Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 403 in total

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  1. A child with elbow pain
    Mat Yudin ZA, Wan Ahmed WA, Chanmekun SB
    Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(2):44-45.
    PMID: 31827738
    Elbow injuries are common in children. Supracondylar fractures occurred in 16% of all pediatric fractures. Supracondylar fractures can be classified into 4 types according to the Gartland classification, depending on the degree of the fracture present in the lateral radiograph. This case highlights the case of a child with a Gartland Type I fracture. A misdiagnosis of this fracture will compromise the management of the injury with regards to immobilization and subsequent care. As this injury can be managed on an outpatient basis, primary care frontliners need to be aware of the condition.
  2. Fulltext Mutation analysis of the BRCA1 gene in Malaysian breast cancer patients
    Balraj P, Khoo AS, Volpi L, Tan JA, Nair S, Abdullah H
    Singapore Med J, 2002 Apr;43(4):194-7.
    PMID: 12188064
    Thirty patients with early onset breast cancer or familial breast cancer from Malaysia were analysed for germline mutation in the early onset breast cancer I gene (BRCA1). Direct sequencing of the entire coding region of BRCA1 identified a frameshift mutation, c.5447-5448insC (insC5447) (codon 1776 of exon 21) in a patient aged 32 of the Malay ethnic origin, who had no family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Eight polymorphisms (2201C > T, 2430T > C, P871L, E1038G, K1183R, 4427T > C, S1613G and IVS8-57delT) were identified in the samples tested.
  3. Fulltext The predictors of early infection after an acute ischaemic stroke
    Hamidon BB, Raymond AA, Norlinah MI, Jefferelli SB
    Singapore Med J, 2003 Jul;44(7):344-6.
    PMID: 14620725
    Infection is a frequent complication after an acute stroke and may affect stroke outcome. We identified predictors of early infection, type of infection, their relation to initial disability, and the eventual outcome during the inpatient period.
  4. Stunting and food insecurity among children from low socioeconomic family during COVID-19 pandemic in urban area in Selangor
    Hamid SBA, Denil NM, Ismail NA, Mauludyani AVR
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(Suppl 1):53-58.
    PMID: 38555886
    INTRODUCTION: Food insecurity is often link with nutritional status. An increased rate of food insecurity can have a severe impact on children's growth. During the COVID-19 outbreak, little is known regarding its effect on food security and nutritional status, especially concerning vulnerable groups such as children. The purpose of this study was to assess household food security status, children's nutritional status along with their association, and the determinants of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 in urban areas in Selangor among children aged less than two years old from B40 households using purposive sampling through both online surveys and face-to-face interviews. There were 112 children aged < 2 years old from B40 households participating in this study. The data obtained on maternal sociodemographic, Household Food Insecurity Scale (HFIAS), and children's anthropometric measurements were analysed by using the WHO Anthro Survey, descriptive analysis, Person's Chisquare test and Fischer's exact test.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of food insecurity was more significant than the prevalence of food secured, at 55.4% and 44.6% respectively. The stunting among the children rated at 34.8%, followed by 7.2% of the sample found underweight, 7.8% (BAZ) and 16.1% (BAZ) of them were wasted, and overweight & obese, proportionately. This study discovered that household size was the sole determinant of household food security status. This finding suggested that size of a household influenced the odds of a household being food insecure.

    CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide insights into how the COVID-19 pandemic have an impact on children's nutritional status especially those from low-income and bigger size households. Therefore, more thorough and effective interventions should be designed particularly targeting this urban poor community to enhance their nutritional status and health.

  5. Risk factors for hypoxemia and respiratory failure in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
    Chan PW, Lok FY, Khatijah SB
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2002 Dec;33(4):806-10.
    PMID: 12757230
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a common infection in young children and may result in hospitalization. We examined the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, hypoxemia and respiratory failure in 216 children aged < 24 months admitted consecutively for proven RSV bronchiolitis. Hypoxemia was defined as SpO2 < 90% in room air and severe RSV bronchiolitis requiring intubation and ventilation was categorized as respiratory failure. Corrected age at admission was used for premature children (gestation < 37 weeks). Hypoxemia was suffered by 31 (14.3%) children. It was more likely to occur in children who were Malay (OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.05-6.23, p=0.03) or premature (OR 6.72, 95%CI 2.69-16.78, p<0.01). Hypoxemia was also more likely to develop in children with failure to thrive (OR 2.96, 95%CI 1.28-6.82, p<0.01). The seven (3.2%) children who were both premature (OR 11.94, 95%CI 2.50-56.99, p<0.01) and failure to thrive (OR 6.41, 95%CI 1.37-29.87, p=0.02) were more likely to develop respiratory failure. Prematurity was the only significant risk factor for hypoxemia and respiratory failure by logistic regression analysis (OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.06-1.55, p<0.01 and OR 1.14 95%CI 1.02-2.07, p=0.02 respectively). Prematurity was the single most important risk factor for both hypoxemia and respiratory failure in RSV bronchiolitis.
  6. Fulltext Mechanisms of Diabetes-Induced Liver Damage: The role of oxidative stress and inflammation
    Mohamed J, Nazratun Nafizah AH, Zariyantey AH, Budin SB
    Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J, 2016 May;16(2):e132-41.
    PMID: 27226903 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.16.02.002
    Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that occurs in both developed and developing countries. This metabolic disease affects all systems in the body, including the liver. Hyperglycaemia, mainly caused by insulin resistance, affects the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can further progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and, finally, hepatocellular carcinomas. The underlying mechanism of diabetes that contributes to liver damage is the combination of increased oxidative stress and an aberrant inflammatory response; this activates the transcription of pro-apoptotic genes and damages hepatocytes. Significant involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines-including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α-exacerbates the accumulation of oxidative damage products in the liver, such as malondialdehyde, fluorescent pigments and conjugated dienes. This review summarises the biochemical, histological and macromolecular changes that contribute to oxidative liver damage among diabetic individuals.
  7. Fulltext Fixatives increase the efficacy of gel formulations containing piper aduncum linnaeus (piperales: piperaceae) essential oil as repellenty
    Mamood, S. N. H., Budin, S. B., Ahmad Rohi, G., Hidayatulfathi, O., Kalaivany, M., Zulfakar, M. H.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2019;17(1):9-15.
    MyJurnal
    Piper aduncum essential oil exhibit repellency activity and has a potential to be use as an alternative for synthetic repellent such as N,N-diethyl-3- methylbenzamide, (DEET). However, the volatility properties of the essential oil decrease their persistence as a topical repellent. Study has shown that formulation of the essential oil with some fixatives may increase their effectiveness. Therefore, this study was conduct to evaluate the effectiveness of gel formulation containing P. aduncum essential oil with two fixative; vanillin and paraffin oil. Gel formulations containing P. aduncum essential oil with 5% and 10% vanillin and 6% paraffin oil was prepared and tested against Aedes aegypti in laboratory using Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) bioassay method. After 240 minute post-application, formulation containing 5% and 10% vanillin was able to provide >70% repellency percentage against mosquito while formulation containing 6% paraffin oil gives
  8. Fulltext Knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis among multi ethnic people attending the orthopaedic clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
    Zaris SNABSM, Ahmad MSB, Mohamed SZB, Shuid ANB, Mohamed INB, Mokhtar SAB
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(3):166-175.
    Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country with an osteoporosis prevalence of 24.1% in 2005. Only few study reported on osteoporosis awareness. Aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge regarding osteoporosis among persons attending orthopaedic clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 368 participants (male and female) aged 20 years old or older, was assessed using the Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ). The mean total OPQ score was 1.7 (SD ± 3.08; range -5 to 9; maximum possible score 20). Subjects with family history of osteoporosis and high education level were found to have significantly higher OPQ scores (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) with respect to different age groups, gender, ethnicities, and menopausal status. The main source of osteoporosis knowledge was magazine/newspaper (45.9%). An overall low score indicates that new strategies to increase awareness of osteoporosis among the public is urgently required.
  9. Fulltext Response surface optimisation and antioxidant characterisation of high antioxidant soft jelly prepared from Baccaurea angulata fruit juice and Trigona sp. honey using central composite design
    Mat Alewi, N. A., Ibrahim, M., Md Isa, M. L., Abdull Rasad, M. S. B., Abdul Rafa, A. A., Anuar, M. N. N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(3):454-464.
    MyJurnal
    The optimum combination of Baccaurea angulata fruit juice (X1: 15 - 85 ratio) and Trigona sp. honey (TH) (X2: 15 - 85 ratio) in developing a high antioxidant soft jelly was investigated based
    on the antioxidant capacity (Y1), phenolic (Y2), and flavonoid (Y3) content. Response surface
    methodology (RSM), via central composite design (CCD), was used to produce optimal combination effects of the two independent variables (B. angulata fruit juice and TH) for highest
    recovery of antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content
    (TFC). The polynomial models generated were satisfactory. The lack-of-fit test were higher
    than p > 0.05 for all three analyses, signifying the suitability of the models in accurately predicting the variations. Predicted values of the analysis agreed with those of the experimental values.
    An optimum combination of B. angulata fruit juice and TH was developed (ratio 40:40). The
    sample also exhibited significant FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Several
    polyphenols were identified for the samples through UHPLC-MS/MS. In conclusion, B. angulata and Trigona sp. honey have high potentials to be used in fortifying the soft jelly samples,
    making them prospective food supplements due to their nutritional and health benefits.
  10. Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 alleviates stress and anxiety in adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    Chong HX, Yusoff NAA, Hor YY, Lew LC, Jaafar MH, Choi SB, et al.
    Benef Microbes, 2019 Apr 19;10(4):355-373.
    PMID: 30882244 DOI: 10.3920/BM2018.0135
    Probiotics have been reported to exert beneficial effects along the gut-brain axis. This randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled human study aimed to evaluate such properties of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 and its accompanying mechanisms in stressed adults. One hundred and eleven (n=111; DR7 n=56, placebo n=55) stressed adults were recruited based on moderate stress levels using the PSS-10 questionnaire. The consumption of DR7 (1×109 cfu/day) for 12 weeks reduced symptoms of stress (P=0.024), anxiety (P=0.001), and total psychological scores (P=0.022) as early as 8 weeks among stressed adults compared to the placebo group as assessed by the DASS-42 questionnaire. Plasma cortisol level was reduced among DR7 subjects as compared to the placebo, accompanied by reduced plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and transforming growth factor-α and increased plasma anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (P<0.05). DR7 better improved cognitive and memory functions in normal adults (>30 years old), such as basic attention, emotional cognition, and associate learning (P<0.05), as compared to the placebo and young adults (<30 years old). The administration of DR7 enhanced the serotonin pathway, as observed by lowered expressions of plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase accompanied by increased expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-6, while stabilising the dopamine pathway as observed via stabilised expressions of TH and DBH over 12 weeks as compared to the placebo (P<0.05). Our results indicated that DR7 fulfil the requirement of a probiotic strain as per recommendation of FAO/WHO and could be applicable as a natural strategy to improve psychological functions, cognitive health and memory in stressed adults.
  11. Fulltext Cost-benefit analysis and emission reduction of energy efficient lighting at the Universiti Tenaga Nasional
    Ganandran GS, Mahlia TM, Ong HC, Rismanchi B, Chong WT
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:745894.
    PMID: 25133258 DOI: 10.1155/2014/745894
    This paper reports the result of an investigation on the potential energy saving of the lighting systems at selected buildings of the Universiti Tenaga Nasional. The scope of this project includes evaluation of the lighting system in the Library, Admin Building, College of Engineering, College of Information Technology, Apartments, and COE Food court of the university. The main objectives of this project are to design the proper retrofit scenario and to calculate the potential electricity saving, the payback period, and the potential environmental benefits. In this survey the policy for retrofitting the old lighting system with the new energy saving LEDs starts with 10% for the first year and continues constantly for 10 years until all the lighting systems have been replaced. The result of the life cycle analysis reveals that after four years, the selected buildings will bring profit for the investment.
  12. Prenylated xanthones from mangosteen as promising cholinesterase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies
    Khaw KY, Choi SB, Tan SC, Wahab HA, Chan KL, Murugaiyah V
    Phytomedicine, 2014 Sep 25;21(11):1303-9.
    PMID: 25172794 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.06.017
    Garcinia mangostana is a well-known tropical plant found mostly in South East Asia. The present study investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of G. mangostana extract and its chemical constituents using Ellman's colorimetric method. Cholinesterase inhibitory-guided approach led to identification of six bioactive prenylated xanthones showing moderate to potent cholinesterases inhibition with IC50 values of lower than 20.5 μM. The most potent inhibitor of AChE was garcinone C while γ-mangostin was the most potent inhibitor of BChE with IC50 values of 1.24 and 1.78 μM, respectively. Among the xanthones, mangostanol, 3-isomangostin, garcinone C and α-mangostin are AChE selective inhibitors, 8-deoxygartanin is a BChE selective inhibitor while γ-mangostin is a dual inhibitor. Preliminary structure-activity relationship suggests the importance of the C-8 prenyl and C-7 hydroxy groups for good AChE and BChE inhibitory activities. The enzyme kinetic studies indicate that both α-mangostin and garcinone C are mixed-mode inhibitors, while γ-mangostin is a non-competitive inhibitor of AChE. In contrast, both γ-mangostin and garcinone C are uncompetitive inhibitors, while α-mangostin is a mixed-mode inhibitor of BChE. Molecular docking studies revealed that α-mangostin, γ-mangostin and garcinone C interacts differently with the five important regions of AChE and BChE. The nature of protein-ligand interactions is mainly hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding. These bioactive prenylated xanthones are worthy for further investigations.
  13. Fulltext Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine "drug mules" on digital plain radiography
    Abdul Rashid SN, Mohamad Saini SB, Abdul Hamid S, Muhammad SJ, Mahmud R, Thali MJ, et al.
    Br J Radiol, 2014 Apr;87(1036):20130472.
    PMID: 24472728 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130472
    The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (MA) internal payloads in "drug mules" by plain abdominal digital radiography (DR).
  14. Fulltext Penetrating injury to the head: case reviews
    Regunath K, Awang S, Siti SB, Premananda MR, Tan WM, Haron RH
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):622-4.
    PMID: 23770960 MyJurnal
    Penetrating injury to the head is considered a form of severe traumatic brain injury. Although uncommon, most neurosurgical centres would have experienced treating patients with such an injury. Despite the presence of well written guidelines for managing these cases, surgical treatment requires an individualized approach tailored to the situation at hand. We describe a collection of three cases of non-missile penetrating head injury which were managed in two main Neurosurgical centres within Malaysia and the unique management approaches for each of these cases.
  15. Fulltext Development of swine-specific DNA markers for biosensor-based halal authentication
    Ali ME, Hashim U, Kashif M, Mustafa S, Che Man YB, Abd Hamid SB
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(2):1762-72.
    PMID: 22843053 DOI: 10.4238/2012.June.29.9
    The pig (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome was targeted to design short (15-30 nucleotides) DNA markers that would be suitable for biosensor-based hybridization detection of target DNA. Short DNA markers are reported to survive harsh conditions in which longer ones are degraded into smaller fragments. The whole swine mitochondrial-genome was in silico digested with AluI restriction enzyme. Among 66 AluI fragments, five were selected as potential markers because of their convenient lengths, high degree of interspecies polymorphism and intraspecies conservatism. These were confirmed by NCBI blast analysis and ClustalW alignment analysis with 11 different meat-providing animal and fish species. Finally, we integrated a tetramethyl rhodamine-labeled 18-nucleotide AluI fragment into a 3-nm diameter citrate-tannate coated gold nanoparticle to develop a swine-specific hybrid nanobioprobe for the determination of pork adulteration in 2.5-h autoclaved pork-beef binary mixtures. This hybrid probe detected as low as 1% pork in deliberately contaminated autoclaved pork-beef binary mixtures and no cross-species detection was recorded, demonstrating the feasibility of this type of probe for biosensor-based detection of pork adulteration of halal and kosher foods.
  16. Bovine serum albumin: survival and osmolarity effect in bovine spermatozoa stored above freezing point
    Nang CF, Osman K, Budin SB, Ismail MI, Jaffar FH, Mohamad SF, et al.
    Andrologia, 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:447-53.
    PMID: 21806660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01203.x
    Liquid nitrogen preservation in remote farms is a limitation. The goal of this study was to determine optimum temperature above freezing point for bovine spermatozoa preservation using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a supplementation. Pooled semen sample from three ejaculates was subjected to various BSA concentration (1, 4, 8 and 12 mg ml(-1)), before incubation in different above freezing point temperatures (4, 25 and 37 °C). Viability assessment was carried out against time from day 0 (fresh sample) until all spermatozoa become nonviable. Optimal condition for bovine spermatozoa storage was at 4 °C with 1 mg ml(-1) BSA for almost 7 days. BSA improved bovine spermatozoa viability declining rate to 44.28% at day 4 and 57.59% at day 7 compared to control, with 80.54% and 98.57% at day 4 and 7 respectively. Increase in BSA concentration did not improve sperm viability. Our results also confirmed that there was a strong negative correlation between media osmolarity and bovine spermatozoa survival rate with r = 0.885, P < 0.0001. Bovine serum albumin helps to improve survival rate of bovine spermatozoa stored above freezing point.
  17. Determination of fast neutron flux distribution in irradiation sites of the Malaysian Nuclear Agency research reactor
    Yavar AR, Sarmani SB, Wood AK, Fadzil SM, Radir MH, Khoo KS
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2011 May;69(5):762-7.
    PMID: 21295987 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.01.005
    Determination of thermal to fast neutron flux ratio (f(fast)) and fast neutron flux (ϕ(fast)) is required for fast neutron reactions, fast neutron activation analysis, and for correcting interference reactions. The f(fast) and subsequently ϕ(fast) were determined using the absolute method. The f(fast) ranged from 48 to 155, and the ϕ(fast) was found in the range 1.03×10(10)-4.89×10(10) n cm(-2) s(-1). These values indicate an acceptable conformity and applicable for installation of the fast neutron facility at the MNA research reactor.
  18. The BigSib students' peer group mentoring programme
    Yusoff MS, Rahim AF, Noor AR, Yaacob NA, Hussin ZA
    Med Educ, 2009 Nov;43(11):1106.
    PMID: 19874517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03459.x
  19. Indoor air pollution evaluation with emphasize on HDI and biological assessment of HDA in the polyurethane factories
    Mirmohammadi M, Hakimi Ibrahim M, Ahmad A, Kadir MO, Mohammadyan M, Mirashrafi SB
    Environ Monit Assess, 2010 Jun;165(1-4):341-7.
    PMID: 19444630 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0950-5
    Today, many raw materials used in factories may have a dangerous effect on the physiological system of workers. One of them which is widely used in the polyurethane factories is diisocyanates. These compounds are widely used in surface coatings, polyurethane foams, adhesives, resins, elastomers, binders, and sealants. Exposure to diisocyanates causes irritation to the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, and respiratory tract. Hexamethylene diamine (HDA) is metabolite of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). It is an excretory material by worker's urine who is exposed to HDI. Around 100 air samples were collected from five defined factories by midget impinger which contained dimethyl sulfoxide absorbent as a solvent and tryptamine as reagent. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with EC\UV detector using NIOSH 5522 method of sampling. Also, 50 urine samples collected from workers were also analyzed using William's biological analysis method. The concentration of HDI into all air samples were more than 88 microg/m(3), and they have shown high concentration of pollutant in the workplaces in comparison with NIOSH standard, and all of the workers' urine were contaminated by HDA. The correlation and regression test were used to obtain statistical model for HDI and HDA, which is useful for the prediction of diisocyanates pollution situation in the polyurethane factories.
  20. Fulltext Evaluation of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as an indoor air pollutant and biological assessment of methylene dianiline in the polyurethane factories
    Mirmohammadi M, Ibrahim MH, Ahmad A, Kadir MO, Mohammadyan M, Mirashrafi SB
    Indian J Occup Environ Med, 2009 Apr;13(1):38-42.
    PMID: 20165612 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.50723
    Today many raw materials used in factories may have a dangerous effect on the physiological system of workers. One of them, which is widely used in the polyurethane factories, is diisocyanates. These compounds are widely used in surface coatings, polyurethane foams, adhesives, resins, elastomers, binders, and sealants. Exposure to diisocyanates causes irritation to the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, and respiratory tract. Methylene dianiline (MDA) is a metabolite of methylene diphenyle diisocyanate (MDI), an excretory material of worker's urine who are exposed to MDI. Around 100 air samples were collected among five factories by the Midget Impinger, which contained DMSO absorbent as a solvent and Tryptamine as a reagent. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with an EC\UV detector using the NIOSH 5522 method of sampling and analysis. Also, fifty urine samples were collected from workers by using William's biological analysis method. The concentration of MDI in all air samples was more than 88 mug/m(3), showing a high concentration of the pollutant in the workplaces in comparison with the NIOSH standard, and all the worker's urine was contaminated by MDA. The correlation and regression tests were used to obtain statistical model for MDI and MDA that is useful for prediction of diisocyanates pollution situation in the polyurethane factories.
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