Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 448 in total

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  1. Determination of diffusion coefficients and activation energy of selected organic liquids using reversed-flow gas chromatographic technique
    Khalisanni Khalid, Rashid Atta Khan, Sharifuddin Mohd. Zain
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1109-1116.
    Evaporation of vaporize organic liquid has ecological consequences when the compounds are introduced into both freshwater and marine environments through industrial effluents, or introduced directly into the air from industrial unit processes such as bioreactors and cooling towers. In such cases, a rapid and simple method are needed to measure physicochemical properties of the organic liquids. The Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography (RF-GC) sampling technique is an easy, fast and accurate procedure. It was used to measure the diffusion coefficients of vapors from liquid into a carrier gas and at the same time to determine the rate coefficients for the evaporation of the respective liquid. The mathematical expression describing the elution curves of the samples peaks was derived and used to calculate the respective parameters for the selected liquid pollutants selected such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-hexadecane, evaporating into the carrier gas of nitrogen. The values of diffusion coefficients found were compared
    with those calculated theoretically or reported in the literature. The values of evaporation rate were used to determine the activation energy of respective samples using Arrhenius equation. An interesting finding of this work is by using an alternative mathematical analysis based on equilibrium at the liquid-gas interphase, the comparison leads to profound
    agreement between theoretical values of diffusion coefficients and experimental evidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  2. Fulltext Antiproliferative effect of methanolic extraction of tualang honey on human keloid fibroblasts
    Nurul Syazana MS, Halim AS, Gan SH, Shamsuddin S
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2011;11:82.
    PMID: 21943200 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-82
    Keloid is a type of scar which extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. It can spread to the surrounding skin by invasion. The use of Tualang honey is a possible approach for keloid treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extraction of Tualang honey to primary human keloid fibroblasts and to identify the volatile compounds in methanol extraction of Tualang honey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol/chemistry
  3. Ionic liquid as a promising biobased green solvent in combination with microwave irradiation for direct biodiesel production
    Wahidin S, Idris A, Shaleh SR
    Bioresour Technol, 2016 Apr;206:150-4.
    PMID: 26851899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.084
    The wet biomass microalgae of Nannochloropsis sp. was converted to biodiesel using direct transesterification (DT) by microwave technique and ionic liquid (IL) as the green solvent. Three different ionic liquids; 1-butyl-3-metyhlimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimmidazolium methyl sulphate [EMIM][MeSO4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate [BMIM][CF3SO3]) and organic solvents (hexane and methanol) were used as co-solvents under microwave irradiation and their performances in terms of percentage disruption, cell walls ruptured and biodiesel yields were compared at different reaction times (5, 10 and 15 min). [EMIM][MeSO4] showed highest percentage cell disruption (99.73%) and biodiesel yield (36.79% per dried biomass) after 15 min of simultaneous reaction. The results demonstrated that simultaneous extraction-transesterification using ILs and microwave irradiation is a potential alternative method for biodiesel production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol/chemistry
  4. Fulltext Phytochemical Evaluation, Embryotoxicity, and Teratogenic Effects of Curcuma longa Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
    Alafiatayo AA, Lai KS, Syahida A, Mahmood M, Shaharuddin NA
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2019;2019:3807207.
    PMID: 30949217 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3807207
    Curcuma longa L. is a rhizome plant often used as traditional medicinal preparations in Southeast Asia. The dried powder is commonly known as cure-all herbal medicine with a wider spectrum of pharmaceutical activities. In spite of the widely reported therapeutic applications of C. longa, research on its safety and teratogenic effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae is still limited. Hence, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of C. longa extract on zebrafish. Using a reflux flask, methanol extract of C. longa was extracted and the identification and quantification of total flavonoids were carried out with HPLC. Twelve fertilized embryos were selected to test the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at different concentration points. The embryos were exposed to the extract in the E3M medium while the control was only exposed to E3M and different developmental endpoints were recorded with the therapeutic index calculated using the ratio of LC50/EC50. C. longa extract was detected to be highly rich in flavonoids with catechin, epicatechin, and naringenin as the 3 most abundant with concentrations of 3,531.34, 688.70, and 523.83μg/mL, respectively. The toxicity effects were discovered to be dose-dependent at dosage above 62.50μg/mL, while, at 125.0μg/mL, mortality of embryos was observed and physical body deformities of larvae were recorded among the hatched embryos at higher concentrations. Teratogenic effect of the extract was severe at higher concentrations producing physical body deformities such as kink tail, bend trunk, and enlarged yolk sac edema. Finally, the therapeutic index (TI) values calculated were approximately the same for different concentration points tested. Overall, the result revealed that plants having therapeutic potential could also pose threats when consumed at higher doses especially on the embryos. Therefore, detailed toxicity analysis should be carried out on medicinal plants to ascertain their safety on the embryos and its development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  5. Inhibition of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP expression by Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract and its active constituent hesperidin
    Santhanam RK, Fakurazi S, Ahmad S, Abas F, Ismail IS, Rukayadi Y, et al.
    Phytother Res, 2018 Aug;32(8):1608-1616.
    PMID: 29672974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6092
    The antiphoto aging property of Zanthoxylum rhetsa obtained from Pangkor Island, Malaysia, was evaluated. Solvent fractions of different polarity obtained from the methanolic extract of the bark material were initially tested for anticollagenase and antielastase activities. The ethyl acetate fraction showed bioactivity against the protease enzymes. Hence, it was subjected to further purification via column chromatography, to yield a major constituent, hesperidin. Subsequently, the ethyl acetate fraction and hesperidin were tested for their effects against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), NF-κB, and MMPs (MMP1, 3, and 9) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Both fraction and pure compound prevented UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HDF cells, in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by UVB to a level similar to the control (without UV treatment). Additionally, the fraction significantly inhibited the expressions of NF-κB, MMP 1, MMP 3, and MMP 9 in HDF cells treated with UVB. Similar effects were observed with hesperidin. The results obtained suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction of Z. rhetsa and its bioactive constituent, hesperidin, have the potential to be used as active ingredients in sunscreen and antiphoto aging formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  6. Fulltext Novel Bi-heterocycles as Potent Inhibitors of Urease and Less Cytotoxic Agents: 3-({5-((2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}sulfanyl)-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)propanamides
    Abbasi MA, Ramzan MS, Ur-Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Ali Shah SA, et al.
    Iran J Pharm Res, 2020;19(1):487-506.
    PMID: 32922502 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.13084.11362
    The synthesis of a novel series of bi-heterocyclic propanamides, 7a-l, was accomplished by S-substitution of 5-[(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (3). The synthesis was initiated from ethyl 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetate (1) which was converted to corresponding hydrazide, 2, by hydrazine hydrate in methanol. The refluxing of hydrazide, 2, with carbon disulfide in basic medium, resulted in 5-[(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (3). A series of electrophiles, 6a-l, was synthesized by stirring un/substituted anilines (4a-l) with 3-bromopropanoyl chloride (5) in a basic aqueous medium. Finally, the targeted compounds, 7a-l, were acquired by stirring 3 with newly synthesized electrophiles, 6a-l, in DMF using LiH as a base and an activator. The structures of these bi-heterocyclic propanamides were confirmed through spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS. These molecules were tested for their urease inhibitory potential, whereby, the whole series exhibited very promising activity against this enzyme. Their cytotoxic behavior was ascertained through hemolysis and it was observed that all these were less cytotoxic agents. The in-silico molecular docking analysis of these molecules was also in full agreement with their in-vitro enzyme inhibition data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  7. Methyl alcohol poisoning: a report of 20 cases
    Seng NT
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Sep;33(1):13-6.
    PMID: 750888
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol/poisoning*
  8. Fulltext Reinventing nano drug delivery systems for hydrophilic active ingredients in Ayurvedic lipid based formulations containing poly herbal decoction
    Duraipandi S, Selvakumar V
    J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2019 01 08;11(3):224-227.
    PMID: 30635246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.008
    BACKGROUND: Anu Tailam, an Ayurvedic medicated oil where 'anu' meant for atom and 'tailam' meant for oil and virtually meant for 'oil of subtle or atomic size particles'. Since the major active ingredients in this formulation are incorporated from the polyherbal decoction, it is expected to contain predominantly water soluble ingredients.

    OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that these polar active botanical ingredients are present in the formulation should be either suspended in the form of submicron particles or entrapped in the submicron vesicular structures since the formulation did not show any precipitation or phase separation instead showed a monophasic oily liquid with very little moisture.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present investigation, the micro architecture of the anu tailam is studied via column chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography to prove the contents are polar hydrophilic compounds followed by optical microscopy, photon correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to study the particle/vesicle size of the formulation.

    RESULTS: In this study, it was proved that the formulation contained only polar ingredients and can be extracted in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. It was also found that the formulation taken for study contained nano particles of the active botanical ingredients embedded in a network of vesicular structures of the lipid base.

    CONCLUSION: The selected Ayurvedic formulation 'anutailam' found to contain novel nano drug delivery system to deliver water soluble ingredients across barriers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  9. Fulltext Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Pistacia chinensis Bunge leaves
    Rashed, K., Said, A., Abdo, A., Selim, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):316-321.
    MyJurnal
    This work was carried out for determining antimicrobial activity of Pistacia chinensis leaves
    methanol extract and identifying the chemical composition of the plant extract. Methanol extract
    was tested for antimicrobial activity using disc-diffusion assay and the extract was fractionated
    on silica gel column chromatography for the isolation of the bio-active constituents. The leaves
    extract of P. chinensis showed a significant antimicrobial effect, it strongly inhibited the growth
    of the test bacteria and yeast studied. Chromatograpic separation of the methanol extract of
    P. chinensis leaves has led to the isolation and characterization of β-sitosterol, luepol, and
    six flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin, quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside,
    myricetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside and myricetin 3-O-β-glucuronide using various chromatographic
    procedures and the interpretation of spectral data in comparison with already existing data
    reported in the literature. The results presented here may suggest that the leaves extract of P.
    chinensis possess antimicrobial properties, and therefore, can be used as natural preservative
    ingredients in food and/or pharmaceuticals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  10. Carbonaceous nanomaterials immobilised mixed matrix membrane microextraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage pond water samples
    Mukhtar NH, See HH
    Anal Chim Acta, 2016 08 10;931:57-63.
    PMID: 27282751 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.032
    In this study, the potential for carbonaceous nanomaterials to be used as adsorbents for the mixed matrix membrane (MMM) microextraction and preconcentration of organic pollutants was demonstrated. For this method, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and single layer graphene (SLG) nanoparticles were individually incorporated through dispersion in a cellulose triacetate (CTA) polymer matrix to form a MWCNT-MMM and SLG-MMM, respectively. The prepared membranes were evaluated for the extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in sewage pond water samples. The extraction was performed by dipping a small piece of membrane (7 mm × 7 mm) in a stirred 7.5 mL sample solution to initiate the analyte adsorption. This step was followed by an analyte desorption into 60 μL of methanol prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. When the optimum SLG-MMM microextraction technique was applied to spiked sewage pond water samples, the detection limit of the method for the PAHs were in the range of 0.02-0.09 ng/mL, with relative standard deviations of between 1.4% and 7.8%. Enrichment factors of 54-100 were achieved with relative recoveries of 99%-101%. A comparison was also made between the proposed approach and standard solid phase extraction using polymeric bonded octadecyl (C18) cartridges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  11. A simple microextraction and preconcentration approach based on a mixed matrix membrane
    Kamaruzaman S, Hauser PC, Sanagi MM, Ibrahim WA, Endud S, See HH
    Anal Chim Acta, 2013 Jun 14;783:24-30.
    PMID: 23726096 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.042
    A simple adsorption/desorption procedure using a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) as extraction medium is demonstrated as a new miniaturized sample pretreatment and preconcentration technique. Reversed-phase particles namely polymeric bonded octadecyl (C18) was incorporated through dispersion in a cellulose triacetate (CTA) polymer matrix to form a C18-MMM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) namely diclofenac, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen present in the environmental water samples were selected as targeted model analytes. The extraction setup is simple by dipping a small piece of C18-MMM (7 mm × 7 mm) in a stirred 10 mL sample solution for analyte adsorption process. The entrapped analyte within the membrane was then desorbed into 100 μL of methanol by ultrasonication prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Each membrane was discarded after single use to avoid any analyte carry-over effect. Several important parameters, such as effect of sample pH, salting-out effect, sample volume, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time were comprehensively optimized. The C18-MMM demonstrated high affinity for NSAIDs spiked in tap and river water with relative recoveries ranging from 92 to 100% and good reproducibility with relative standard deviations between 1.1 and 5.5% (n=9). The overall results obtained were found comparable against conventional solid phase extraction (SPE) using cartridge packed with identical C18 adsorbent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  12. Electrokinetic supercharging in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for online preconcentration and determination of tamoxifen and its metabolites in human plasma
    Thang LY, Breadmore MC, See HH
    J Chromatogr A, 2016 Jul 27.
    PMID: 27485148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.067
    An online preconcentration method, namely electrokinetic supercharging (EKS), was evaluated for the determination of tamoxifen and its metabolites in human plasma in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (NACE-UV). This method was comprehensively optimized in terms of the leading electrolyte (LE) and terminating electrolyte (TE) injection lengths, as well as electrokinetic sample injection time. The optimized EKS conditions employed were as follows: hydrodynamic injection (HI) of 10mM potassium chloride as LE at 150mbar for 36s (4% of total capillary volume). The sample was injected at 10kV for 300s, followed by HI of 10mM pimozide as TE at 150mbar for 36s (4% of total capillary volume). Separation was performed in 7.5mM deoxycholic acid sodium salt, 15mM acetic acid and 1mM 18-crown-6 in 100% methanol at +25kV with UV detection at 205nm. Under optimized conditions, the sensitivity was enhanced between 160- and 600-fold when compared with our previously developed method based on HI at 150mbar for 12s. The detection limit of the method for tamoxifen and its metabolites were 0.05-0.25ng/mL, with RSDs between 2.1% and 3.5%. Recoveries in spiked human plasma were 95.6%-99.7%. A comparison was also made between the proposed EKS approach and the standard field-amplified sample injection (FASI) technique. EKS proved to be 3-5 times more sensitive than the FASI. The new EKS method was applied to the analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites in plasma samples from breast cancer patients after liquid-liquid extraction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  13. Fulltext Antioxidant efficacy of soybean cake extracts in soy oil protection
    Zamindar N, Bashash M, Khorshidi F, Serjouie A, Shirvani MA, Abbasi H, et al.
    J Food Sci Technol, 2017 Jun;54(7):2077-2084.
    PMID: 28720965 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2646-0
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and possibility of extracting compounds with antioxidant properties of soybean cake to extend the storage stability of soybean oil. Results showed that the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed for sample to solvent ratio 1:25 while extracting by 70% ethanol for 3 h). The most phenolic compounds equivalents (Gallic acid) was observed for sample to solvent ratio 1:25 while extracting by 70% methanol for 14 h. In addition, the soybean cake extract at concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm in soybean oil could significantly lower the peroxide, diene and p-anisidine values of soy oil during storage at 65 °C.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  14. Fulltext Acute and subchronic toxicity study of Euphorbia hirta L. methanol extract in rats
    Yuet Ping K, Darah I, Chen Y, Sreeramanan S, Sasidharan S
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:182064.
    PMID: 24386634 DOI: 10.1155/2013/182064
    Despite Euphorbia hirta L. ethnomedicinal benefits, very few studies have described the potential toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo toxicity of methanolic extracts of E. hirta. The acute and subchronic oral toxicity of E. hirta was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. Therefore, the LD 50 of this plant was estimated to be more than 5,000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 1,000 mg/kg/day of E. hirta extract per body weight revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in food and water consumptions, body weight change, haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and gross findings compared to the control group. Macropathology and histopathology examinations of all organs including the liver did not reveal morphological alteration. Analyses of these results with the information of signs, behaviour, and health monitoring could lead to the conclusion that the long-term oral administration of E. hirta extract for 90 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol/chemistry*
  15. Evaluation of the effect of Cassia surattensis Burm. f., flower methanolic extract on the growth and morphology of Aspergillus niger
    Sumathy V, Zakaria Z, Chen Y, Latha LY, Jothy SL, Vijayarathna S, et al.
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2013 Jun;17(12):1648-54.
    PMID: 23832733
    Cassia (C.) surattensis Burm. f. (Leguminosae), a medicinal herb native to tropical equatorial Asia, was commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of methanolic flower extract of C. surattensis against Aspergillus (A.) niger.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of different parts of Lantana camara
    Mahdi-Pour B, Jothy SL, Latha LY, Chen Y, Sasidharan S
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Dec;2(12):960-5.
    PMID: 23593576 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60007-6
    To investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Lantana camara (L. camara) various parts and the determination of their total phenolics content.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  17. Fulltext Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines
    Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Oct;2(10):826-9.
    PMID: 23569855 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60237-8
    To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Elaeis guineensis methanol extract on MCF-7 and Vero cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  18. Fulltext Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of different parts of Leucas aspera
    Chew AL, Jessica JJ, Sasidharan S
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Mar;2(3):176-80.
    PMID: 23569893 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60037-9
    To evaluate antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of different parts (root, flower, leaf and stem) of Leucas aspera (L. aspera) (Labiatae).
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  19. Anti-Candida activity and brine shrimp toxicity assay of Ganoderma boninense
    Daruliza KM, Fernandez L, Jegathambigai R, Sasidharan S
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012 Jan;16(1):43-8.
    PMID: 22338547
    Ganoderma (G.) boninense is a white rot fungus, which can be found in the palm oil tree. Several studies have shown that G. boninense has antimicrobial and antagonistic properties. However, there is limited information reported on antifungal properties especially on Candida (C) albicans. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the anti-Candida activity of G. boninense against C albicans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
  20. Fulltext Acute toxicity impacts of Euphorbia hirta L extract on behavior, organs body weight index and histopathology of organs of the mice and Artemia salina
    Rajeh MA, Kwan YP, Zakaria Z, Latha LY, Jothy SL, Sasidharan S
    Pharmacognosy Res, 2012 Jul;4(3):170-7.
    PMID: 22923956 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.99085
    The methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae), which is used in traditional medicines, was tested for in vivo toxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Methanol
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