Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 961 in total

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  1. Chemical composition of three Malaysian Horsfieldia essential oils
    Salleh WMNHW, Shakri NM, Khamis S, Setzer WN, Nadri MH
    Nat Prod Res, 2020 Sep 14.
    PMID: 32927975 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1819274
    This study aims to assess the chemical compositions of the essential oils from three Horsfieldia species namely H. fulva Warb., H. sucosa Warb. and H. superba Warb., which are found in Malaysia. The essential oils were derived from the samples through hydrodistillation which were then characterised by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the findings, the H. fulva, H. sucosa and H. superba essential oils represented 98.2%, 98.7% and 98.5% of the total oils, respectively. The major component of H. fulva oil was identified to be germacrene D (20.8%), H. sucosa oil mainly contained α-cadinol (17.5%), whereas H. superba oil was rich in δ-cadinene (18.2%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition of the essential oils from these selected Horsfieldia species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  2. Enhanced bioaromatics synthesis via catalytic co-pyrolysis of cellulose and spent coffee ground over microporous HZSM-5 and HY
    Lee HW, Farooq A, Jang SH, Kwon EE, Jae J, Lam SS, et al.
    Environ Res, 2020 May;184:109311.
    PMID: 32145550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109311
    Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) of spent coffee ground (SCG) and cellulose over HZSM-5 and HY was characterized thermogravimetrically, and a catalytic pyrolysis of two samples was conducted using a tandem micro reactor that directly connected with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To access the more fundamental investigations on CCP, the effects of the zeolite pore structure, reaction temperature, in-situ/ex-situ reaction mode, catalyst to feedstock ratio, and the SCG and cellulose mixing ratio were experimentally evaluated. The temperature showing the highest thermal degradation rate of cellulose with SCG slightly delayed due to the interactions during the thermolysis of two samples. HZSM-5 in reference to HY produced more aromatic hydrocarbons from CCP. With respect to the reaction temperature, the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons increased with the pyrolytic temperature. Moreover, the in-situ/ex-situ reaction mode, catalyst/feedstock, and cellulose/SCG ratio were optimized to improve the aromatic hydrocarbon yield.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  3. Fulltext Accelerated nucleophilic substitution reactions of dansyl chloride with aniline under ambient conditions via dual-tip reactive paper spray
    Sarih NM, Romero-Perez D, Bastani B, Rauytanapanit M, Boisdon C, Praneenararat T, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 12 09;10(1):21504.
    PMID: 33299034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78133-4
    Paper spray ionization (PSI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging tool for ambient reaction monitoring via microdroplet reaction acceleration. PSI-MS was used to accelerate and monitor the time course of the reaction of dansyl chloride with aniline, in acetonitrile, to produce dansyl aniline. Three distinct PSI arrangements were explored in this study representing alternative approaches for sample loading and interaction; conventional single tip as well as two novel setups, a dual-tip and a co-axial arrangement were designed so as to limit any on-paper interaction between reagents. The effect on product abundance was investigated using these different paper configurations as it relates to the time course and distance of microdroplet travel. It was observed that product yield increases at a given distance and then decreases thereafter for all PSI configurations. The fluorescent property of the product (dansyl aniline) was used to visually inspect the reaction progress on the paper substrate during the spraying process. Amongst the variety of sample loading methods the novel dual-tip arrangement showed an increased product yield and microdroplet density, whilst avoiding any on-paper interaction between the reagents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  4. Analytical techniques for steroid estrogens in water samples - A review
    Fang TY, Praveena SM, deBurbure C, Aris AZ, Ismail SN, Rasdi I
    Chemosphere, 2016 Dec;165:358-368.
    PMID: 27665296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.051
    In recent years, environmental concerns over ultra-trace levels of steroid estrogens concentrations in water samples have increased because of their adverse effects on human and animal life. Special attention to the analytical techniques used to quantify steroid estrogens in water samples is therefore increasingly important. The objective of this review was to present an overview of both instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques available for the determination of steroid estrogens in water samples, evidencing their respective potential advantages and limitations using the Need, Approach, Benefit, and Competition (NABC) approach. The analytical techniques highlighted in this review were instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques namely gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), radio immuno assay (RIA), yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay, and human breast cancer cell line proliferation (E-screen) assay. The complexity of water samples and their low estrogenic concentrations necessitates the use of highly sensitive instrumental analytical techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS) and non-instrumental analytical techniques (ELISA, RIA, YES assay and E-screen assay) to quantify steroid estrogens. Both instrumental and non-instrumental analytical techniques have their own advantages and limitations. However, the non-instrumental ELISA analytical techniques, thanks to its lower detection limit and simplicity, its rapidity and cost-effectiveness, currently appears to be the most reliable for determining steroid estrogens in water samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods*; Mass Spectrometry/methods
  5. Global and Targeted Proteomics of Prostate Cancer Cell Secretome: Combination of 2-Dimensional Image-Converted Analysis of Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry and In Silico Selection Selected Reaction Monitoring Analysis
    Nurdin A, Hoshi Y, Yoneyama T, Miyauchi E, Tachikawa M, Watanabe M, et al.
    J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;105(11):3440-3452.
    PMID: 27665127 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.013
    Prostate-specific antigen is currently the only protein biomarker routinely used as a diagnostic tool for early detection and treatment monitoring of prostate cancer. However, it remains questionable whether prostate-specific antigen-based screening can sensitively and selectively identify the presence and progression status of primary and metastatic prostate cancers. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify potential biomarker candidates in the secretome of primary and metastatic prostate cancer cells by using a combination of global and targeted proteomics. Quantitative comparisons among secretome proteins derived from androgen-responsive primary cancer cells (P-22Rv1), androgen-irresponsive bone metastatic cancer cells (M-PC-3), and noncancerous prostate cells (N-PNT2) were performed using 2-dimensional image-converted analysis of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry followed by in silico selection selected reaction monitoring analysis. Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 13-like, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, and hepatocyte growth factor were identified as highly secreted proteins from P-22Rv1 cells compared with N-PNT2 cells. Prostate-associated microseminoprotein, proactivator polypeptide, collagen-α-1 (VI) chain, and neuropilin-1 were identified as predominantly secreted proteins in M-PC-3 cells compared with N-PNT2 cells. These proteins in biological fluids are considered to be candidate biomarkers of primary and/or metastatic prostate cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry/methods; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*
  6. Solar photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol with ZnO nanoparticles: optimisation with D-optimal design and study of intermediate mechanisms
    Ba-Abbad MM, Takriff MS, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB, Benamor A, Mohammad AW
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Jan;24(3):2804-2819.
    PMID: 27837474 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8033-y
    In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of toxic pollutant (2-chlorophenol) in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was investigated under solar radiation. The three main factors, namely pH of solution, solar intensity and calcination temperature, were selected in order to examine their effects on the efficiency of the degradation process. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique based on D-optimal design was applied to optimise the process. ANOVA analysis showed that solar intensity and calcination temperature were the two significant factors for degradation efficiency. The optimum conditions in the model were solar intensity at 19.8 W/m(2), calcination temperature at 404 °C and pH of 6.0. The maximum degradation efficiency was predicted to be 90.5% which was in good agreement with the actual experimental value of 93.5%. The fit of the D-optimal design correlated very well with the experimental results with higher values of R (2) and R (2)adj correlation coefficients of 0.9847 and 0.9676, respectively. The intermediate mechanism behaviour of the 2-chlorophenol degradation process was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results confirmed that 2-chlorophenol was converted to acetic acid, a non-toxic compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  7. Fulltext Yield and chemical composition of Citrus essential oils as affected by drying pretreatment of peels
    Kamal, G.M., Anwar, F., Hussain, A.I., Sarri, N., Ashraf, M.Y.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(4):1275-1282.
    MyJurnal
    Citrus peel essential oils have an impressive range of food and medicinal uses. In the present study we investigated the variation in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from fresh, ambient-, and oven-dried peels of three Citrus species namely Citrus reticulata (C. reticulata), Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) and Citrus paradisii (C. paradisii). The hydro-distilled essential oil content from fresh-, ambient-, and oven-dried peels of C. reticulata, C. sinensis and C. paradisii ranged from 0.30-0.50, 0.24-1.07 and 0.20-0.40 g/100 g, respectively. The maximum amount of the oil was determined in oven-dried while the minimum in fresh peel samples. Using GC and GC/MS, a total of 16-27, 17-24 and 18-40 chemical constituents were identified in the peel essential oils of C. reticulate, C. sinensis and C. paradisii, respectively. The content of limonene, the most prevalent chemical constituent, detected in these essential oils, ranged from 64.1-71.1% (C. reticulata), 66.8-80.9% (C. sinensis) and 50.8-65.5% (C. paradisii). The yield and content of most of the chemical components including limonene (the principal chemical compound detected) of the tested essential oils varied significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to drying treatments and species employed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  8. Fulltext Faktor yang mempengaruhi paras kromium dalam kalangan petani di daerah Bachok dan Pasir Puteh, Kelantan
    Nurfariha Firdaus, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Syarif Husin Lubis, Nooraisyah Mansoor, Hidayatul Fathi Othman, Nihayah Mohammad, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2014;12(2):27-31.
    MyJurnal
    Kromium merupakan mineral yang penting dan kofaktor insulin yang memainkan peranan penting sebagai hormon yang membantu dalam regulasi gula dalam darah. Penduduk Kelantan sering dikaitkan dengan pengambilan makanan berasaskan gula. Petani merupakan golongan yang berisiko tinggi kerana pendedahan terhadap pestisid dan pengambilan makanan bergula boleh mempengaruhi paras kromium. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status paras kromium dalam kalangan petani yang terdedah kepada pestisid dan baja kimia di Kelantan. Kajian ini adalah kajian keratan rentas yang dilakukan di Bachok dan Pasir Puteh, Kelantan. Responden adalah seramai 113 petani yang terdedah kepada pestisid atau baja kimia tidak kurang daripada satu tahun. Subjek ditemu bual menggunakan soal selidik pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan (KAP) yang telah divalidasi untuk informasi berkaitan data demografi k. Sampel kuku dan rambut telah dianalisia dengan menggunakan kaedah pencernaan asid dan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS) untuk mendapatkan paras kromium. Hasil kajian menunjukkan 81.4% adalah petani lelaki dan 18.6% adalah perempuan. Paras kromium kuku (125.82 ± 47.81 μg/L) dan rambut (39.63 ± 5.70 μg/L) petani adalah lebih rendah berbanding julat piawai kuku (6200 μg/L) dan rambut (100-2500 μg/L). Tiada perbezaan paras kromium yang signifi kan (p > 0.05) menurut jantina, umur, glukosa darah, tempoh pendedahan pestisid dan pemakanan. Petani yang merokok menunjukkan paras kromium yang lebih rendah (p < 0.05) berbanding petani yang tidak merokok. Kesimpulannya, paras unsur kromium petani di Bachok dan Pasir Puteh adalah rendah berbanding julat normal dan petani harus berhenti merokok kerana merokok akan merendahkan paras kromium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  9. Fulltext Paras selenium, zink dan kromium dalam kalangan pesawah yang terdedah pestisid di mada, perlis dan komuniti nelayan di Mersing, Johor
    Ismarulyusda Ishak, Hidayatulfathi Othman, Nihayah Mohammad, Syarif Husin Lubis, Zariyantey Abdul Hamid, Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2013;11(1):9-13.
    MyJurnal
    Pendedahan terhadap pestisid dapat menyebabkan penurunan paras unsur surih di dalam badan manusia. Unsur surih memainkan peranan penting dalam metabolisma tubuh. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji paras unsur surih selenium, zink dan kromium dalam kalangan pesawah yang terdedah kepada pestisid di Wilayah I, MADA, Perlis. Kajian keratan rentas ini melibatkan 70 orang pesawah dan 57 orang yang tinggal di perkampungan nelayan sebagai kumpulan kawalan yang berumur di antara 21 hingga 80 tahun. Maklumat sosiodemografi pesawah dilakukan melalui temuduga borang soal selidik yang telah divalidasi. Pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan glukosa darah pesawah dilakukan. Paras selenium, zink dan kromium sampel kuku dan rambut dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah penghadaman asid dan mesin Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa paras selenium pada rambut (5.11 ± 17.05 μg/L) dan kuku (4.92 ± 2.17 μg/L) adalah lebih rendah secara signifikannya (p < 0.05) berbanding paras selenium pada rambut (15.67 ± 10.59 μg/L) dan kuku (6.67 ± 2.81 μg/L) kumpulan kawalan. Paras kromium pada rambut (31.83 ± 15.17 μg/L) dan kuku (87.64 ± 23.30 μg/L) kumpulan pesawah juga didapati lebih rendah secara signifikannya (p < 0.05) berbanding paras kromium pada rambut (85.19 ± 56.90 μg/L) dan kuku (99.36 ± 56.89 μg/L) pada kumpulan kawalan. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan paras unsur surih yang signifikan (p > 0.05) menurut tempoh pendedahan pestisid. Kesimpulannya, paras selenium dan kromium pada kuku dan rambut pesawah yang terdedah kepada pestisid adalah lebih rendah berbanding kumpulan komuniti nelayan.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  10. Fulltext NMF-Based Approach for Missing Values Imputation of Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Data
    Xu J, Wang Y, Xu X, Cheng KK, Raftery D, Dong J
    Molecules, 2021 Sep 24;26(19).
    PMID: 34641330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195787
    In mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics, missing values (NAs) may be due to different causes, including sample heterogeneity, ion suppression, spectral overlap, inappropriate data processing, and instrumental errors. Although a number of methodologies have been applied to handle NAs, NA imputation remains a challenging problem. Here, we propose a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based method for NA imputation in MS-based metabolomics data, which makes use of both global and local information of the data. The proposed method was compared with three commonly used methods: k-nearest neighbors (kNN), random forest (RF), and outlier-robust (ORI) missing values imputation. These methods were evaluated from the perspectives of accuracy of imputation, retrieval of data structures, and rank of imputation superiority. The experimental results showed that the NMF-based method is well-adapted to various cases of data missingness and the presence of outliers in MS-based metabolic profiles. It outperformed kNN and ORI and showed results comparable with the RF method. Furthermore, the NMF method is more robust and less susceptible to outliers as compared with the RF method. The proposed NMF-based scheme may serve as an alternative NA imputation method which may facilitate biological interpretations of metabolomics data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  11. Fulltext The effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation on the ovarian metabolome and the quality of oocyte in aging mice
    Norrabiátul Adawiyah, A., Teh, L.K., Fathimah, M., Nuraliza, A.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):54-69.
    MyJurnal
    Penuaan ovari telah dikaitkan dengan tekanan oksidatif dan kehilangan fungsi ovari. Tokotrienol telah dibuktikan dapat memberi kesan yang baik terhadap sistem pembiakan wanita. Walau bagaimanapun, peranan tokotrienol ke atas metabolisma ovari dan seterusnya peningkatan kualiti oosit dalam mencit tua masih tidak diketahui. Oleh itu, hubungan antara perubahan aktiviti metabolik dalam ovari dan kualiti oosit dalam mencit tua selepas suplementasi fraksi kaya tokotrienol (TRF) telah dikaji. Mencit betina berusia enam minggu digunakan sebagai kumpulan Muda. Mencit betina berusia enam bulan dibahagikan kepada empat kumpulan iaitu kumpulan pertama yang diberikan minyak jagung-bebas tokoferol (kawalan) manakala tiga kumpulan yang lain diberi suplimen TRF pada dos 90, 120, dan 150 mg/kg. Rawatan diberikan secara oral selama dua bulan. Pada akhir rawatan, mencit dari semua kumpulan disuperovulasi dan kemudian dikorbankan. Kualiti oosit dinilai dan analisis metabolomik secara tidak disasarkan, pada tisu ovari dijalankan dengan menggunakan 'liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of quadrupole time-of-flight' (LC-MS Q-TOF). Peratusan oosit normal adalah lebih tinggi (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  12. Biological treatment of produced water in a sequencing batch reactor by a consortium of isolated halophilic microorganisms
    Pendashteh AR, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Chuah TG, Radiah AB, Madaeni SS, Zurina ZA
    Environ Technol, 2010 Oct;31(11):1229-39.
    PMID: 21046953 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003646612
    Produced water or oilfield wastewater is the largest volume ofa waste stream associated with oil and gas production. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological pretreatment of synthetic and real produced water in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to remove hydrocarbon compounds. The SBR was inoculated with isolated tropical halophilic microorganisms capable of degrading crude oil. A total sequence of 24 h (60 min filling phase; 21 h aeration; 60 min settling and 60 min decant phase) was employed and studied. Synthetic produced water was treated with various organic loading rates (OLR) (0.9 kg COD m(-3) d(-1), 1.8 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and 3.6 kg COD m(-3) d(-1)) and different total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration (35,000 mg L(-1), 100,000 mg L(-1), 150,000 mg L(-1), 200,000 mg L(-1) and 250,000 mg L(-1)). It was found that with an OLR of 0.9 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and 1.8 kg COD m(-3) d(-1), average oil and grease (O&G) concentrations in the effluent were 7 mg L(-1) and 12 mg L(-1), respectively. At TDS concentration of 35,000 mg L(-1) and at an OLR of 1.8 kg COD m(-3)d(-1), COD and O&G removal efficiencies were more than 90%. However, with increase in salt content to 250,000 mg L(-1), COD and O&G removal efficiencies decreased to 74% and 63%, respectively. The results of biological treatment of real produced water showed that the removal rates of the main pollutants of wastewater, such as COD, TOC and O&G, were above 81%, 83%, and 85%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  13. Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) of Interacting Prey Proteins with FLAG- and HA-Tagged Bait Proteins
    Low TY, Lee PY
    Methods Mol Biol, 2023;2690:69-80.
    PMID: 37450137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3327-4_6
    Proteins often interact with each other to form complexes and play functional roles in almost all cellular processes. The study of protein-protein interactions is therefore critical to understand protein function and biological pathways. Affinity Purification coupled with Mass Spectrometry (AP-MS) is an invaluable technique for identifying the interaction partners in protein complexes. In this approach, the protein of interest is fused to an affinity tag, followed by the expression and purification of the fusion protein. The affinity-purified sample is then analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify the interaction partners of the bait proteins. In this chapter, we detail the protocol for tandem affinity purification (TAP) based on the use of the FLAG (a fusion tag with peptide sequence DYKDDDDK) and hemagglutinin (HA) peptide epitopes. The immunoprecipitation using dual-affinity tags offers the advantage of increasing the specificity of the purification with lower nonspecific-background interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  14. Development of a single-run liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for the detection of 11 multiclass contaminants of emerging concern using a direct filtration method
    Razak MR, Aris AZ, Sukatis FF, Zaki MRM, Zainuddin AH, Haron DEM, et al.
    J Sep Sci, 2023 Jan;46(1):e2200282.
    PMID: 36337037 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200282
    In toxicological analysis, the analytical validation method is important to assess the exact risk of contaminants of emerging concern in the environment. Syringe filters are mainly used to remove impurities from sample solutions. However, the loss of analyte to the syringe filter could be considerable, causing an underestimate of the analyte concentrations. The current study develops and validates simultaneous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis using a direct filtration method to detect four groups of contaminants of emerging concern. The adsorption of the analyte onto three different matrices and six types of syringe filters is reported. The lowest adsorption of analytes was observed in methanol (16.72%), followed by deionized water (48.19%) and filtered surface lake water (48.94%). Irrespective of the type of the matrices, the lowest average adsorption by the syringe filter was observed in the 0.45 μm polypropylene membrane (15.15%), followed by the 0.20 μm polypropylene membrane (16.10%), the 0.20 μm regenerated cellulose (16.15%), the 0.20 μm polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (47.38%), the 0.45 μm nylon membrane (64.87%) and the 0.20 μm nylon membrane (71.30%). In conclusion, the recommended syringe filter membranes for contaminants of emerging concern analysis are polypropylene membranes and regenerated cellulose, regardless of the matrix used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  15. Fulltext Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and Levodopa Regulate Proteins Involved in Parkinson's Disease-Associated Pathways in Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells: Insights from Quantitative Proteomic Analysis
    Magalingam KB, Ramdas P, Somanath SD, Selvaduray KR, Bhuvanendran S, Radhakrishnan AK
    Nutrients, 2022 Nov 03;14(21).
    PMID: 36364894 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214632
    Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), a palm oil-derived vitamin E fraction, is reported to possess potent neuroprotective effects. However, the modulation of proteomes in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (diff-neural cells) by TRF has not yet been reported. This study aims to investigate the proteomic changes implicated by TRF in human neural cells using a label-free liquid-chromatography-double mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Levodopa, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), was used as a drug control. The human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were differentiated for six days and treated with TRF or levodopa for 24 h prior to quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of 81 and 57 proteins were differentially expressed in diff-neural cells following treatment with TRF or levodopa, respectively. Among these proteins, 32 similar proteins were detected in both TRF and levodopa-treated neural cells, with 30 of these proteins showing similar expression pattern. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that most of the proteins regulated by TRF and levodopa are key players in the ubiquitin-proteasome, calcium signalling, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial pathway and axonal transport system. In conclusion, TRF is an essential functional food that affects differential protein expression in human neuronal cells at the cellular and molecular levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  16. Phenolic content of Terminalia catappa L. leaf and toxicity evaluation on red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
    Yakubu Y, Ahmad MT, Chong CM, Ismail IS, Shaari K
    J Fish Biol, 2023 Feb;102(2):358-372.
    PMID: 36333916 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15266
    Despite the use of Terminalia catappa (TC) leaf by traditional fish farmers around the world to improve the health status of cultured fish, there is a paucity of information on comprehensive metabolite profile and the maximum safe dose of the plant. This study aims at profiling the methanol leaf extract of T. catappa, quantifying total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the total flavonoid content (TFC) and evaluating its acute toxicity on blood, plasma biochemical parameters and histopathology of some vital organs in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The experimental fish were acclimatised for 2 weeks and divided into six groups. Group (1) served as a control group and was administered 0.2 ml,g-1 of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Groups 2-6 were orally administered T. catappa leaf extracts (0.2 ml.50 g-1 ) in the following sequence; 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 body weight. The metabolites identified in T. catappa using liquid chromatography-tandem mass electrospray ionisation spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) revealed the presence of organic acids, hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Phenolic quantification revealed reasonable quantity of phenolic compounds (217.48 μg GAEmg-1 for TPC and 91.90 μg. QCEmg-1 for TFC). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in all the tested doses in terms of blood parameters and plasma biochemical analysis except for the packed cell volume (PCV) at 500 mg.kg-1 when compared to the control. Significant histopathological changes were observed in groups administered with the extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 doses. To a very large extent it is therefore safe to administer the extract at 31.25 and 62.5 mg.kg-1 in tilapia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  17. Fulltext Detection of Pork in Beef Meatballs Using LC-HRMS Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Chemometrics for Halal Authentication
    Windarsih A, Riswanto FDO, Bakar NKA, Yuliana ND, Dachriyanus, Rohman A
    Molecules, 2022 Nov 29;27(23).
    PMID: 36500423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238325
    Adulteration of high-quality meat products using lower-priced meats, such as pork, is a crucial issue that could harm consumers. The consumption of pork is strictly forbidden in certain religions, such as Islam and Judaism. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) combined with chemometrics for analysis of pork in beef meatballs for halal authentication. We investigated the use of non-targeted LC-HRMS as a method to detect such food adulteration. As a proof of concept using six technical replicates of pooled samples from beef and pork meat, we could show that metabolomics using LC-HRMS could be used for high-throughput screening of metabolites in meatballs made from beef and pork. Chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) was successfully used to differentiate beef meatballs and pork meatball samples. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) clearly discriminated between halal and non-halal beef meatball samples with 100% accuracy. Orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) perfectly discriminated and classified meatballs made from beef, pork, and a mixture of beef-pork with a good level of fitness (R2X = 0.88, R2Y = 0.71) and good predictivity (Q2 = 0.55). Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) were successfully applied to predict the concentration of pork present in beef meatballs with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99) and high precision. Thirty-five potential metabolite markers were identified through VIP (variable important for projections) analysis. Metabolites of 1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, acetyl-l-carnitine, dl-carnitine, anserine, hypoxanthine, linoleic acid, and prolylleucine had important roles for predicting pork in beef meatballs through S-line plot analysis. It can be concluded that a combination of untargeted metabolomics using LC-HRMS and chemometrics is promising to be developed as a standard analytical method for halal authentication of highly processed meat products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Spectrometry
  18. Decomplexation proteomic analysis and purity assessment of a biologic for snakebite envenoming: Philippine Cobra Antivenom
    Palasuberniam P, Tan KY, Chan YW, Blanco FB, Tan CH
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2023 Jun 02;117(6):428-434.
    PMID: 36611268 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac125
    BACKGROUND: Philippine Cobra Antivenom (PCAV) is the only snake antivenom manufactured in the Philippines. It is used clinically to treat envenoming caused by the Philippine Spitting Cobra (Naja philippinensis). While PCAV is effective pharmacologically, it is crucial to ensure the safety profile of this biologic that is derived from animal plasma.

    METHODS: This study examined the composition purity of PCAV through a decomplexation proteomic approach, applying size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and tandem mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

    RESULTS: SDS-PAGE and SEC showed that the major protein in PCAV (constituting ∼80% of total proteins) is approximately 110 kDa, consistent with the F(ab')2 molecule. This protein is reducible into two subunits suggestive of the light and heavy chains of immunoglobulin G. LC-MS/MS further identified the proteins as equine immunoglobulins, representing the key therapeutic ingredient of this biologic product. However, protein impurities, including fibrinogens, alpha-2-macroglobulins, albumin, transferrin, fibronectin and plasminogen, were detected at ∼20% of the total antivenom proteins, unveiling a concern for hypersensitivity reactions.

    CONCLUSIONS: Together, the findings show that PCAV contains a favorable content of F(ab')2 for neutralization, while the antibody purification process awaits improvement to minimize the presence of protein impurities.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  19. Proteomic characterization of Pseudogymnoascus spp. isolates from polar and temperate regions
    Abu Bakar N, Chung BLY, Smykla J, Karsani SA, Alias SA
    Mycologia, 2024;116(3):449-463.
    PMID: 38484286 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2313429
    Proteomics has been used extensively in the field of mycology, mainly in trying to understand the complex network of protein-protein interactions that has been implicated in the molecular functions of fungi. It is also a useful tool to compare metabolic differences within a genus. Species of Pseudogymnoascus, a genus under the phyla Ascomycota, have been shown to play an important role in the soil environment. They have been found in both polar and temperate regions and are a known producer of many extracellular hydrolases that contribute to soil decomposition. Despite the apparent importance of Pseudogymnoascus spp. in the soil ecosystem, investigations into their molecular functions are still very limited. In the present study, proteomic characterization of six Pseudogymnoascus spp. isolated from three biogeographic regions (the Arctic, Antarctic, and temperate regions) was carried out using tandem mass spectrometry. Prior to proteomic analysis, the optimization for protein extraction was carried out. Trichloroacetic acid‑acetone‑phenol was found to be the best extraction method to be used for proteomic profiling of Pseudogymnoascus spp. The proteomic analysis identified 2003 proteins that were successfully mapped to the UniProtKB database. The identified proteins were clustered according to their biological processes and molecular functions. The shared proteins found in all Pseudogymnoascus spp. (1201 proteins) showed a significantly close relationship in their basic cellular functions, despite differences in morphological structures. Analysis of Pseudogymnoascus spp. proteome also identified proteins that were unique to each region. However, a high number of these proteins belonged to protein families of similar molecular functions, namely, transferases and hydrolases. Our proteomic data can be used as a reference for Pseudogymnoascus spp. across different global regions and a foundation for future soil ecosystem function research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  20. Fulltext Untargeted metabolomics study of mature human milk from women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus
    Yao D, Shen C, Zhang X, Tang J, Yu J, Tu M, et al.
    Food Chem, 2024 Dec 01;460(Pt 3):140663.
    PMID: 39142199 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140663
    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy that alters the metabolites in human milk. Integrated Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) were employed for comprehensive identification and comparison of metabolites in mature human milk (MHM) from women with and without GDM. A total of 268 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified. Among these, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, 9R-HODE and L-glutamic acid were significantly elevated and 12,13-DHOME was significantly decreased in MHM of women with GDM. These metabolites are significantly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism and ABC transporters pathways. Disorders in these metabolic pathways are associated with insulin resistance and poor glucose metabolism indicating these conditions may persist postpartum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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