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  1. Anti-hypertensive prescription practices in private hospitals in Malaysia: a prospective, non-interventional, observational study
    Ng WK, Philip AZ, Lim TT, Wong M, Goh EL, Tengku Ismail TS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 May;78(3):350-356.
    PMID: 37271845
    INTRODUCTION: In managing hypertension, monotherapy and sometimes a combination of more than one agent are used to achieve blood pressure (BP) control. The objective of this prospective, observational, multi-centre study was to assess the level of BP control in patients receiving one or more anti-hypertensive drugs in private medical centres in Malaysia according to the treatment regimens (monotherapy, free drug combinations and single pill combinations).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected through medical records and interview sessions with patients on current pharmacotherapy for hypertension management at baseline and 2-3 months later. Results are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous data and as frequencies and percentages for categorical data.

    RESULTS: Among 182 recruited patients, 89 (49%) achieved BP control by the end of the study. Majority (62/89) patients were on single-pill (monotherapy or SPC) antihypertensives. Majority (63/89) required more than two antihypertensives to achieve BP control.

    CONCLUSION: Both SPC and free drug combination antihypertensives reduced BPs, but physicians preferred SPC to improve BP control and increase treatment compliance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  2. Fulltext Protocol For Intervention Study In Reducing Elevated Blood Pressure Through Intermittent Fasting
    Baharuddin D, Said MA, Majid HA
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2023 Nov;73(11):2171-2176.
    PMID: 38013523 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.7748
    OBJECTIVES: To chart out a protocol for conducting an intervention-based study to compare the efficacy of intermittent fasting intervention and usual diet in reducing elevated blood pressure among working adults.

    METHODS: The quasi-experimental study with single-blinded parallel groups will comprise subjects from two civil departments. The intervention group will be required to conduct 2 days of fasting and 5 days of ad libitum diet in a week, while the control group will follow the usual healthy lifestyle. The largest sample size will be taken to achieve a power of 80% and an alpha value of 5%. Based on the 30% attrition rate, the total sample size needed in the study will be 140 participants, with 70 in each of the two arms. This study will use SPSS 24 for statistical analysis.

    DISCUSSION: The study describes a unique protocol of intermittent fasting mimicking the Muslim Sunnah of fasting among people with elevated blood pressure. The findings will contribute to decrease blood pressure among those with elevated blood pressure. If proven to be effective, the intermittent fasting method would be useful for developing an effective programme to prevent elevated blood pressure among adults. The protocol will contribute to efforts to find whether or not intermittent fasting can improve elevated blood pressure as well as body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and nutrition status among adults.

    CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04953650).

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  3. Liquid biopsy in breast carcinoma: Are we there yet?
    Wijesinghe HD, Lokuhetty MDS
    Malays J Pathol, 2023 Aug;45(2):175-186.
    PMID: 37658527
    Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Liquid biopsy is a method of obtaining tumour-derived material from blood and body fluid. This includes the assessment of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour deoxyribose nucleic acid (ctDNA), tumour educated platelets (TEPs) and exosomes. Detection of CTCs and ctDNA in liquid biopsy has been shown to have prognostic and predictive value in both early and metastatic breast carcinoma. The study of CTCs could also advance our understanding of aspects of tumour biology, including epithelial mesenchymal transition. ctDNA can be used to assess and monitor the molecular profile of breast carcinoma. It may help detect new genetic alterations in tumours and predict disease progression before the onset of clinical features or radiological evidence. TEPs and exosomes are also emerging as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers of breast carcinoma. Thus, liquid biopsy provides a non-invasive, repeatable method for the dynamic assessment of the tumour. Many methods have been used for the detection of CTCs and ctDNA. Most of these are still in the research stage and only the CellSearch method for the detection of CTCs and Therascreen PIK3CA RGQ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha) mutations in liquid biopsy have approval of the United States, Food and Drug Administration. However, their high costs, lack of standardized procedures, and a long and complicated detection process have limited their use. Despite its limitations, liquid biopsy is a useful tool in clinical decision making and has the potential to play an increasingly important role in the management of breast carcinoma in the future as we move toward more personalized cancer care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Platelets
  4. A potent anticoagulant hybrid of snake venom derived FIX-binding protein and anti-factor IX RNA aptamer: Assessed by in-silico and electrochemical analyses
    Krishnan H, Gopinath SCB
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 30;247:125740.
    PMID: 37423441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125740
    Anticoagulant therapies are crucial in the management of surgical complications as well as the prophylaxis of thrombosis. Many studies are being conducted on the Habu snake-venom anticoagulant, FIX-binding protein (FIX-Bp), for its greater potency and strong affinity to FIX clotting factor. On the other hand, the capacity to promptly reverse such acute anticoagulation is equally important. Combining a reversible anticoagulant with FIX-Bp may be advantageous in maintaining the balance between adequate anticoagulation and repealing when necessary. In this study, authors integrated FIX-Bp and RNA aptamer-based anticoagulants into a single target, FIX clotting factor, in order to achieve a robust anticoagulant effect. An in-silico and electrochemical approach were used to investigate the combination of FIX-Bp and RNA aptamers as a bivalent anticoagulant and to verify the competing or predominant binding sites of each anticoagulant. The in-silico analysis discovered that both the venom- and aptamer-anticoagulant had a strong affinity for the FIX protein at the Gla-domain and EGF-1 domain by holding 9 conventional hydrogen bonds with the binding energy of -34.859 kcal/mol. The electrochemical technique verified that both anticoagulants had different binding sites. The impedance load upon RNA aptamer binding to FIX protein was 14 %, whereas the addition of FIX-Bp caused a significant impedance rise of 37 %. This indicates that the addition of aptamers prior to FIX-Bp is a promising strategy for the conception of a hybrid anticoagulant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Coagulation Factors
  5. Immune-stealth VP28-conjugated heparin nanoparticles for enhanced and reversible anticoagulation
    Hussein HR, Chang CY, Zheng Y, Yang CY, Li LH, Lee YT, et al.
    Nanotechnology, 2024 Feb 09;35(17).
    PMID: 38262054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad21a2
    Heparins are a family of sulfated linear negatively charged polysaccharides that have been widely used for their anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Additionally, it has been used for acute cerebral infarction relief as well as other pharmacological actions. However, heparin's self-aggregated macrocomplex may reduce blood circulation time and induce life-threatening thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicating the use of heparins. Nonetheless, the conjugation of heparin to immuno-stealth biomolecules may overcome these obstacles. An immunostealth recombinant viral capsid protein (VP28) was expressed and conjugated with heparin to form a novel nanoparticle (VP28-heparin). VP28-heparin was characterized and tested to determine its immunogenicity, anticoagulation properties, effects on total platelet count, and risk of inducing HIT in animal models. The synthesized VP28-heparin trimeric nanoparticle was non-immunogenic, possessed an average hydrodynamic size (8.81 ± 0.58 nm) optimal for the evasion renal filtration and reticuloendothelial system uptake (hence prolonging circulating half-life). Additionally, VP28-heparin did not induce mouse death or reduce blood platelet count when administered at a high dosein vivo(hence reducing HIT risks). The VP28-heparin nanoparticle also exhibited superior anticoagulation properties (2.2× higher prothrombin time) and comparable activated partial thromboplastin time, but longer anticoagulation period when compared to unfractionated heparin. The anticoagulative effects of the VP28-heparin can also be reversed using protamine sulfate. Thus, VP28-heparin may be an effective and safe heparin derivative for therapeutic use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Coagulation
  6. Sequential hollow-fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of rosiglitazone and metformin hydrochloride (anti-diabetic drugs) in biological fluids
    Ben-Hander GM, Makahleh A, Saad B, Saleh MI, Cheng KW
    Talanta, 2015 Jan;131:590-6.
    PMID: 25281145 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.037
    A new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the antidiabetic drugs rosiglitazone (ROS) and metformin hydrochloride (MH) with marked differences in their affinity towards organic solvents (log P of 2.4 and -1.43, respectively) was developed. Prior to the HPLC separation, the drugs were subjected to a sequential hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) procedure. Two sequential HF-LPME approaches were considered, the preferred one involves the use of two vials containing solution mixtures for the extraction of ROS (vial 1) and MH (vial 2), respectively, but using the same fiber and acceptor phase. Important parameters that affect the extraction efficiency such as extracting solvent, donor phase conditions, HCl concentration, agitation, extraction time, addition of salt, etc. were studied. Under the optimum conditions, good enrichment factors (EF, 471 and 86.6 for ROS and MH, respectively) were achieved. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1-500 (r(2)=0.998) and 5-2500 ng mL(-1) (r(2)=0.999) for ROS and MH, respectively. The relative standard deviation values (RSD%) for six replicates were below 8.4%. Detection and quantitation limits based on S/N ratio of 3 and 10 were 0.12, 1.0 and 0.36, 3.0 ng mL(-1) for ROS and MH, respectively. The proposed method is simple, sensitive and opens up new opportunities for the microextraction of analytes with contrasting properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypoglycemic Agents/blood; Metformin/blood*; Thiazolidinediones/blood*
  7. Fulltext Evaluation of commercially available diagnostic tests for the detection of dengue virus NS1 antigen and anti-dengue virus IgM antibody
    Hunsperger EA, Yoksan S, Buchy P, Nguyen VC, Sekaran SD, Enria DA, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 Oct;8(10):e3171.
    PMID: 25330157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003171
    Commercially available diagnostic test kits for detection of dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and anti-DENV IgM were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity and other performance characteristics by a diagnostic laboratory network developed by World Health Organization (WHO), the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI). Each network laboratory contributed characterized serum specimens for the panels used in the evaluation. Microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rapid diagnostic test (RDT formats) were represented by the kits. Each ELISA was evaluated by 2 laboratories and RDTs were evaluated by at least 3 laboratories. The reference tests for IgM anti-DENV were laboratory developed assays produced by the Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Science (AFRIMS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the NS1 reference test was reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results were analyzed to determine sensitivity, specificity, inter-laboratory and inter-reader agreement, lot-to-lot variation and ease-of-use. NS1 ELISA sensitivity was 60-75% and specificity 71-80%; NS1 RDT sensitivity was 38-71% and specificity 76-80%; the IgM anti-DENV RDTs sensitivity was 30-96%, with a specificity of 86-92%, and IgM anti-DENV ELISA sensitivity was 96-98% and specificity 78-91%. NS1 tests were generally more sensitive in specimens from the acute phase of dengue and in primary DENV infection, whereas IgM anti-DENV tests were less sensitive in secondary DENV infections. The reproducibility of the NS1 RDTs ranged from 92-99% and the IgM anti-DENV RDTs from 88-94%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*; Antigens, Viral/blood*; Immunoglobulin M/blood*
  8. Increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression levels in visceral adipose tissue, and serum CCL2 and interleukin-6 levels during visceral adipose tissue accumulation
    Yogarajah T, Bee YT, Noordin R, Yin KB
    Mol Med Rep, 2015 Jan;11(1):515-20.
    PMID: 25324014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2686
    This study was conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in visceral adipose tissue, as well as serum adipokine levels, in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were fed either a normal (control rats) or excessive (experimental rats) intake of food for 8 or 16 weeks, then sacrificed, at which time visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, as well as blood samples, were collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARs in the visceral adipose tissues were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, the levels of adipokines in the serum samples were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The results revealed that at 8 weeks, the mass of subcutaneous adipose tissue was higher than that of the visceral adipose tissue in the experimental rats, but the reverse occurred at 16 weeks. Furthermore, at 16 weeks the experimental rats exhibited an upregulation of PPARγ mRNA and protein expression levels in the visceral adipose tissues, and significant increases in the serum levels of CCL2 and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed, compared with those measured at 8 weeks. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the PPARγ expression level was likely correlated with serum levels of CCL2 and IL-6, molecules that may facilitate visceral adipose tissue accumulation. In addition, the levels of the two adipokines in the serum may be useful as surrogate biomarkers for the expression levels of PPARγ in accumulated visceral adipose tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Interleukin-6/blood*; Chemokine CCL2/blood*; Adipokines/blood
  9. Fulltext In-house ELISA screening using a locally-isolated Leptospira in Malaysia: determination of its cut-off points
    Tan XT, Amran F, Chee Cheong K, Ahmad N
    BMC Infect Dis, 2014;14:563.
    PMID: 25338815 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0563-7
    Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species and is distributed globally. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the serological 'gold standard' for diagnosis of leptospirosis but it is time-consuming and labour-intensive. An alternative serological method that is rapid, sensitive and specific is important for early treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. The use of local Leptospira isolation may improve the sensitivity and specificity of the test because it may varies from one geographical region to another region. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and cut-off points for an in-house Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a locally isolated Leptospiral strain IMR/175 as the antigen for the detection of anti-Leptospiral IgM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/blood; Immunoglobulin M/blood; Leptospirosis/blood
  10. Fulltext Improved Measurement of Blood Pressure by Extraction of Characteristic Features from the Cuff Oscillometric Waveform
    Lim PK, Ng SC, Jassim WA, Redmond SJ, Zilany M, Avolio A, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2015 Jun 16;15(6):14142-61.
    PMID: 26087370 DOI: 10.3390/s150614142
    We present a novel approach to improve the estimation of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from oscillometric waveform data using variable characteristic ratios between SBP and DBP with mean arterial pressure (MAP). This was verified in 25 healthy subjects, aged 28 ± 5 years. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were used to examine the relationship between the SBP and the DBP ratio with ten features extracted from the oscillometric waveform envelope (OWE). An automatic algorithm based on relative changes in the cuff pressure and neighbouring oscillometric pulses was proposed to remove outlier points caused by movement artifacts. Substantial reduction in the mean and standard deviation of the blood pressure estimation errors were obtained upon artifact removal. Using the sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) approach, we were able to achieve a significant reduction in the mean and standard deviation of differences between the estimated SBP values and the reference scoring (MLR: mean ± SD = -0.3 ± 5.8 mmHg; SVR and -0.6 ± 5.4 mmHg) with only two features, i.e., Ratio2 and Area3, as compared to the conventional maximum amplitude algorithm (MAA) method (mean ± SD = -1.6 ± 8.6 mmHg). Comparing the performance of both MLR and SVR models, our results showed that the MLR model was able to achieve comparable performance to that of the SVR model despite its simplicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/physiology*; Blood Pressure Determination/methods*
  11. Is First-Order Vector Autoregressive Model Optimal for fMRI Data?
    Ting CM, Seghouane AK, Khalid MU, Salleh ShH
    Neural Comput, 2015 Sep;27(9):1857-71.
    PMID: 26161816 DOI: 10.1162/NECO_a_00765
    We consider the problem of selecting the optimal orders of vector autoregressive (VAR) models for fMRI data. Many previous studies used model order of one and ignored that it may vary considerably across data sets depending on different data dimensions, subjects, tasks, and experimental designs. In addition, the classical information criteria (IC) used (e.g., the Akaike IC (AIC)) are biased and inappropriate for the high-dimensional fMRI data typically with a small sample size. We examine the mixed results on the optimal VAR orders for fMRI, especially the validity of the order-one hypothesis, by a comprehensive evaluation using different model selection criteria over three typical data types--a resting state, an event-related design, and a block design data set--with varying time series dimensions obtained from distinct functional brain networks. We use a more balanced criterion, Kullback's IC (KIC) based on Kullback's symmetric divergence combining two directed divergences. We also consider the bias-corrected versions (AICc and KICc) to improve VAR model selection in small samples. Simulation results show better small-sample selection performance of the proposed criteria over the classical ones. Both bias-corrected ICs provide more accurate and consistent model order choices than their biased counterparts, which suffer from overfitting, with KICc performing the best. Results on real data show that orders greater than one were selected by all criteria across all data sets for the small to moderate dimensions, particularly from small, specific networks such as the resting-state default mode network and the task-related motor networks, whereas low orders close to one but not necessarily one were chosen for the large dimensions of full-brain networks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain/blood supply*; Oxygen/blood
  12. Maternal exposure to alkali, alkali earth, transition and other metals: Concentrations and predictors of exposure
    Hinwood AL, Stasinska A, Callan AC, Heyworth J, Ramalingam M, Boyce M, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2015 Sep;204:256-63.
    PMID: 25984984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.024
    Most studies of metals exposure focus on the heavy metals. There are many other metals (the transition, alkali and alkaline earth metals in particular) in common use in electronics, defense industries, emitted via combustion and which are naturally present in the environment, that have received limited attention in terms of human exposure. We analysed samples of whole blood (172), urine (173) and drinking water (172) for antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cesium, gallium, rubidium, silver, strontium, thallium, thorium and vanadium using ICPMS. In general most metals concentrations were low and below the analytical limit of detection with some high concentrations observed. Few factors examined in regression models were shown to influence biological metals concentrations and explained little of the variation. Further study is required to establish the source of metals exposures at the high end of the ranges of concentrations measured and the potential for any adverse health impacts in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Pollutants/blood*; Metals/blood*; Pregnancy/blood
  13. Nanoneurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery
    Md S, Mustafa G, Baboota S, Ali J
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2015;41(12):1922-34.
    PMID: 26057769 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1052081
    Brain disorders remain the world's leading cause of disability, and account for more hospitalizations and prolonged care than almost all other diseases combined. The majority of drugs, proteins and peptides do not readily permeate into brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus impeding treatment of these conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood-Brain Barrier
  14. Molecular blood group typing in Banjar, Jawa, Mandailing and Kelantan Malays in Peninsular Malaysia
    Abd Gani R, Manaf SM, Zafarina Z, Panneerchelvam S, Chambers GK, Norazmi MN, et al.
    Transfus Apher Sci, 2015 Aug;53(1):69-73.
    PMID: 25819336 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.03.009
    In this study we genotyped ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Kidd and Duffy blood group loci in DNA samples from 120 unrelated individuals representing four Malay subethnic groups living in Peninsular Malaysia (Banjar: n = 30, Jawa: n = 30, Mandailing: n = 30 and Kelantan: n = 30). Analyses were performed using commercial polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) typing kits (BAG Health Care GmbH, Lich, Germany). Overall, the present study has successfully compiled blood group datasets for the four Malay subethnic groups and used the datasets for studying ancestry and health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Grouping and Crossmatching*; Blood Group Antigens/genetics*
  15. Diagnostics on acute myocardial infarction: Cardiac troponin biomarkers
    Fathil MF, Md Arshad MK, Gopinath SC, Hashim U, Adzhri R, Ayub RM, et al.
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2015 Aug 15;70:209-20.
    PMID: 25841117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.037
    Acute myocardial infarction or myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health problem, due to diminished flow of blood to the heart, leads to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) accounted 30% of global death annually and expected more than 23 million die annually by 2030. This fatal effects trigger the need of appropriate biomarkers for early diagnosis, thus countermeasure can be taken. At the moment, the most specific markers for cardiac injury are cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) which have been considered as 'gold standard'. Due to higher specificity, determination of the level of cardiac troponins became a predominant indicator for MI. Several ways of diagnostics have been formulated, which include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescent, fluoro-immunoassays, electrical detections, surface plasmon resonance, and colorimetric protein assay. This review represents and elucidates the strategies, methods and detection levels involved in these diagnostics on cardiac superior biomarkers. The advancement, sensitivity, and limitations of each method are also discussed. In addition, it concludes with a discussion on the point-of care (POC) assay for a fast, accurate and ability of handling small sample measurement of cardiac biomarker.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardial Infarction/blood*; Troponin I/blood*; Troponin T/blood*
  16. Experimental feasibility study of estimation of the normalized central blood pressure waveform from radial photoplethysmogram
    Zahedi E, Sohani V, Ali MA, Chellappan K, Beng GK
    J Healthc Eng, 2015;6(1):121-44.
    PMID: 25708380 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.6.1.121
    The feasibility of a novel system to reliably estimate the normalized central blood pressure (CBPN) from the radial photoplethysmogram (PPG) is investigated. Right-wrist radial blood pressure and left-wrist PPG were simultaneously recorded in five different days. An industry-standard applanation tonometer was employed for recording radial blood pressure. The CBP waveform was amplitude-normalized to determine CBPN. A total of fifteen second-order autoregressive models with exogenous input were investigated using system identification techniques. Among these 15 models, the model producing the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) of the fitness during the five days was selected as the reference model. Results show that the proposed model is able to faithfully reproduce CBPN (mean fitness = 85.2% ± 2.5%) from the radial PPG for all 15 segments during the five recording days. The low CV value of 3.35% suggests a stable model valid for different recording days.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/physiology; Blood Pressure Determination/methods*
  17. Utility of labile plasma iron and transferrin saturation in addition to serum ferritin as iron overload markers in different underlying anemias before and after deferasirox treatment
    Porter JB, El-Alfy M, Viprakasit V, Giraudier S, Chan LL, Lai Y, et al.
    Eur J Haematol, 2016 Jan;96(1):19-26.
    PMID: 25691036 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12540
    Plasma markers in addition to serum ferritin (SF) may be useful for the assessment of iron overload; however, predictive utility may differ depending on underlying, transfusion-dependent, anemias.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ferritins/blood*; Iron/blood*; Biomarkers/blood
  18. Fulltext Simple and effective HPLC method development and its validation for Clindipine in human drug free plasma
    Muralidharan S, Kumar Jr, Dhanaraj SA
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2015 Jan;28(1):135-8.
    PMID: 25553676
    Simple and effective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for estimation of Clindipine in drug free human drug free blank plasma. The internal standard used as Nifidipine (IS). The current method was used protein precipitating extraction of Clindipine from blank plasma. Separation was achieved on reversed-phase c18 column (25cm × 4.6mm, 5μ) and the detection was monitored by UV detector at 260 nm. The optimized mobile phase was used acetonitrile: 5mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH 4.5), in the ratio of 60:40% v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. This linearity was achieved in this method range of 10.0-125.0 ng/ml with regression coefficient range is 0.99. The present method is suitable in terms of precise, accurate and specific during the study. The simplicity of the method allows for application in laboratories that lack sophisticated analytical instruments such as LC-MS/MS or GC-MS/MS that are complicated, costly and time consuming rather than a simple HPLC-UV method. The present method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antihypertensive Agents/blood*; Calcium Channel Blockers/blood*; Dihydropyridines/blood*
  19. Fulltext Antiphospholipid antibodies among women experiencing fetal loss
    Ching YM, Arip M, Jegasothy R, Baskaran TP, Yusof AY, Bakhtiar F, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Dec;35(2):147-51.
    PMID: 24362478 MyJurnal
    The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) is closely associated with thrombotic events and pregnancy complications such as recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia and placental insufficiency. We investigated the presence of aPLs and its frequency among female patients with a history of fetal loss in a Malaysia population. Serum samples were collected from 108 patients who had (1) one or more unexplained deaths of morphologically normal fetuses at or beyond the 22nd week of gestation, or (2) one or more premature births of morphologically normal neonates at or before the 24th week of gestation due to eclampsia or preeclampsia, or recognized features of placental insufficiency, or (3) three or more unexplained, consecutive, spontaneous miscarriages before the 20th week of gestation. Serum was tested for aPLs subtypes: anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta-2- glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I dependent cardiolipin (aβ2GPI dependent CL), anti-phosphatidylcholine (aPC), anti-phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), anti-phosphatidylinositol (aPI), anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) and anti-sphingomyeline (aSph) by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The mean age of patients was 30±5. Four patients (3.7%) were found positive for at least one aPLs subtype. Four aPLs subtypes were detected. The most common subtypes was aβ2GPI dependent CL (3.7%), followed by aCL (2.7%), aβ2GPI (0.9%), and aPE(0.9%). In conclusion, frequency of aPLs among women with fetal loss (3.7%) in Malaysia was low with subtype aβ2GPI dependent CL being the most prevalent aPLs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abortion, Spontaneous/blood*; Pregnancy Complications/blood*; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood*
  20. The effect of high level natural ionizing radiation on expression of PSA, CA19-9 and CEA tumor markers in blood serum of inhabitants of Ramsar, Iran
    Heidari MH, Porghasem M, Mirzaei N, Mohseni JH, Heidari M, Azargashb E, et al.
    J Environ Radioact, 2014 Feb;128:64-7.
    PMID: 24292395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.11.001
    Since several high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) exist on our planet, considerable attention has been drawn to health issues that may develop as the result of visiting or living in such places. City of Ramsar in Iran is an HNLRA, and is a tourist attraction mainly due to its hot spas. However, the growing awareness over its natural radiation sources has prompted widespread scientific investigation at national level. In this study, using an ELISA method, the level of expression of three tumor markers known as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and carcino antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in blood serum of 40 local men of Ramsar (subject group) was investigated and compared to 40 men from the city of Noshahr (control group). Noshahr was previously identified as a normal level natural radiation area (NLNRA) that is some 85 km far from Ramsar. According to statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in the levels of PSA and CA19-9 markers between the two groups (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood*; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/blood*; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood*
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