Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 164 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. A glycerol-free process to produce biodiesel by supercritical methyl acetate technology: an optimization study via Response Surface Methodology
    Tan KT, Lee KT, Mohamed AR
    Bioresour Technol, 2010 Feb;101(3):965-9.
    PMID: 19773156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.004
    In this study, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have been successfully produced from transesterification reaction between triglycerides and methyl acetate, instead of alcohol. In this non-catalytic supercritical methyl acetate (SCMA) technology, triacetin which is a valuable biodiesel additive is produced as side product rather than glycerol, which has lower commercial value. Besides, the properties of the biodiesel (FAME and triacetin) were found to be superior compared to those produced from conventional catalytic reactions (FAME only). In this study, the effects of various important parameters on the yield of biodiesel were optimized by utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The mathematical model developed was found to be adequate and statistically accurate to predict the optimum yield of biodiesel. The optimum conditions were found to be 399 degrees C for reaction temperature, 30 mol/mol of methyl acetate to oil molar ratio and reaction time of 59 min to achieve 97.6% biodiesel yield.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/chemistry*
  2. Glycerol preserved bovine pericardium for abdominal wall reconstruction: experimental study in rat model
    Hafeez YM, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Yusof N, Asnah H, Noordin MM
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:117-8.
    PMID: 15468846
    The aim of this study was to evaluate bovine pericardium surgical patch in rat model. Bovine pericardial sacs collected from local abattoir were cleaned, disinfected and cut into pieces of 3 by 2.5cm and preserved in 99.5% glycerol. Full thickness abdominal wall defects of 3 by 2.5 cm were created in 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats and repaired with glycerol preserved pieces. The rats were serially sacrificed in a group of six rats at 1,3,6,9 and 18 weeks post-surgical intervals for morphological and tensometeric study. Macroscopically, no mortality or postoperative surgical complications was encountered except slight adhesions between implanted grafts and some visceral organs in 10% of the rats. Microscopically no calcification or foreign body giant cell formation was found in the explanted grafts. The implanted grafts were replaced gradually with recipient tissue, which made mainly of dense collagenous bundles. The healing strength between the implanted grafts and the recipient abdominal wall was gradually increased with time. The results of this study showed that glycerol preserved bovine pericardium act as scaffold for transformation into living tissue without clinical complications such as that associated with prostheses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol*
  3. Fulltext Stabilizing effect of various polyols on the native and the denatured states of glucoamylase
    Zaroog MS, Abdul Kadir H, Tayyab S
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:570859.
    PMID: 24163624 DOI: 10.1155/2013/570859
    Different spectral probes were employed to study the stabilizing effect of various polyols, such as, ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GLY), glucose (GLC) and trehalose (TRE) on the native (N), the acid-denatured (AD) and the thermal-denatured (TD) states of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase (GA). Polyols induced both secondary and tertiary structural changes in the AD state of enzyme as reflected from altered circular dichroism (CD), tryptophan (Trp), and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence characteristics. Thermodynamic analysis of the thermal denaturation curve of native GA suggested significant increase in enzyme stability in the presence of GLC, TRE, and GLY (in decreasing order) while EG destabilized it. Furthermore, CD and fluorescence characteristics of the TD state at 71°C in the presence of polyols showed greater effectiveness of both GLC and TRE in inducing native-like secondary and tertiary structures compared to GLY and EG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  4. Reflection coefficient detection of simulation models for microwave imaging simulation system
    Chew KM, Sudirman R, Seman N, Yong CY
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2014;24(1):199-207.
    PMID: 24211899 DOI: 10.3233/BME-130800
    The study was conducted based on two objectives as framework. The first objective is to determine the point of microwave signal reflection while penetrating into the simulation models and, the second objective is to analyze the reflection pattern when the signal penetrate into the layers with different relative permittivity, εr. Thus, several microwave models were developed to make a close proximity of the in vivo human brain. The study proposed two different layers on two different characteristics models. The radii on the second layer and the corresponding antenna positions are the factors for both models. The radii for model 1 is 60 mm with an antenna position of 10 mm away, in contrast, model 2 is 10 mm larger in size with a closely adapted antenna without any gap. The layers of the models were developed with different combination of materials such as Oil, Sandy Soil, Brain, Glycerin and Water. Results show the combination of Glycerin + Brain and Brain + Sandy Soil are the best proximity of the in vivo human brain grey and white matter. The results could benefit subsequent studies for further enhancement and development of the models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/chemistry
  5. Model-assisted formate dehydrogenase-O (fdoH) gene knockout for enhanced succinate production in Escherichia coli from glucose and glycerol carbon sources
    Mienda BS, Shamsir MS, Md Illias R
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2016 Nov;34(11):2305-16.
    PMID: 26510527 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1113387
    Succinic acid is an important platform chemical that has broad applications and is been listed as one of the top twelve bio-based chemicals produced from biomass by the US Department of Energy. The metabolic role of Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase-O (fdoH) under anaerobic conditions in relation to succinic acid production remained largely unspecified. Herein we report, what are to our knowledge, the first metabolic fdoH gene knockout that have enhanced succinate production using glucose and glycerol substrates in E. coli. Using the most recent E. coli reconstruction iJO1366, we engineered its host metabolism to enhance the anaerobic succinate production by deleting the fdoH gene, which blocked H(+) conduction across the mutant cell membrane for the enhanced succinate production. The engineered mutant strain BMS4 showed succinate production of 2.05 g l(-1) (41.2-fold in 7 days) from glycerol and .39 g l(-1) (6.2-fold in 1 day) from glucose. This work revealed that a single deletion of the fdoH gene is sufficient to increase succinate production in E. coli from both glucose and glycerol substrates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/metabolism*
  6. Effect of type and concentration of cryoprotectant on the motility, viability, and fertility of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) sperm
    Maulida S, Eriani K, Fadli N, Kocabaş FK, Siti-Azizah MN, Wilkes M, et al.
    Theriogenology, 2023 Apr 15;201:24-29.
    PMID: 36822040 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.014
    The climbing perch, Anabas testudineus is a freshwater fish that has economic value in Indonesia. It is cultured in the country, but the breeding technology, specifically sperm storage, is not well developed. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the preservation methods that need to be developed to support fish breeding technology. The type of cryoprotectants and its concentration are species-dependent and determines the success of this approach. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the optimal type and concentration of cryoprotectant for sperm cryopreservation of A. testudineus. Four separate study series were performed, each of which evaluated one type of cryoprotectant at five concentration levels. The cryoprotectants used were DMSO, methanol, glycerol, and ethanol, and the tested concentrations were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, which were combined with 5% egg yolks. Each treatment was conducted with three replications. The results showed that the type of cryoprotectant and its concentration significantly affected sperm motility, viability, and fertility of climbing perch (P glycerol at 5%, and ethanol at 15%. However, the highest motility, viability, and fertility values were observed at 10% DMSO, indicating it is the best type and concentration for sperm cryopreservation of climbing perch A. testudineus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  7. Development and Characterization of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Alginate-Aloe vera Based Hydrogel Film
    Dayoob M, Kee YWY, Bahrin WH, Alrimawi BH, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, et al.
    J Vis Exp, 2024 Dec 13.
    PMID: 39760405 DOI: 10.3791/67068
    A new fusidic acid-loaded hydrogel film was prepared via the solvent casting technique using alginate and Aloe vera. The hydrogel films were optimized using different ratios of sodium alginate, Aloe vera, and glycerin. The films containing 10% glycerin (w/w of alginate) exhibited the best appearance. Incorporating Aloe vera influenced the thickness, swelling behavior, water vapor permeability, and drug release profile of the hydrogel films. Higher Aloe vera content resulted in thicker films (up to a certain ratio), increased swelling, reduced water vapor permeability, and a prolonged drug release of up to 93% over 12 h. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups and the interaction between the hydrogel components. The study suggests that the combination of sodium alginate, Aloe vera, and glycerin can improve the mechanical properties and drug release profiles of hydrogel films, making them a promising option for enhanced topical drug delivery and wound healing applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Effect of sorbitol at different concentrations on the functional properties of gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/chitosan composite films
    Bakry, N.F., Isa, M.I.N., Sarbon, N.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1753-1762.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigated consequent functional effects (mechanical and physical) on Gelatin/ CMC/Chitosan composite films from the addition of sorbitol. With glycerol as a plasticizer, solutions for Gelatin/CMC/Chitosan composite films containing graduated sorbitol concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%), were cast on a petri dish and oven dried at 45˚C. The fabricated films were then characterized for tensile strength, elongation at break (EAB) and puncture resistance (mechanical properties); as well as film thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), thermal properties, light transmittance and transparency (UV and visible light transmission), biodegradability, and X-ray diffraction (physical properties). Results indicated that by increasing sorbitol concentration, melting point and tensile strength decreased overall (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  9. Development of various composition multicomponent chitosan/fish collagen/glycerin 3D porous scaffolds: Effect on morphology, mechanical strength, biostability and cytocompatibility
    Ullah S, Zainol I, Chowdhury SR, Fauzi MB
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 May;111:158-168.
    PMID: 29305219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.136
    The various composition multicomponent chitosan/fish collagen/glycerin 3D porous scaffolds were developed and investigated the effect of various composition chitosan/fish collagen/glycerin on scaffolds morphology, mechanical strength, biostability and cytocompatibility. The scaffolds were fabricated via freeze-drying technique. The effects of various compositions consisting in 3D scaffolds were investigated via FT-IR analysis, porosity, swelling and mechanical tests, and effect on the morphology of scaffolds investigated microscopically. The biostability and cytocompatibility tests were used to explore the ability of scaffolds to use for tissue engineering application. The average pore sizes of scaffolds were in range of 100.73±27.62-116.01±52.06, porosity 71.72±3.46-91.17±2.42%, tensile modulus in dry environment 1.47±0.08-0.17±0.03MPa, tensile modulus in wet environment 0.32±0.03-0.14±0.04MPa and biodegradation rate (at day 30) 60.38±0.70-83.48±0.28%. In vitro culture of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed that the various composition multicomponent 3D scaffolds were good cytocompatibility however, the scaffolds contained high amount of fish collagen excellently facilitated cell proliferation and adhesion. It was found that the high amount fish collagen and glycerin scaffolds have high porosity, enough mechanical strength and biostability, and excellent cytocompatibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  10. Development of guar gum based active packaging films using grape pomace
    Saurabh CK, Gupta S, Variyar PS
    J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Jun;55(6):1982-1992.
    PMID: 29892098 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3112-3
    The objective of this study was to develop biodegradable active film to improve the shelf-life of minimally processed fresh-produce. Guar gum (GG) based films with improved properties were fabricated by employing tween-80 (0.88%) as emulsifier, nanoclay (13.9%) as reinforcement, beeswax (1.21%) for hydrophobicity, glycerol (3.07%) as plasticizer, and grape pomace extract (5%) as active ingredient (%w/w of GG). Active films had a tensile strength of 122 MPa and water vapor transmission rate of 69 gm-2d-1. Films demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella Typhimurium. The 2 kGy irradiated minimally processed pomegranate arils packed in film demonstrated a shelf-life of 12 days as compared to 4 days for unirradiated samples. The observed improvement in shelf-life was due to a radiation-induced release of antimicrobial volatiles from active films as confirmed by headspace analysis using GC-MS. Suitability of active films for food irradiation applications is thus demonstrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  11. Fulltext Efficient production of succinic acid in immobilized fermentation with crude glycerol from Escherichia coli
    Nik Nor Aziati, A.A., Mimi Sakinah, A.M.
    Food Research, 2018;2(1):110-118.
    MyJurnal
    The increase in the price of commercial succinic acid has necessitated the need for its
    synthesis from waste materials such as glycerol. Glycerol residue is a waste product of
    Oleochemical production which is cheaply available and a very good source of carbon.
    The use of immobilized cells can further reduce the overall cost of the production process.
    This study primarily aims to produce succinic acid from glycerol residue through the use
    of immobilized Escherichia coli in a batch fermentation process. The parameters which
    affect bacterial fermentation process such as the mass substrate, temperature, inoculum
    size and duration of fermentation were screened using One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT)
    method. The result of the screening process shows that a substrate (glycerol) concentration
    of 30 g, inoculum size 20% v/v, and time 4 h produced the maximum succinic acid
    concentration of 117.99 g/L. The immobilized cells were found to be stable as well as
    retain their fermentative ability up to the 6th cycle of recycling, thereby presenting as an
    advantage over the free cell system. Therefore, conclude that using immobilized cells can
    contribute immensely to the cost-effective production of succinic acid from glycerol
    residue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  12. Fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed oil
    Jumat Salimon, Dina Azleema Mohd Noor, Nazrizawati A, Mohd Firdaus M, Noraishah A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    The crude oil of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed was extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane. The physicochemical characteristics of castor bean oil were evaluated. The results showed that Malaysian castor seeds contain a relatively high percentage of total lipids content; 43.3% (per dry weight), high iodine value (84.5 mg/g) and saponification value (182.96 mg/g). The seed oil moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid percentage (% FFA) were 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g and 3.4%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content were 97.5% of the total fatty acids composition. Ricinoleic acid comprises over 84% while other fatty acids present were linoleic (7.3%), oleic (5.5%), palmitic (1.3%), stearic (1.2%) and linolenic (0.5%), respectively. Five types of castor bean seed oil triacylglycerols were identified as triricinolein, RRR (84.1%), diricinoleoylstearoylglycerol, RRS (8.2%), diricinoleoyloleoyl-glycerol, RRO (5.6%), diricinoleoyllinoleoylglycerol, RRL (1.2%) and diricinoleoylpalmitoyl-glycerol, RRP (0.9%) respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  13. Selective glycerol esterification over organomontmorillonite catalysts
    Wibowo TY, Ridzuan Zakaria, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Organomontmorillonites were synthesized by grafting cationic surfactants i.e quaternary ammonium compounds into the interlayer space and were characterized using XRD, FTIR and N2 adsorption/ desorption analysis. The organomontmorillonites were applied as catalyst for the esterification of glycerol (GL) with lauric acid (LA). The catalyst which had symmetrical onium salts (tetrabuthylammoniumbromide, TBAB) gave higher activity than that of unsymmetrical onium salts (cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide, CTAB). Over the TBAB-montmorillonite catalyst, glycerol monolaurate was obtained with a selectivity of about 80%, a lauric acid conversion of about 71% and a glycerol monolaurate yield of about 57%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  14. Tensile and water absorption properties of biodegradable composites derived from cassava skin/polyvinyl alcohol with glycerol as plasticizer
    Dayangku Intan Munthoub, Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    Natural organic and abundant resources biopolymers received more attention due to their low cost, availability and degradability after usage. Cassava skin was used as natural fillers to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Cassava skin/poly vinyl alcohol blends were compounded using melt extrusion twin screw extruder and test samples were prepared using the compression method. Various ratios of cassava skin and glycerol were investigated to identify suitable composition based on the water absorption and tensile properties. The water absorption of the cassava skins/PVA samples increased at higher composition of cassava skin due to their hydrophilic properties but decrease with glycerol content. The strength of the cassava skins/PVA samples increased with the higher composition of cassava skin up to 70 wt% while gradually decreased with the increasing composition of glycerol. The Young modulus increased with glycerol content but decreased with fibre loading up to 70 wt%. Elongation at break decreased with fibre loading and glycerol up to 70 wt% and 30 phr, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  15. Fulltext Selective Electrochemical Conversion of Glycerol to Glycolic Acid and Lactic Acid on a Mixed Carbon-Black Activated Carbon Electrode in a Single Compartment Electrochemical Cell
    Lee CS, Aroua MK, Wan Daud WA, Cognet P, Pérès Y, Ajeel MA
    Front Chem, 2019;7:110.
    PMID: 30931294 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00110
    In recent years, the rapid swift increase in world biodiesel production has caused an oversupply of its by-product, glycerol. Therefore, extensive research is done worldwide to convert glycerol into numerous high added-value chemicals i.e., glyceric acid, 1,2-propanediol, acrolein, glycerol carbonate, dihydroxyacetone, etc. Hydroxyl acids, glycolic acid and lactic acid, which comprise of carboxyl and alcohol functional groups, are the focus of this study. They are chemicals that are commonly found in the cosmetic industry as an antioxidant or exfoliator and a chemical source of emulsifier in the food industry, respectively. The aim of this study is to selectively convert glycerol into these acids in a single compartment electrochemical cell. For the first time, electrochemical conversion was performed on the mixed carbon-black activated carbon composite (CBAC) with Amberlyst-15 as acid catalyst. To the best of our knowledge, conversion of glycerol to glycolic and lactic acids via electrochemical studies using this electrode has not been reported yet. Two operating parameters i.e., catalyst dosage (6.4-12.8% w/v) and reaction temperature [room temperature (300 K) to 353 K] were tested. At 353 K, the selectivity of glycolic acid can reach up to 72% (with a yield of 66%), using 9.6% w/v catalyst. Under the same temperature, lactic acid achieved its highest selectivity (20.7%) and yield (18.6%) at low catalyst dosage, 6.4% w/v.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  16. Comparison of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB): Cellulose digestibility, structural and morphology changes
    Thi S, Lee KM
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Jun;282:525-529.
    PMID: 30898410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.065
    In this work, a novel solvent, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was applied to examine its effectiveness in pretreating OPEFB. Three types of DESs, i.e. choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-LA), choline chloride-urea (ChCl-U) and choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-G) were investigated. The pretreatment performance was based on cellulose digestibility, structural and morphology changes. At molar ratio of 1:2, ChCl-LA attained the highest reducing sugars yield of 20.7%, followed by ChCl-G (20.0%) and ChCl-U (16.9%). FT-IR and SEM results further confirmed the outstanding ability of ChCl-LA due of its ability in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin disruption, exposing its cellulose fraction to enzymatic hydrolysis. ChCl-LA is also more favorable compare to acid and alkaline solvents as it could prevent sugars loss, use of expensive corrosion resistant equipment and ease products separation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  17. Study and characterisation of the post processing ageing of sago pith waste biocomposites
    Jau CL, Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman, Avérous L, Teck HL
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:633-641.
    This paper reports the post-processing ageing phenomena of thermoplastic sago starch (TPS) and plasticised sago pith waste (SPW), which were processed using twin-screw extrusion and compression moulding techniques. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that after processing, starch molecules rearranged into VH-type (which was formed rapidly right post processing and concluded within 4 days) and B-type (which was formed slowly over a period of months) crystallites. Evidence from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses corroborated the 2-stage crystallisation process, which observed changes in peak styles and peak intensities (at 1043 and 1026 cm-1) and bandnarrowing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies showed that the thermal stability of plasticised SPW declined continuously for 90 days before gradual increments ensued. For all formulations tested, post-processing ageing led to drastic changes in the tensile strength (increased) and elongation at break (decreased). Glycerol and fibres restrained the retrogradation of starch molecules in TPS and SPW.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  18. XPS study of sulfur and phosphorus compounds with different oxidation states
    Leanne Britcher, Sunil Kumar, Hans J. Griesser, Kim S. Siow
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1913-1922.
    In this report, we demonstrate that continuous improvement in XPS instruments and the calibration standards as well
    as analysis with standard component-fitting procedures can be used to determine the binding energies of compounds
    containing phosphorus and sulfur of different oxidation states with higher confidence. Based on such improved XPS
    analyses, the binding energies (BEs) of S2p signals for sulfur of increasing oxidation state are determined to be 166-167.5
    eV for S=O in dimethyl sulfoxide, 168.1 eV for S=O2
    in polysulfone, 168.4 eV for SO3
    in polystyrene sulfonate and 168.8
    eV for SO4
    in chondroitin sulfate. The BEs of P2p signals show the following values: 132.9 eV for PO3
    in triisopropyl
    phosphite, 133.3 eV for PO4
    in glycerol phosphate, 133.5 eV for PO4
    in sodium tripolyphosphate and 134.0 eV for PO4
    in sodium hexametaphosphate. These results showed that there are only small increases in the binding energy when
    additional oxygen atoms are added to the S-O chemical group. A similar result is obtained when the fourth oxygen or
    poly-phosphate environment is added to the phosphorus compound. These BE values are useful to researchers involved
    in identifying oxidation states of phosphorus and sulfur atoms commonly observed on modified surfaces and interfaces
    found in applications such as biomaterials, super-capacitors and catalysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  19. Fulltext Two-Step Purification of Glycerol as a Value Added by Product From the Biodiesel Production Process
    Abdul Raman AA, Tan HW, Buthiyappan A
    Front Chem, 2019;7:774.
    PMID: 31799239 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00774
    For every ton of biodiesel produced, about 100 kg of glycerol is also generated as a by-product. The traditional method of removing glycerol is mainly by gravity separation or centrifugation. This method generates crude glycerol, which may still contain impurities such as methanol, oil, soap, salt, and other organic materials at ppm levels. The effective usage of crude glycerol is important to improve the economic sustainability of the biodiesel industry while reducing the environmental impacts caused by the generated waste. The application and value of crude glycerol can be enhanced if these impurities are removed or minimized. Thus, it is important to develop a method which can increase the economic and applicable value of crude glycerol. Therefore, in the present study, the dual step purification method comprised of acidification and ion exchange techniques has been used to purify the crude glycerol and convert it into higher-value products. The acidification process started with the pH adjustment of the crude glycerol, using phosphoric acid to convert soap into fatty acid and salts. Then, the pretreated glycerol was further purified by ion exchange with a strong cation H+ resin. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to analyze both crude and purified glycerol and expressed as the weight percentage of glycerol content. A maximum glycerol purity of 98.2% was obtained after the dual step purification method at the optimized conditions of 60% of solvent, the flow rate of 15 mL/min and 40 g of resin. Further, the glycerol content measured being within the accepted amount of BS 2621:1979. Therefore, this study has proven that the proposed crude glycerol purification process is effective in improving the glycerol purity and could enhance the applicability of glycerol in producing value-added products which bring new revenue to the biodiesel industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
  20. Fulltext Dynamic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model Within a Liver Phantom for Multimodality Imaging
    Ahmad MS, Suardi N, Shukri A, Nik Ab Razak NNA, Oglat AA, Makhamrah O, et al.
    Eur J Radiol Open, 2020;7:100257.
    PMID: 32944594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100257
    Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer in the world, and the effectiveness of its treatment lies in its detection in its early stages. The aim of this study is to mimic HCC dynamically through a liver phantom and apply it in multimodality medical imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound.

    Methods and materials: The phantom is fabricated with two main parts, liver parenchyma and HCC inserts. The liver parenchyma was fabricated by adding 2.5 wt% of agarose powder combined with 2.6 wt% of wax powder while the basic material for the HCC samples was made from polyurethane solution combined with 5 wt% glycerol. Three HCC samples were inserted into the parenchyma by using three cylinders implanted inside the liver parenchyma. An automatic injector is attached to the input side of the cylinders and a suction device connected to the output side of the cylinders. After the phantom was prepared, the contrast materials were injected into the phantom and imaged using MRI, CT, and ultrasound.

    Results: Both HCC samples and liver parenchyma were clearly distinguished using the three imaging modalities: MRI, CT, and ultrasound. Doppler ultrasound was also applied through the HCC samples and the flow pattern was observed through the samples.

    Conclusion: A multimodal dynamic liver phantom, with HCC tumor models have been fabricated. This phantom helps to improve and develop different methods for detecting HCC in its early stages.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links