24 was predicted to possess a single copy of the transgene while the other two transgenic lines were predicted to have multiple transgene integrations. The AeMDHAR transcripts were detected only in transgenic rice lines but not in untransformed rice. The abundance of AeMDHAR transcripts in transgenic lines MT22 and MT25 was approximately 2.75 times the amount found in MT24. The transgenic rice lines overexpressing AeMDHAR showed a significant increase in MDHAR enzyme activity compared to untransformed plants under both NaCl and control conditions. All transgenic lines showed better yield attributes such as a higher tiller number and increased 1000-grain weight compared to non-transgenics. They also showed tolerance to salt at germination and seedling stages. The transgenic line MT24, which harbors a single copy of AeMDHAR, displayed a lower rate of sterility, a higher number of tillers and longer panicle compared to untransformed plants when subjected to salt stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  10. Influence of agitation speed on tannase production and morphology of Aspergillus niger FETL FT3 in submerged fermentation
    Darah I, Sumathi G, Jain K, Lim SH
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2011 Dec;165(7-8):1682-90.
    PMID: 21947762 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9387-8
    Agitation speed was found to influence the tannase production and fungal growth of Aspergillus niger FETL FT3. The optimal agitation speed was at 200 rpm which produced 1.41 U/ml tannase and 3.75 g/l of fungal growth. Lower or higher agitation speeds than 200 rpm produced lower enzyme production and fungal growth. Based on the SEM and TEM micrograph observation, there was a significant correlation between agitation speed and the morphology of the fungal mycelia. The results revealed an increase of the enzyme production with the change of the fungal growth morphology from filamentous to pelleted growth forms. However, the exposure to higher shear stress with an increasing agitation speed of the shaker also resulted in lower biomass yields as well as enzyme production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen/metabolism
  11. Influence of gas stunning and halal slaughter (no stunning) on rabbits welfare indicators and meat quality
    Nakyinsige K, Sazili AQ, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Abu Bakar F, Sabow AB
    Meat Sci, 2014 Dec;98(4):701-8.
    PMID: 25089797 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.017
    This study assessed the effect of gas stunning which has not been conducted until now in comparison with slaughter without stunning on the welfare and meat quality of rabbits. Eighty male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups of 40 animals and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or gas stunning using 61.4% CO2, 20.3% oxygen and 18.3 % nitrogen (GS). Analysis of the sticking blood revealed that both slaughter procedures caused a substantial increase in the levels of catecholamines, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, lactic acidemia and an increase in enzyme activities. The ultimate pH of the Longissimus lumborum muscle did not differ between treatments. GS exhibited higher lightness and cooking loss, and lower glycogen and MFI than HS. This indicates that both GS and HS can be significant stressors although the amount of stress may be below the threshold to negatively affect rabbit meat quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen/administration & dosage
  12. Fulltext Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 cells by Dillenia suffruticosa root extract via multiple signalling pathways
    Foo JB, Yazan LS, Tor YS, Armania N, Ismail N, Imam MU, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:197.
    PMID: 24947113 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-197
    Dillenia suffruticosa root dichloromethane extract (DCM-DS) has been reported to exhibit strong cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the cell cycle profile, mode of cell death and signalling pathways of DCM-DS-treated human caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  13. Impact of low oxygen tension on stemness, proliferation and differentiation potential of human adipose-derived stem cells
    Choi JR, Pingguan-Murphy B, Wan Abas WA, Noor Azmi MA, Omar SZ, Chua KH, et al.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014 May 30;448(2):218-24.
    PMID: 24785372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.096
    Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been found adapted to a specific niche with low oxygen tension (hypoxia) in the body. As an important component of this niche, oxygen tension has been known to play a critical role in the maintenance of stem cell characteristics. However, the effect of O2 tension on their functional properties has not been well determined. In this study, we investigated the effects of O2 tension on ASCs stemness, differentiation and proliferation ability. Human ASCs were cultured under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2). We found that hypoxia increased ASC stemness marker expression and proliferation rate without altering their morphology and surface markers. Low oxygen tension further enhances the chondrogenic differentiation ability, but reduces both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. These results might be correlated with the increased expression of HIF-1α under hypoxia. Taken together, we suggest that growing ASCs under 2% O2 tension may be important in expanding ASCs effectively while maintaining their functional properties for clinical therapy, particularly for the treatment of cartilage defects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen/metabolism*
  14. Paeonol protects against premature senescence in endothelial cells by modulating Sirtuin 1 pathway
    Jamal J, Mustafa MR, Wong PF
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Jun 11;154(2):428-36.
    PMID: 24768807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.025
    Paeonol is a phenolic compound isolated mainly from Moutan cortex, root bark of Chinese Peony tree. Moutan cortex holds a significant value in traditional Chinese medicine for alleviating various oxidative stress-related diseases mainly atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The present study seeks to identify the protective mechanisms of paeonol in oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in endothelial cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  15. The inhibition of human T cell proliferation by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK is mediated through oxidative stress
    Rajah T, Chow SC
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2014 Jul 15;278(2):100-6.
    PMID: 24768707 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.014
    The caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbony (Cbz)-l-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-FMK) has recently been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation without blocking caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation in primary T cells. We showed in this study that z-VAD-FMK treatment leads to a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in activated T cells. The inhibition of anti-CD3-mediated T cell proliferation induced by z-VAD-FMK was abolished by the presence of low molecular weight thiols such as GSH, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and l-cysteine, whereas d-cysteine which cannot be metabolised to GSH has no effect. These results suggest that the depletion of intracellular GSH is the underlying cause of z-VAD-FMK-mediated inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation. The presence of exogenous GSH also attenuated the inhibition of anti-CD3-induced CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-VAD-FMK. However, none of the low molecular weight thiols were able to restore the caspase-inhibitory properties of z-VAD-FMK in activated T cells where caspase-8 and caspase-3 remain activated and processed into their respective subunits in the presence of the caspase inhibitor. This suggests that the inhibition of T cell proliferation can be uncoupled from the caspase-inhibitory properties of z-VAD-FMK. Taken together, the immunosuppressive effects in primary T cells mediated by z-VAD-FMK are due to oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  16. Fulltext A Schiff base-derived copper (II) complex is a potent inducer of apoptosis in colon cancer cells by activating the intrinsic pathway
    Hajrezaie M, Paydar M, Moghadamtousi SZ, Hassandarvish P, Gwaram NS, Zahedifard M, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:540463.
    PMID: 24737979 DOI: 10.1155/2014/540463
    Metal-based drugs with extensive clinical applications hold great promise for the development of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In the last few decades, Schiff bases and their complexes have become well known for their extensive biological potential. In the present study, we examined the antiproliferative effect of a copper (II) complex on HT-29 colon cancer cells. The Cu(BrHAP)2 Schiff base compound demonstrated a potent antiproliferative effect in HT-29 cells, with an IC50 value of 2.87  μg/ml after 72 h of treatment. HT-29 cells treated with Cu (II) complexes underwent apoptosis death, as exhibited by a progressive elevation in the proportion of the G1 cell population. At a concentration of 6.25  μg/ml, the Cu(BrHAP)2 compound caused significant elevation in ROS production following perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release, as assessed by the measurement of fluorescence intensity in stained cells. Furthermore, the activation of caspases 3/7 and 9 was part of the Cu (II) complex-induced apoptosis, which confirmed the involvement of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Meanwhile, there was no significant activation of caspase-8. Taken together, these results imply that the Cu(BrHAP)2 compound is a potential candidate for further in vivo and clinical colon cancer studies to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents derived from metal-based agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  17. Fulltext C-phycocyanin confers protection against oxalate-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in MDCK cells
    Farooq SM, Boppana NB, Devarajan A, Asokan D, Sekaran SD, Shankar EM, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e93056.
    PMID: 24691130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093056
    Oxalate toxicity is mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a process that is partly dependent on mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we investigated whether C-phycocyanin (CP) could protect against oxidative stress-mediated intracellular damage triggered by oxalate in MDCK cells. DCFDA, a fluorescence-based probe and hexanoyl-lysine adduct (HEL), an oxidative stress marker were used to investigate the effect of CP on oxalate-induced ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). The role of CP against oxalate-induced oxidative stress was studied by the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential by JC1 fluorescein staining, quantification of ATP synthesis and stress-induced MAP kinases (JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2). Our results revealed that oxalate-induced cells show markedly increased ROS levels and HEL protein expression that were significantly decreased following pre-treatment with CP. Further, JC1 staining showed that CP pre-treatment conferred significant protection from mitochondrial membrane permeability and increased ATP production in CP-treated cells than oxalate-alone-treated cells. In addition, CP treated cells significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2 as compared to oxalate-alone-treated cells. We concluded that CP could be used as a potential free radical-scavenging therapeutic strategy against oxidative stress-associated diseases including urolithiasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  18. Fulltext Dengue virus type 2 (DENV2)-induced oxidative responses in monocytes from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient and G6PD normal subjects
    Al-Alimi AA, Ali SA, Al-Hassan FM, Idris FM, Teow SY, Mohd Yusoff N
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 Mar;8(3):e2711.
    PMID: 24625456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002711
    Dengue virus is endemic in peninsular Malaysia. The clinical manifestations vary depending on the incubation period of the virus as well as the immunity of the patients. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is prevalent in Malaysia where the incidence is 3.2%. It has been noted that some G6PD-deficient individuals suffer from more severe clinical presentation of dengue infection. In this study, we aim to investigate the oxidative responses of DENV2-infected monocytes from G6PD-deficient individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis
  19. Swietenia macrophylla King induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis through p53 upregulation in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells
    Goh BH, Chan CK, Kamarudin MN, Abdul Kadir H
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Apr 28;153(2):375-85.
    PMID: 24613274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.036
    Swietenia macrophylla King is a traditional herb used to treat various diseases including hypertension, diabetes and cancer. Previous study demonstrated its anti-tumor effect but the potential mechanisms have not been clearly defined. The current study was to further investigate the underlying mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction of Swietenia macrophylla (SMEAF)-induced anti-proliferative effect and apoptosis in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  20. Boldine protects endothelial function in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress through an antioxidant mechanism
    Lau YS, Tian XY, Huang Y, Murugan D, Achike FI, Mustafa MR
    Biochem Pharmacol, 2013 Feb 1;85(3):367-75.
    PMID: 23178655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.010
    Increased oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Antioxidants are therapeutically beneficial for oxidative stress-associated diseases. Boldine ([s]-2,9-dihydroxy-1,10-dimethoxyaporphine) is a major alkaloid present in the leaves and bark of the boldo tree (Peumus boldus Molina), with known an antioxidant activity. This study examined the protective effects of boldine against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) and its mechanisms of vasoprotection related to diabetic endothelial dysfunction. In RAEC exposed to high glucose (30 mM) for 48 h, pre-treatment with boldine reduced the elevated ROS and nitrotyrosine formation, and preserved nitric oxide (NO) production. Pre-incubation with β-NAPDH reduced the acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation; this attenuation was reversed by boldine. Compared with control, endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aortas of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats was significantly improved by both acute (1 μM, 30 min) and chronic (20mg/kg/daily, i.p., 7 days) treatment with boldine. Intracellular superoxide and peroxynitrite formation measured by DHE fluorescence or chemiluminescence assay were higher in sections of aortic rings from diabetic rats compared with control. Chronic boldine treatment normalized ROS over-production in the diabetic group and this correlated with reduction of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, NOX2 and p47(phox). The present study shows that boldine reversed the increased ROS formation in high glucose-treated endothelial cells and restored endothelial function in STZ-induced diabetes by inhibiting oxidative stress and thus increasing NO bioavailability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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