Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 104 in total

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  1. Fulltext Phyllanthus Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell, PC-3, Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Multiple Signalling Pathways (MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, NFκB, and Hypoxia)
    Tang YQ, Jaganath I, Manikam R, Sekaran SD
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:609581.
    PMID: 23690850 DOI: 10.1155/2013/609581
    Phyllanthus is a traditional medicinal plant that has been found to have antihepatitis, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The present studies were to investigate the in vitro molecular mechanisms of anticancer effects of Phyllanthus (P. amarus, P. niruri, P. urinaria, and P. watsonii) plant extracts in human prostate adenocarcinoma. The cancer ten-pathway reporter array was performed and revealed that the expression of six pathway reporters were significantly decreased (Wnt, NFκB, Myc/Max, hypoxia, MAPK/ERK, and MAPK/JNK) in PC-3 cells after treatment with Phyllanthus extracts. Western blot was conducted and identified several signalling molecules that were affected in the signalling pathways including pan-Ras, c-Raf, RSK, Elk1, c-Jun, JNK1/2, p38 MAPK, c-myc, DSH, β-catenin, Akt, HIF-1α, GSK3β, NFκB p50 and p52, Bcl-2, Bax, and VEGF, in treated PC-3 cells. A proteomics-based approach, 2D gel electrophoresis, was performed, and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) results revealed that there were 72 differentially expressed proteins identified in treated PC-3 cells and were involved in tumour cell adhesion, apoptosis, glycogenesis and glycolysis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Overall, these findings suggest that Phyllanthus can interfere with multiple signalling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of cancer.
  2. Phyllanthus spp. Exerts Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Metastatic Effects Through Inhibition on Matrix Metalloproteinase Enzymes
    Tang YQ, Jaganath IB, Manikam R, Sekaran SD
    Nutr Cancer, 2015;67(5):783-95.
    PMID: 25996262 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1040518
    Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis are the major causes for high morbidity and mortality rates in cancer patient. Modulation on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis provides opportunities to halt progression of cancer. From our previous findings, Phyllanthus plant possesses antiproliferative effects on melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis. The main aims of the present work were further investigated on the antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects on cancer cells (MeWo and PC-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of 4 Phyllanthus species (P.amarus, P.niruri, P.urinaria and P.watsonii). Phyllanthus extracts significantly inhibited cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration activities of cancer (MeWo and PC-3) cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) by cell-matrix adhesion, Transwell migration, invasion, and transendothelial migration assays. Phyllanthus extracts were exhibited low cytotoxicity on HUVECs up to a concentration of 500.0 μg/ml by MTS reduction assay. Phyllanthus extracts also exhibited antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of migration, invasion, and microcapillary like-tube structure formation in HUVECs. These observations were due to alteration in activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -7, -9, and -26 in treated-endothelial and cancer cells by zymographies. These findings suggest that Phyllanthus plant has the potential to inhibit tumour metastasis and angiogenesis through the suppression of MMP enzymes.
  3. Fulltext Phyllanthus spp. induces selective growth inhibition of PC-3 and MeWo human cancer cells through modulation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis
    Tang YQ, Jaganath IB, Sekaran SD
    PLoS One, 2010;5(9):e12644.
    PMID: 20838625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012644
    Phyllanthus is a traditional medicinal plant that has been used in the treatment of many diseases including hepatitis and diabetes. The main aim of the present work was to investigate the potential cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of four Phyllanthus species (P.amarus, P.niruri, P.urinaria and P.watsonii) against skin melanoma and prostate cancer cells.
  4. Fulltext Positive outcomes of oil palm phenolics on degenerative diseases in animal models
    Sambanthamurthi R, Tan Y, Sundram K, Hayes KC, Abeywardena M, Leow SS, et al.
    Br J Nutr, 2011 Dec;106(11):1664-75.
    PMID: 21736778 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511002133
    It is well established that plant phenolics elicit various biological activities, with positive effects on health. Palm oil production results in large volumes of aqueous by-products containing phenolics. In the present study, we describe the effects of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on several degenerative conditions using various animal models. OPP reduced blood pressure in a NO-deficient rat model, protected against ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmia in rats and reduced plaque formation in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. In Nile rats, a spontaneous model of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, OPP protected against multiple aspects of the syndrome and diabetes progression. In tumour-inoculated mice, OPP protected against cancer progression. Microarray studies on the tumours showed differential transcriptome profiles that suggest anti-tumour molecular mechanisms involved in OPP action. Thus, initial studies suggest that OPP may have potential against several chronic disease outcomes in mammals.
  5. Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents
    Pourshahrestani S, Zeimaran E, Kadri NA, Gargiulo N, Jindal HM, Naveen SV, et al.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017 Sep 20;9(37):31381-31392.
    PMID: 28836753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07769
    Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. Here, a series of 1% Ga2O3-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations.
  6. Fulltext RNA interference mediated inhibition of dengue virus multiplication and entry in HepG2 cells
    Alhoot MA, Wang SM, Sekaran SD
    PLoS One, 2012;7(3):e34060.
    PMID: 22457813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034060
    Dengue virus-host cell interaction initiates when the virus binds to the attachment receptors followed by endocytic internalization of the virus particle. Successful entry into the cell is necessary for infection initiation. Currently, there is no protective vaccine or antiviral treatment for dengue infection. Targeting the viral entry pathway has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to block infection. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silencing the GRP78 and clathrin-mediated endocytosis on dengue virus entry and multiplication into HepG2 cells.
  7. Fulltext Rapid detection and serotyping of dengue virus by multiplex RT-PCR and real-time SYBR green RT-PCR
    Yong YK, Thayan R, Chong HT, Tan CT, Sekaran SD
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Jul;48(7):662-8.
    PMID: 17609830
    Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever currently rank highly among the newly-emerging infectious diseases, and are considered to be the most important arboviral disease worldwide. The definitive diagnosis is culture analysis, but practical considerations limit its use. Also, the period for viral detection is limited. Within a day or two after fever subsides, rising levels of antibodies interfere with viral cultures. An alternative to this quandary is the use of viral RNA detection assays. In our laboratory, a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed using a set of degenerate primers.
  8. Rapid detection of non-enterobacteriaceae directly from positive blood culture using fluorescent in situ hybridization
    Wong EH, Subramaniam G, Navaratnam P, Sekaran SD
    Indian J Med Microbiol, 2007 Oct;25(4):391-4.
    PMID: 18087092
    Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out using two different oligonucleotide probes specific for Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. These probes were tested against different organisms and were found to be highly specific. Sensitivity testing showed that the probes were able to detect as low as 10 3 CFU/mL. In addition, FISH was carried out directly on positive blood culture samples and the detection of microorganisms took less than 2 h. We believe that FISH is a rapid method that can be used as a routine laboratory diagnostic technique for the detection of Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in clinical samples.
  9. Fulltext Rapid immunoglobulin M-based dengue diagnostic test using surface plasmon resonance biosensor
    Jahanshahi P, Zalnezhad E, Sekaran SD, Adikan FR
    Sci Rep, 2014 Jan 24;4:3851.
    PMID: 24458089 DOI: 10.1038/srep03851
    Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a medical diagnosis technique with high sensitivity and specificity. In this research, a new method based on SPR is proposed for rapid, 10-minute detection of the anti-dengue virus in human serum samples. This novel technique, known as rapid immunoglobulin M (IgM)-based dengue diagnostic test, can be utilized quickly and easily at the point of care. Four dengue virus serotypes were used as ligands on a biochip. According to the results, a serum volume of only 1 μl from a dengue patient (as a minimized volume) is required to indicate SPR angle variation to determine the ratio of each dengue serotype in samples with 83-93% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
  10. Serological diagnosis of dengue infection in blood plasma using long-range surface plasmon waveguides
    Wong WR, Krupin O, Sekaran SD, Mahamd Adikan FR, Berini P
    Anal Chem, 2014 Feb 4;86(3):1735-43.
    PMID: 24410440 DOI: 10.1021/ac403539k
    We present a compact, cost-effective, label-free, real-time biosensor based on long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) gold (Au) waveguides for the detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, and we demonstrate detection in actual patient blood plasma samples. Two surface functionalization approaches are proposed and demonstrated: a dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) functionalized surface to capture dengue-specific IgM antibody in blood plasma and the reverse, a blood plasma functionalized surface to capture DENV-2. The results obtained via these two surface functionalization approaches are comparable to, or of greater quality, than those collected by conventional IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Our second functionalization approach was found to minimize nonspecific binding, thus improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the test. We also demonstrate reuse of the biosensors by regenerating the sensing surface down to the virus (or antibody) level or down to the bare Au.
  11. Fulltext Simian malaria in wild macaques: first report from Hulu Selangor district, Selangor, Malaysia
    Akter R, Vythilingam I, Khaw LT, Qvist R, Lim YA, Sitam FT, et al.
    Malar J, 2015 Oct 05;14:386.
    PMID: 26437652 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0856-3
    BACKGROUND: Malaria is a vector-borne parasitic disease which is prevalent in many developing countries. Recently, it has been found that Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite can be life-threatening to humans. Long-tailed macaques, which are widely distributed in Malaysia, are the natural hosts for simian malaria, including P. knowlesi. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of simian malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques in the district of Hulu Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 70 blood samples were collected from Macaca fascicularis dwelling in the forest of Hulu Selangor by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. DNA was extracted using PureLink™ Genomic DNA Kits. Conventional and nested PCR were used to detect the genus and species of Plasmodium parasites respectively. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was carried out to confirm the species of Plasmodium parasites.

    RESULTS: Thirty-five (50 %) of the 70 samples were positive for Plasmodium using genus-specific primers. These positive samples were then subjected to nested PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA genes to detect all five simian malaria parasites: namely, P. knowlesi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium fieldi, and Plasmodium coatneyi. All five species of simian malaria parasites were detected. Of these, P. inui was the predominant (65.7 %), followed by P. knowlesi (60 %), P. cynomolgi (51.4 %) P. coatneyi (45.7 %) and P. fieldi (2.9 %). A total of nine macaques had mono-infection with P. knowlesi (four), P. cynomolgi (two), P. coatneyi (two) and P. fieldi (one). Eleven of the macaques had dual infections while 12 had triple infections. Three macaques were infected with four species of Plasmodium. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the five species of Plasmodium parasites.

    CONCLUSION: This study has provided evidence to elucidate the presence of transmission of malaria parasites among the local macaques in Hulu Selangor. Since malaria is a zoonosis, it is important to determine the new control strategies for the control of malaria.

  12. Simultaneous species identification and detection of methicillin resistance in staphylococci using triplex real-time PCR assay
    Sabet NS, Subramaniam G, Navaratnam P, Sekaran SD
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2006 Sep;56(1):13-8.
    PMID: 16650954
    For rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, molecular methods are generally targeting mecA and species-specific genes. Sa442 DNA fragment is a popular species-specific target. However, recently, there have been few reports on S. aureus isolates that are negative for Sa442 fragment; therefore, use of single gene or DNA-fragment-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of microbial isolate may result in misidentification. This study includes CoA gene in parallel with Sa442 marker for identification of S. aureus. This further improves the specificity of the assay by checking for 2 determinants simultaneously for the identification of S. aureus and can prevent misidentification of S. aureus isolates lacking Sa442 DNA fragment. In this study, the newly developed triplex real-time PCR assay was compared with a quadruplex conventional gel-based PCR assay using the same primer sets in both assays. The dual-labeled TaqMan probes (ProOligo, France) for these primers were specifically designed and used in a real-time PCR assay. The clinical isolates (n = 152) were subjected to both PCR assays. The results obtained from both assays proved that the primer and probe sets were 100% sensitive and 100% specific for identification of S. aureus and detection of methicillin resistance. This triplex real-time PCR assay represents a rapid and powerful method for S. aureus identification and detection of methicillin resistance.
  13. Fulltext Strophanthus hispidus attenuates the Ischemia-Reperfusion induced myocardial Infarction and reduces mean arterial pressure in renal artery occlusion
    Gundamaraju R, Vemuri RC, Singla RK, Manikam R, Rao AR, Sekaran SD
    Pharmacogn Mag, 2014 Aug;10(Suppl 3):S557-62.
    PMID: 25298674 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139782
    The myocardium is generally injured in the case of reperfusion injury and arterial damage is caused by hypertension. In reference to these statements, the present study was focused. Cardiac glycosides were said to have protective effects against myocardial infarction and hypertension. Strophanthus hispidus was thus incorporated in the study.
  14. Fulltext Suppression of ERK1/2 and hypoxia pathways by four Phyllanthus species inhibits metastasis of human breast cancer cells
    Lee SH, Jaganath IB, Atiya N, Manikam R, Sekaran SD
    J Food Drug Anal, 2016 10;24(4):855-865.
    PMID: 28911625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.010
    Chemotherapies remain far from ideal due to drug resistance; therefore, novel chemotherapeutic agents with higher effectiveness are crucial. The extracts of four Phyllanthus species, namely Phyllanthus niruri, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus watsonii, and Phyllanthus amarus, were shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7). The main objective of this study was to determine the pathways utilized by these four Phyllanthus species to exert anti-metastatic activities. A cancer 10-pathway reporter was used to investigate the pathways affected by the four Phyllanthus species. Results indicated that these Phyllanthus species suppressed breast carcinoma metastasis and proliferation by suppressing matrix metalloprotein 2 and 9 expression via inhibition of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. Additionally, inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α in the hypoxia pathway caused reduced vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, resulting in anti-angiogenic effects and eventually anti-metastasis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis identified numerous proteins suppressed by these Phyllanthus species, including invasion proteins, anti-apoptotic protein, protein-synthesis proteins, angiogenic and mobility proteins, and various glycolytic enzymes. Our results indicated that ERK and hypoxia pathways are the most likely targets of the four Phyllanthus species for the inhibition of MCF-7 metastasis.
  15. Surveillance of adult Aedes mosquitoes in Selangor, Malaysia
    Lau SM, Vythilingam I, Doss JI, Sekaran SD, Chua TH, Wan Sulaiman WY, et al.
    Trop Med Int Health, 2015 Oct;20(10):1271-80.
    PMID: 26094839 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12555
    To determine the effectiveness of using sticky traps and the NS1 dengue antigen kit for the surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes for dengue control.
  16. Fulltext Susceptible and protective HLA class 1 alleles against dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever patients in a Malaysian population
    Appanna R, Ponnampalavanar S, Lum Chai See L, Sekaran SD
    PLoS One, 2010;5(9).
    PMID: 20927388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013029
    The human leukocyte antigen alleles have been implicated as probable genetic markers in predicting the susceptibility and/or protection to severe manifestations of dengue virus (DENV) infection. In this present study, we aimed to investigate for the first time, the genotype variants of HLA Class 1(-A and -B) of DENV infected patients against healthy individuals in Malaysia.
  17. The Cytokines CXCL10 and CCL2 and the Kynurenine Metabolite Anthranilic Acid Accurately Predict Patients at Risk of Developing Dengue With Warning Signs
    Jusof FF, Lim CK, Aziz FN, Soe HJ, Raju CS, Sekaran SD, et al.
    J Infect Dis, 2022 Nov 28;226(11):1964-1973.
    PMID: 35767283 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac273
    BACKGROUND: The resolution or aggravation of dengue infection depends on the patient's immune response during the critical phase. Cytokines released by immune cells increase with the worsening severity of dengue infections. Cytokines activate the kynurenine pathway (KP) and the extent of KP activation then influences disease severity.

    METHODS: KP metabolites and cytokines in plasma samples of patients with dengue infection (dengue without warning signs [DWS-], dengue with warning signs [DWS+], or severe dengue) were analyzed. Cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-ɣ], tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, CXCL10/interferon-inducile protein 10 [IP-10], interleukin 18 [IL-18], CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta [MIP-1β] were assessed by a Human Luminex Screening Assay, while KP metabolites (tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid [AA], picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid) were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry [GCMS] assays.

    RESULTS: Patients with DWS+ had increased activation of the KP where kynurenine-tryptophan ratio, anthranilic acid, and picolinic acid were elevated. These patients also had higher levels of the cytokines IFN-ɣ, CXCL10, CCL4, and IL-18 than those with DWS-. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 3 prognostic biomarker candidates, CXCL10, CCL2, and AA, which predicted patients with higher risks of developing DWS+ with an accuracy of 97%.

    CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest a unique biochemical signature in patients with DWS+. CXCL10 and CCL2 together with AA are potential prognostic biomarkers that discern patients with higher risk of developing DWS+ at earlier stages of infection.

  18. Fulltext The anti-proliferative effects of a palm oil-derived product and its mode of actions in human malignant melanoma MeWo cells
    Komarasamy TV, Sekaran SD
    J Oleo Sci, 2012;61(4):227-39.
    PMID: 22450124
    Melanoma incidence and mortality have risen dramatically in recent years. No effective treatment for metastatic melanoma exists; hence currently, an intense effort for new drug evaluation is being carried out. In this study, we investigated the effects of a palm oil-derived nanopolymer called Bio-12 against human malignant melanoma. The nanopolymers of Bio-12 are lipid esters derived from a range of fatty acids of palm oil. Our study aims to identify the anti-proliferative properties of Bio-12 against human malignant melanoma cell line (MeWo) and to elucidate the mode of actions whereby Bio-12 brings about cell death. Bio-12 significantly inhibited the growth of MeWo cells in a concentration- and time- dependent manner with a median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 1/25 dilution after 72 h but was ineffective on human normal skin fibroblasts (CCD-1059sk). We further investigated the mode of actions of Bio-12 on MeWo cells. Cell cycle flow cytometry demonstrated that MeWo cells treated with increasing concentrations of Bio-12 resulted in S-phase arrest, accompanied by the detection of sub-G1 content, indicative of apoptotic cell death. Induction of apoptosis was further confirmed via caspase (substrate) cleavage assay which showed induction of early apoptosis in MeWo cells. In addition, DNA strand breaks which are terminal event in apoptosis were evident through increase of TUNEL positive cells and formation of a characteristic DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, treatment of MeWo cells with Bio-12 induced significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. These results show that Bio-12 possesses the ability to suppress proliferation of human malignant melanoma MeWo cells and this suppression is at least partly attributed to the initiation of the S-phase arrest, apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that it is indeed worth for further investigations.
  19. The antioxidant effect of the Malaysian Gelam honey on pancreatic hamster cells cultured under hyperglycemic conditions
    Batumalaie K, Qvist R, Yusof KM, Ismail IS, Sekaran SD
    Clin Exp Med, 2014 May;14(2):185-95.
    PMID: 23584372 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0236-7
    Type 2 diabetes consists of progressive hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell failure which could result from glucose toxicity, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigate the effect of pretreatment with Gelam honey (Melaleuca spp.) and the individual flavonoid components chrysin, luteolin, and quercetin, on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability, lipid peroxidation, and insulin content in hamster pancreatic cells (HIT-T15 cells), cultured under normal and hyperglycemic conditions. Phenolic extracts from a local Malaysian species of Gelam honey (Melaleuca spp.) were prepared using the standard extraction methods. HIT-T15 cells were cultured in 5 % CO2 and then preincubated with Gelam honey extracts (20, 40, 60, and 80 μg/ml) as well as some of its flavonoid components chrysin, luteolin, and quercetin (20, 40, 60, and 80 μM), prior to stimulation by 20 and 50 mM of glucose. The antioxidative effects were measured in these cultured cells at different concentrations and time point by DCFH-DA assay. Pretreatment of cells with Gelam honey extract or the flavonoid components prior to culturing in 20 or 50 mM glucose showed a significant decrease in the production of ROS, glucose-induced lipid peroxidation, and a significant increase in insulin content and the viability of cells cultured under hyperglycemic condition. Our results show the in vitro antioxidative property of the Gelam honey and the flavonoids on the β-cells from hamsters and its cytoprotective effect against hyperglycemia.
  20. Fulltext The detection and characterization of pathogenic Leptospira and the use of OMPs as potential antigens and immunogens
    Gebriel AM, Subramaniam G, Sekaran SD
    Trop Biomed, 2006 Dec;23(2):194-207.
    PMID: 17322822 MyJurnal
    The detection of leptospires in patient blood in the first week of the disease using PCR provides an early diagnostic tool. PCR using two sets of primers (G1/G2 and B64-I/B64-II) tested with samples seeded with 23 leptospiral strains from pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains was able to amplify leptospiral DNA from pathogenic strains only. Of the 39 antibody negative samples collected from patients suspected for leptospirosis, only 1 sample (2.6%) was PCR positive. Using LSSP-PCR, the G2 primers allowed the characterization of Leptopira species to 10 different genetic signatures which may have epidemiological value in determining species involved in outbreaks. Leptospiral outer membrane proteins from three strains were purified and reacted against patients sera and gave rise to different profiles for pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Lymphocytes of mice injected with OMPs proliferated and released IFN(-3) when stimulated in vitro using Leptospira OMP as antigens. This suggests that an immune response could be established using leptospiral OMPs as a putative vaccine. OMPs were also used in a Dot-ELISA to detect antibodies against Leptospira pathogens in humans.
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