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Morphometrics and Mitochondrial DNA Genes Analysis Suggest a New Species of Penaeus (Crustacea: Penaeidae) from the Persian Gulf

Tamadoni Jahromi S, Othman AS, Rosazlina R

Biochem Genet, 2018 Aug 12.
PMID: 30099639 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9884-3

There are two morphotypes of Penaeus semisulcatus described hitherto in the Persian Gulf, namely the banded and non-banded antennae morphotypes. In this study, we used morphometric measurements and two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I-COI) to assess relationships between the two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus. Out of 25 morphological characters examined, 10 characters were found significantly different between the two morphotypes when tested against separate sexes or both sexes combined. Results from the 16S rRNA and COI sequence analysis of two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus morphotype showed up to 6% and 17% sequence divergence, respectively. The 16S rDNA and COI sequences of the non-banding morphotype were not only very different to those of the banding morphotype but was also very different to all other Penaeus species (i.e., P. monodon, P. merguiensis, and P. indicus) included in the study. Both parsimony and Neighbor-Joining trees based on 16S rDNA and COI sequences provide similar tree topology that clearly separated the two morphotypes into two distinct groups. Based on these findings, we propose the two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus to be relegated as two sympatric species.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
"Controlling ourselves, by ourselves": risk assemblages on Malaysia's assembly lines

Root R

Med Anthropol, 2008 Oct-Dec;27(4):405-34.
PMID: 18958787 DOI: 10.1080/01459740802427737

Since the early 1990s, the Malaysian government has identified factories as high risk for HIV and AIDS. Signaling epidemiological concerns over the rising rates of HIV among factory workers, a significant proportion of whom are women, the label also appeared to reconstitute stereotypes of factory women as dangerously sexual and of factories as immoral spaces. Drawing on ethnographic research in the export processing zones of Penang, Malaysia in the mid-1990s, I examine the meanings and experiences of HIV risk among factory women themselves. Data were analyzed using discourse and grounded theory methods, the former to identify women's multiple modes of rationalizing HIV risks, and the latter to theorize the sources and significance of women's HIV risk assemblages. The heuristic of assemblages as localized knowledge spaces helped to show that biomedical and socioreligious risk lexica operated not as fixed epistemological categories but as situational resources in women's risk scripts. Overall, women desired multiple risk knowledges to help them "control themselves by themselves," a project of reflexive self-shaping mediated by the diverse and discordant discourses of gender, ethnicity, and modernity in Malaysia that shaped how HIV risks were engendered and experienced.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/ethnology*; Sexual Behavior/psychology
Drepanosticta adenani sp. nov., from the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary in Sarawak (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae)

Dow RA, Reels GT

Zootaxa, 2018 Feb 15;4379(3):429-435.
PMID: 29689954 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4379.3.6

Drepanosticta adenani sp. nov. (holotype ♂, from a tributary of Sungai Jela, Nanga Segerak area, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Sri Aman Division, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, 18 vii 2016, deposited in the Natural History Museum, London) is described from both sexes.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Fulltext Psycho-social and spiritual backgrounds, experiences, and needs as a transsexual: a qualitative study within Persatuan Insaf Pahang

Drama, S., Maliya, S., Liyana, A., Farhani, S., Jannah, R., Razman., M.R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(2):27-36.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Transsexuals face discriminations and rejections from the Malaysian society. The number of
studies done on understanding the phenomenology, experiences, and problems faced by transsexuals is still
few in Malaysia. This research aims to document their psycho-social and spiritual backgrounds and the
relevant experiences, and to explore their perceptions and needs as male-to-female transsexuals in the
context of Persatuan Insaf Pahang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was carried out
in July and August 2015 among eight male-to-female transsexual adults in Kuantan, Pahang. Snowball
sampling was used. Participants who gave consent were interviewed in two focus groups. Data obtained was
transcribed and used as the primary data source. Results: Subjects in this study reported confusions over
their gender identity since childhood. They struggled against conflicts regarding their transsexuality in
adolescence, and eventually many quit their studies. As adults, they were discriminated against in
employment and religious settings. They provided positive feedbacks on religious authorities who could
understand problems unique to transsexuals and empathise with the transsexual community. Conclusion: The
psycho-sexual phenomenology is the same in transsexuals all over the world. Misunderstanding and
discrimination from the society remain heavy towards this community. Transsexuals should learn to adapt to
meeting expectations from the society as well, so they could be accepted in public. They will need religious
guidance and spiritual support for better quality of life. Dedicated efforts are still needed in training
professionals in the educational, medical, and religious fields to attend to the specific needs of transsexuals
in this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Fulltext Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among transsexuals in Kuantan, Pahang

Ramli, M., Mohd Aznan, M.A., Maliya. S., Muhamad Shaiful Lizam, M.A., Muhammad Salman, M.H., Mohamad Faqihuddin, H., et al.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):45-50.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS may be the risk factors for HIV infection among transsexuals. Research on knowledge and attitude towards HIV infection in transsexual communities is very limited at both local and international levels. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards HIV infection among the male-to-female transsexual community in Kuantan, Pahang.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from July to August 2014 among 33 male-to-female transsexuals in Kuantan, Pahang. Convenience sampling was used. Participants who gave consent answered a self-administered questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ2-test, and independent sample t test.
Results: The majority of the subjects in this study were 29 years and below (48.5%), Muslims (93.9%), and had completed up to secondary education (60.6%). Most of them were sex workers (60.6%), and had relatively low income (no income to RM 3000, mean of RM1528). A total of 87.9% of the subjects demonstrated good knowledge and also positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS. Level of education was significantly associated with scores in knowledge (p=0.01).
Conclusions: Despite the positive outcome from this study, misconceptions towards HIV/AIDS still exist among transsexuals. Education and interventions from multiple directions on HIV/AIDS are essential to deliver the correct information to this population, so as to emphasize prevention, early detection, and holistic medical care. Transsexuals also require attention from religious bodies and non-governmental organizations to help them in employment, financial, spiritual, and psycho-social issues.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Putative Androgen Exposure and Sexual Orientation: Cross-Cultural Evidence Suggesting a Modified Neurohormonal Theory

Ellis L, Lykins A, Hoskin A, Ratnasingam M

J Sex Med, 2015 Dec;12(12):2364-77.
PMID: 26663858 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.13070

According to neurohormonal theory, prenatal androgens are key determinants of sexual orientation. As a reputed marker for prenatal androgens, the 2D:4D finger length ratio has been used in more than a dozen studies to test the hypothesis that prenatal androgens influence sexual orientation. Findings have been very inconsistent.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/physiology*
Prevalence of chlamydial antibody in Malaysians

Ngeow YF, Rachagan SP, Ramachandran S

J Clin Pathol, 1990 May;43(5):400-2.
PMID: 2196283

A single antigen indirect immunofluorescence test was used to screen for chlamydial antibody among Malaysian infants, children, sexually active adults and prostitutes. Of 794 serum samples tested, 361 (45.5%) were positive. Seropositivity increased with age and sexual activity and ranged from 10 to 16% among children under 10 years old to 94.4% among prostitutes. Pregnant women and female adolescents showed a higher antibody prevalence than nonpregnant and older women. Six (13%) infants under 6 months of age were positive for chlamydial IgM.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Phases of female sexual response cycle among Malaysian women with infertility: a factor analysis study

Seen Heng Y, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Razali R, Ram H

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:50-4.
PMID: 23857837 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12044

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) among women attending an infertility clinic in a Malaysian tertiary center.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/psychology*; Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs

Matsumura Y, Kamimura Y, Lee CY, Gorb SN, Rajabi H

Sci Rep, 2021 04 12;11(1):7920.
PMID: 33846369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86864-1

We unveiled the penile penetration mechanics of two earwig species, Echinosoma horridum, whose intromittent organ, termed virga, is extraordinarily long, and E. denticulatum, whose virga is conversely short. We characterised configuration, geometry, material and bending stiffness for both virga and spermatheca. The short virga of E. denticulatum has a material gradient with the stiffer base, whereas the long virga of E. horridum and the spermathecae of both species are homogeneously sclerotised. The long virga of E. horridum has a lower bending stiffness than the spermatheca. The virga of E. denticulatum is overall less flexible than the spermatheca. We compared our results to a previous study on the penetration mechanics of elongated beetle genitalia. Based on the comparison, we hypothesised that the lower stiffness of the male intromittent organ comparing to the corresponding female structure is a universal prerequisite for the penetration mechanics of the elongated intromittent organ in insects.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology*
Fulltext The Physical And Psychological Morbidity In Maxillofacial Trauma Patients

Au Yong, S.W. L., Ummu Aiman, Y., Rahman, Z.A.A.

Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):-.
MyJurnal

The aim of this research is to study how the physical changes in the maxillofacial trauma patients affect them psychologically in patients of different ages, sexes, races, socioeconomic backgrounds, types and severity of injury. The study was conducted by doing a questionnaire survey, which was divided into physical and psychological components. In the physical component, the questions were mainly related to the physical injuries to the patient, which could be visualized clinically and functionally. The psychological component consisted of analyzing the impact of the maxillofacial trauma to the psychological profile. Twenty patients of both sexes and ages, ranged from 15 to 62 years old were interviewed. The main cause of trauma was from motor vehicle accidents. This study appears to show that maxillofacial trauma may have a psychological impact on patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Fulltext Determinants of knowledge on sexually transmitted infections among students in public higher education institutions in Melaka state, Malaysia

Mansor N, Ahmad N, Rahman HA

PLoS One, 2020;15(10):e0240842.
PMID: 33119620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240842

INTRODUCTION: The increasing trend of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the young population is a significant public health problem. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge on STIs among students in higher education institutions and its predicting factors, in Melaka.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 students from higher education institutions in Melaka aged between 18 to 30 years old. Multistage sampling of the institutions was performed. Valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire in the national language, Bahasa Malaysia, was used as to collect data on sociodemographic, personal background, knowledge on STIs and sources of information for STIs. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software version 25.
RESULTS: The response rate for this study was 88%. The mean knowledge score was 24.1 ±5.1 out of 38. HIV was the most known STIs while gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and chlamydial infections were among the least known STIs. Oral intercourse was the least known sexual activity that could transmit STIs. Higher proportion of respondents had correct knowledge on control and preventive measures of STIs (between 78% and 95%) compared to correct knowledge on sign and symptoms of STIs (between 8.5% and 67.8%). More than 90% of the respondents were unaware that a person infected with STIs could be symptom free. Four variables were identified as the determinants of the knowledge on STIs, which were level of education, place of stay, history of sexual and reproductive health education and involvement in STIs awareness programs (F (4,445) = 11.405, p <0.001, R2 = 0.093).
CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge on STIs among students in higher education institutions was unsatisfactory. The existing sexual education programs can be strengthened by delivering more information on other STIs rather than focusing on HIV only. The future program should focus on students of diploma and/or skill certificate and staying off-campus.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Fulltext Mak nyahs in Malaysia: does HIV/AIDS knowledge really reduce HIV-related risk behaviours?

Maliya S., Zul A.R., Irwan, M.S., Irwan M.S., Samsul D., Zakiah M.S., et al.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(3):29-38.
MyJurnal

Introduction. Male-to-female transgender individuals are known as mak nyahs in Malaysia. Akin to many other countries, mak nyahs face discriminations in securing proper employment, thus many end up in sex trade, exposing them to HIV-related high risk behaviours. This paper aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and risk behaviours in HIV/AIDS among mak nyahs in Malaysia. Method. Validated questionnaires in local language were used. Knowledge, attitude, and HIV-related risk behaviours were measured. With respondent-driven sampling method, 54 subjects participated in the survey. IBM SPSS was used for data analysis. Results. Majority of the subjects reported to have HIV-related sexual risk, although only a quarter were sex workers. Misconceptions still remained among the subjects. Inconsistent condom use was common. Adequate knowledge did result in better attitude towards HIV/AIDS. However, multiple regression analysis showed that subjects with higher knowledge in HIV/AIDS tend to have higher sexual risks (β = 0.320, p = 0.030). Conclusion. Educating the transgender community about HIV/AIDS does not seem to adequately reduce the HIV-related sexual risks. Other approaches, i.e. socio-cultural values and religious practices may be effective to instil higher levels of awareness and self-responsibility in this community to eliminate HIVrelated high risk behaviours.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Epidemiology and prevention of cervical cancer in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam

Domingo EJ, Noviani R, Noor MR, Ngelangel CA, Limpaphayom KK, Thuan TV, et al.

Vaccine, 2008 Aug 19;26 Suppl 12:M71-9.
PMID: 18945416 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.039

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancers in women from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, particularly HPV-16 and 18, are consistently identified in cervical cancer cases regardless of geographical region. Factors that have been identified to increase the likelihood of HPV exposure or subsequent development of cervical cancer include young age at first intercourse, high parity and multiple sexual partners. Cervical cancer screening programs in these countries include Pap smears, single visit approach utilizing visual inspection with acetic acid followed by cryotherapy, as well as screening with colposcopy. Uptake of screening remains low in all regions and is further compounded by the lack of basic knowledge women have regarding screening as an opportunity for the prevention of cervical cancer. Prophylactic HPV vaccination with the quadrivalent vaccine has already been approved for use in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, while the bivalent vaccine has also been approved in the Philippines. However, there has been no national or government vaccination policy implemented in any of these countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Fulltext The level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS among young mothers. [Tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan terhadap pencegahan HIV/AID dalam kalangan ibu muda.]

Norfazilah Ahmad, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Incham Manggat, Mohd Rizam Abdul Rahman, Hazlina Mohd Miskam, Sazman Wahab, et al.

Int J Public Health Res, 2018;8(1):913-923.
MyJurnal

Introduction The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and a disease with high morbidity and mortality.Young mothers are sub-populations that are at high risk for HIV through sexual activity. In addition, information on the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among young mothers in Malaysia regarding HIV/AIDS prevention is still limited.Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS among young mothers and the factors that influence them.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in a city center among 147 young mothers aged 18-30 years old at the Post Natal and Obstetrics and Gynecology Ward (O & G). Data collection was conducted in April-November 2014 and the respondents' selection was based on simple random sampling. A questionnaire containing validated instruments was used in this study. Approval for conducting research has been obtained from the UKM Research Ethics Committee before the data collection procedure is implemented.
Results Majority of the young mothers have good knowledge (78.8%) and practice (71.2%) towards HIV/AIDS prevention. While more than half of them (56.7%) have positive attitude towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Living in the urban area and being married are significantly associated with having good knowledge and positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention. While, mothers who are 5 years older compared to the younger ones and being married are significantly associated with having good practice towards HIV/AIDS prevention.
Conclusions The level of knowledge, attitudes and practices as well as the associated factors could be the baseline to formulate health intervention to prevent HIV/AIDS among this vulnerable group.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Fulltext Migrant Women's Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

Loganathan T, Chan ZX, de Smalen AW, Pocock NS

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 07 26;17(15).
PMID: 32722563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155376

Providing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to migrant workers is key to fulfilling sustainable developmental goals. This study aims to explore key informants' views on the provision of SRH services for migrant women in Malaysia, exploring the provision of SRH education, contraception, abortion, antenatal and delivery, as well as the management of gender-based violence. In-depth interviews of 44 stakeholders were conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. Data were thematically analysed. Migrant workers that fall pregnant are unable to work legally and are subject to deportation. Despite this, we found that insufficient SRH information and contraceptive access are provided, as these are seen to encourage promiscuity. Pregnancy, rather than sexually transmitted infection prevention, is a core concern among migrant women, the latter of which is not adequately addressed by private providers. Abortions are often seen as the only option for pregnant migrants. Unsafe abortions occur which are linked to financial constraints and cultural disapproval, despite surgical abortions being legal in Malaysia. Pregnant migrants often delay care-seeking, and this may explain poor obstetric outcomes. Although health facilities for gender-based violence are available, non-citizen women face additional barriers in terms of discrimination and scrutiny by authorities. Migrant women face extremely limited options for SRH services in Malaysia and these should be expanded.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Teenage births on the decline

Peng TN

Malays J Reprod Health, 1986 Dec;4(2):91-6.
PMID: 12314888

PIP: In Peninsular Malaysia, while the female population aged 15-19 years registered a growth of some 240,000 persons between 1966-1984, the number of births occurring to teenage mothers has decreased by 15,176 from 33,348 to 18,172 during the same period. In 1966, teenage births constituted some 10.8% of the total births but has declined to 4.7% by 1984. A breakdown of the 1984 data by detailed age groups shows that only 0.9% of the teenage births had actually occurred among those below 15 years of age. The declining trend in teenage births, particularly the higher order births among the very young mothers, augurs well for the improvement in family welfare. However, in order to safeguard the health and welfare of mothers and children, concerted efforts should continue to be undertaken to integrate population, family health and family life education into the school curriculum.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior*
Estimation of fecundability from survey data

Goldman N, Westoff CF, Paul LE

Stud Fam Plann, 1985 Sep-Oct;16(5):252-9.
PMID: 4060210 DOI: 10.2307/1966998

The estimation of fecundability from survey data is plagued by methodological problems such as misreporting of dates of birth and marriage and the occurrence of premarital exposure to the risk of conception. Nevertheless, estimates of fecundability from World Fertility Survey data for women married in recent years appear to be plausible for most of the surveys analyzed here and are quite consistent with estimates reported in earlier studies. The estimates presented in this article are all derived from the first interval, the interval between marriage or consensual union and the first live birth conception.
PIP: The estimation of fecundability from survey data is plagued by methodological problems such as misreporting of dates of birth and marriage and the occurrence of premarital exposure to the risk of conception. The availability of data collected with a standard interview schedule from over 40 countries in the World Fertility Survey (WFS) is an invaluable resource for assessing the potential utility of measures of fecundability derived from single-round surveys as well as for comparing estimates across countries and regions of the world. In this article, data are used from 5 WFSs in Latin America (Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico and Paraguay) and 3 in Asia (Korea, Malaysia and Sri Lanka) to determine the general usefulness of single-round survey data for the estimation of fecundability from survey data, given the limited information on contraceptive use available from many surveys and the data quality problems associated with reports of dates of marriage and dates of birth. Explored in the process are several different procedures for estimation and variations in estimates of fecundability by country, time period, and women's age. For most of this analysis, the median waiting time to conception in the absence of contraception is used as a measure of fecundability. All of the estimates presented are derived from the 1st birth interval. The estimates are based on data collected in both the birth and the marriage histories in the WFS individual interviews. The 8 surveys chosen for this analysis are characterized by relatively complete reporting of dates of birth and marriage. The primary conclusion of this exercise is that reasonable estimates of fecundability can be derived from WFS data only if one is careful to avoid numerous methodological pitfalls. The most plausible estimates appear to be for women married in the period from about 2 to 10 years before the survey. The average waiting times to 1st conception range from about 4 to 7 months; the corresponding monthly probabilities of conception lie between 0.17 and 0.26. The effect of age at marriage on fecundability is most apparent for ages below 16; differences between women married at ages 16-17 and at ages 18 and above are more modest. Suggestions for improvement of the estimation of fecundability by including a number of questions in survey questionnaires are presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
Spotlight: Malaysia

Patriquin W

Popul Today, 1988 Mar;16(3):12.
PMID: 12341834
Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior*
Early-life citalopram-induced impairments in sexual behavior and the role of androgen receptor

Soga T, Wong DW, Putteeraj M, Song KP, Parhar IS

Neuroscience, 2012 Dec 6;225:172-84.
PMID: 22960312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.061

Postnatal treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been found to affect brain development and the regulation of reproduction in rodent models. The normal masculinization process in the brain requires a transient decrease in serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain during the second postnatal week. Strict regulation of androgen receptor (AR) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression is important to control male reproductive activity. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of a potent SSRI (citalopram) on male sexual behavior and expression levels of AR and GnRH in adult male mice receiving either vehicle or citalopram (10mg/kg) daily during postnatal days 8-21. The citalopram-treated male mice showed altered sexual behavior, specifically a significant reduction in the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation compared with the vehicle-treated mice. The citalopram-treated male mice displayed elevated anxiety-like behavior in an open field test and lower locomotor activity in their home cage during the subjective night. Although there was no change in GnRH and AR mRNA levels in the preoptic area (POA), quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunostained AR cell numbers in the medial POA were decreased in the citalopram-treated male mice. These results suggest that the early-life inhibition of 5-HT transporters alters the regulation of AR expression in the medial POA, likely causing decreased sexual behavior and altered home cage activity in the subjective night.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects*
Citalopram (antidepressant) administration causes sexual dysfunction in male mice through RF-amide related peptide in the dorsomedial hypothalamus

Soga T, Wong DW, Clarke IJ, Parhar IS

Neuropharmacology, 2010 Jul-Aug;59(1-2):77-85.
PMID: 20381503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.018

Citalopram is the most potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which is used as an antidepressant but causes sexual dysfunction. Whether citalopram induced sexual dysfunction is a result of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin or RF-amide related peptide (RFRP) alteration is unknown. In this study, we tested mice for sexual behavior after vehicle (0.9% NaCl) and citalopram treatment (5 mg/kg) daily for 1 day (acute) and 21 or 28 days (chronic). Effects of acute and chronic treatments on neuronal numbers and mRNA expression of GnRH, kisspeptin and RFRP were measured. In addition, RFRP fiber projections to preoptic (POA)-GnRH neurons were analyzed using double-label immunohistochemistry. The expression of 14 different serotonin receptor types mRNA was examined in immunostained laser dissected single RFRP neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), however only 11 receptors types were identified. Acute citalopram treatment did not affect sexual behavior, whereas, the total duration of intromission was reduced with chronic treatment. There was no effect in the expression of kisspeptin (neuronal numbers and mRNA) in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and the arcuate nucleus and expression of GnRH (neuronal numbers and mRNA) in the POA after citalopram treatment. However, RFRP neuronal numbers in the DMH and fiber projections to the POA were significantly increased after chronic citalopram treatment, which suggests citalopram induced inhibition of sexual behavior involves the modulation of RFRP through serotonin receptors in the DMH.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects

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