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Carbon dioxide sequestration of iron ore mining waste under low-reaction condition of a direct mineral carbonation process

Kusin FM, Hasan SNMS, Molahid VLM, Yusuff FM, Jusop S

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Feb;30(9):22188-22210.
PMID: 36282383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23677-3

Mining waste that is rich in iron-, calcium- and magnesium-bearing minerals can be a potential feedstock for sequestering CO2 by mineral carbonation. This study highlights the utilization of iron ore mining waste in sequestering CO2 under low-reaction condition of a mineral carbonation process. Alkaline iron mining waste was used as feedstock for aqueous mineral carbonation and was subjected to mineralogical, chemical, and thermal analyses. A carbonation experiment was performed at ambient CO2 pressure, temperature of 80 °C at 1-h exposure time under the influence of pH (8-12) and particle size (

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/chemistry
Construction of trace element in coal of china database management system: based on WebGIS

Liu Yang, Xue Bai, Yinjie Hu, Qiqi Wang, Jun Deng

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2195-2204.

The combination of geographic information system and mineral energy data management is helpful to promote the study of mineral energy and its ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by its development and utilization, which has important application value. The Trace Elements in Coal of China Database Management System (TECC) is established in this paper, applying the techniques of B/S three-layer structure, Oracle database, AJAX and WebGIS. TECC is the first database system which aims at managing the data of trace elements in coal in China. It includes data management and analysis module, document management module, trace elements in coal data maintenance module and authority management module. The data entry specification is put forward in the present study and the spatial data is included in TECC system. The system achieves the functions of data query, analysis, management, maintenance and map browsing, thematic map drawing as well as satellite video display, which lay the foundation for the analysis of large data of trace elements in coal. It is a practical platform for the acquisition, management, exchange and sharing of trace element research and geochemical research data of coal.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Efficacy of guided bone regeneration using composite bone graft and resorbable collagen membrane in Seibert's Class I ridge defects: radiological evaluation

Saravanan P, Ramakrishnan T, Ambalavanan N, Emmadi P, John TL

J Oral Implantol, 2013 Aug;39(4):455-62.
PMID: 23964779 DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-10-00211

The purpose of the study was to evaluate radiologically the efficacy of guided bone regeneration using composite bone graft (autogenous bone graft and anorganic bovine bone graft [Bio-Oss]) along with resorbable collagen membrane (BioMend Extend) in the augmentation of Seibert's class I ridge defects in maxilla. Bone width was evaluated using computerized tomography at day 0 and at day 180 at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the crest. There was a statistically significant increase in bone width between day 0 and day 180 at 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the crest. The results of the study demonstrated an increase in bone width of Seibert's class I ridge defects in the maxilla of the study patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Metal toxicity and environmental effects on health: A study report on mineral and heavy metal contents of different Malaysian fish species

Octavianti, F., Jaswir, I.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):544-551.
MyJurnal

This paper discusses effects of metal toxicity and environment on health and followed by a study report on mineral and heavy metal contents of fish conducted in Malaysia as an example. Fish, a part of being a good source of digestible protein vitamins, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are also an important source of heavy metals. Some of the metals found in the fish might be essential as they play important role in biological system of the fish as well as in human being, some of them may also be toxic as might cause a serious damage in human health even in trace amount at a certain limit. A comprehensive study was conducted to fishes collected in Langkawi Island, a popular tourist destination in Malaysia and the overall findings revealed that from the human health point of view, the fin is a type offish found in the coastal areas of the island are safe for the consumption. The mineral and heavy metal contents are within the allowable limit of consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Protective effect of magnesium acetyltaurate against NMDA-induced retinal damage involves restoration of minerals and trace elements homeostasis

Jafri AJA, Arfuzir NNN, Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, et al.

J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2017 Jan;39:147-154.
PMID: 27908408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.005

Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been recognized as a final common outcome in pathological conditions involving death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Overstimulation of NMDA receptors results in influx of calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions and efflux of potassium (K). NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium (Mg). Such changes due to NMDA overstimulation are also associated with not only the altered levels of minerals but also that of trace elements and redox status. Both the decreased and elevated levels of trace elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) affect NMDA receptor excitability and redox status. Manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) are also part of antioxidant defense mechanisms in retina. Additionally endogenous substances such as taurine also affect NMDA receptor activity and retinal redox status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mg acetyltaurate (MgAT) on the retinal mineral and trace element concentration, oxidative stress, retinal morphology and retinal cell apoptosis in rats after-NMDA exposure. One group of Sprague Dawley rats received intravitreal injection of vehicle while 4 other groups similarly received NMDA (160nmolL(-1)). Among the NMDA injected groups, 3 groups also received MgAT (320nmolL(-1)) as pre-treatment, co-treatment or post-treatment. Seven days after intravitreal injection, rats were sacrificed, eyes were enucleated and retinae were isolated for estimation of mineral (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and trace element (Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn) concentration using Inductively Coupled Plasma (DRC ICP-MS) techniques (NexION 300D), retinal oxidative stress using Elisa, retinal morphology using H&E staining and retinal cell apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Intravitreal NMDA injection resulted in increased concentration of Ca (4.6 times, p<0.0001), Mg (1.5 times, p<0.01), Na (3 times, p<0.0001) and K (2.3 times, p<0.0001) compared to vehicle injected group. This was accompanied with significant increase of Ca/Mg and Na/K ratios, 3 and 1.27 times respectively, compared to control group. The trace elements such as Cu, Fe and Zn also showed a significant increase amounting to 3.3 (p<0.001), 2.3 (p<0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001) times respectively compared to control group. Se was increased by 60% (p<0.005). Pre-treatment with MgAT abolished effect of NMDA on minerals and trace elements more effectively than co- and post-treatment. Similar observations were made for retinal oxidative stress, retinal morphology and retinal cell apoptosis. In conclusion, current study demonstrated the protective effect of MgAT against NMDA-induced oxidative stress and retinal cell apoptosis. This effect of MgAT was associated with restoration of retinal concentrations of minerals and trace elements. Further studies are warranted to explore the precise molecular targets of MgAT. Nevertheless, MgAT seems a potential candidate in the management of diseases involving NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/metabolism*
Fulltext Evaluation of antioxidant properties and mineral composition of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) at different growth stages

Uddin MK, Juraimi AS, Ali ME, Ismail MR

Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(8):10257-67.
PMID: 22949859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810257

The main objective of this research was to appraise the changes in mineral content and antioxidant attributes of Portulaca oleracea over different growth stages. The antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The iodine titration method was used to determine the ascorbic acid content (AAC). DPPH scavenging (IC(50)) capacity ranged from 1.30 ± 0.04 to 1.71 ± 0.04 mg/mL, while the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) values were 229.5 ± 7.9 to 319.3 ± 8.7 mg AA/100 g, total phenol content (TPC) varied from 174.5 ± 8.5 to 348.5 ± 7.9 mg GAE/100 g. AAC 60.5 ± 2.1 to 86.5 ± 3.9 mg/100 g and FRAP 1.8 ± 0.1 to 4.3 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g. There was good correlation between the results of TPC and AEAC, and between IC(50) and FRAP assays (r(2) > 0.9). The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Fe and Zn increased with plant maturity. Calcium (Ca) was negatively correlated with sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl), but positively correlated with magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Portulaca olerecea cultivars could be used as a source of minerals and antioxidants, especially for functional food and nutraceutical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/analysis*
Fulltext Proximate composition, nutritional attributes and mineral composition of Peperomia pellucida L. (Ketumpangan Air) grown in Malaysia

Ooi DJ, Iqbal S, Ismail M

Molecules, 2012 Sep 17;17(9):11139-45.
PMID: 22986924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170911139

This study presents the proximate and mineral composition of Peperomia pellucida L., an underexploited weed plant in Malaysia. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods and mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated Peperomia pellucida to be rich in crude protein, carbohydrate and total ash contents. The high amount of total ash (31.22%)suggests a high-value mineral composition comprising potassium, calcium and iron as the main elements. The present study inferred that Peperomia pellucida would serve as a good source of protein and energy as well as micronutrients in the form of a leafy vegetable for human consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/analysis
Fulltext Antidiabetic properties of germinated brown rice: a systematic review

Imam MU, Azmi NH, Bhanger MI, Ismail N, Ismail M

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:816501.
PMID: 23304216 DOI: 10.1155/2012/816501

Diet is an important variable in the course of type 2 diabetes, which has generated interest in dietary options like germinated brown rice (GBR) for effective management of the disease among rice-consuming populations. In vitro data and animal experiments show that GBR has potentials as a functional diet for managing this disease, and short-term clinical studies indicate encouraging results. Mechanisms for antidiabetic effects of GBR due to bioactive compounds like γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, dietary fibre, phenolics, vitamins, acylated steryl β-glucoside, and minerals include antihyperglycemia, low insulin index, antioxidative effect, antithrombosis, antihypertensive effect, hypocholesterolemia, and neuroprotective effects. The evidence so far suggests that there may be enormous benefits for diabetics in rice-consuming populations if white rice is replaced with GBR. However, long-term clinical studies are still needed to verify these findings on antidiabetic effects of GBR. Thus, we present a review on the antidiabetic properties of GBR from relevant preclinical and clinical studies, in order to provide detailed information on this subject for researchers to review the potential of GBR in combating this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Ficus carica and bone health: a systematic review

Ruszymah Idrus, Nur Qisya Afifah Veronica Sainik, Ayu Suraya Ansari, Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali, Abid Nordin, Aminuddin Saim, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2741-2755.

Ficus carica, a native plant to the Middle East and Western Asia, is of high value in folk medicine. The therapeutic potential
of Ficus carica has led to the extensive studies in recent years, focusing on evaluating and validating its pharmacological
effect. The present systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of Ficus carica on promoting bone health focusing on
osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis via mineral contents and RANKL pathway. The search was done with Medline via
Ebscohost, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to obtain relevant articles published between 1946 and December
2016. The main inclusion criteria were research articles published in English that reported effect of Ficus carica on
bone health. The literature search returned 716 potentially relevant articles, whereby 5 met the inclusion criteria. This
systematic review concludes Ficus carica plays an important role in the promotion of bone health and can be a potential
pharmaceutical product in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Evaluation of calcium and phosphorus content in virgin coconut oil, coconut milk and coconut water using icpms- assessment of remineralization potential for tooth enamel

Siti Fatimah Rahamat, Zurainie Abllah, Wan Nor Hayati Wan Abd Manan, Anil Azura Jalaludin, Intan Azura Shahdan

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):23-23.
MyJurnal

Dental decays happened due to demineralization of dental minerals because of oral
acidic environment. The minerals that usually dissolved out from the enamel are calcium (Ca) and
phosphorus (P). To ensure more Ca and P absorbed via remineralization, high Ca and P content in
daily diet supply are required. In Malaysia, virgin coconut oil (VCO), coconut milk (CM) and coconut
water (CW) are a few of many major diet component of daily diet. The aim for this study is to
evaluate the Ca and P content of VCO, CM and CW. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Control of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm by Supplementation of Calcium, Copper, and Salicylic Acid

Bivi MS, Paiko AS, Khairulmazmi A, Akhtar MS, Idris AS

Plant Pathol J, 2016 Oct;32(5):396-406.
PMID: 27721689

Continuous supplementation of mineral nutrients and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar application could improve efficacy in controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedling. It is revealed from the results that the highest disease severity index (58.3%) was recorded in T8 treatments at 9 months after inoculation. The best disease control was achieved by T7 treatments (calcium/copper/SA [Ca/Cu/SA]) (5.0%) followed by T1 (5.5%), T5 (5.8%), T3 (8.3%), T6 (8.3%), T4 (13.3%), and T2 (15.8%) treatments. Continuous supplementation of Ca/Cu/SA was found to be the most effective in controlling the disease and the high performance liquid chromatography results showed the detection of ergosterol at very low concentration in the treated samples. Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy analysis results clearly indicated that T7 treatment was also enhancing lignification, which was responsible for the thickness of the secondary cell walls and middle lamella compared to untreated samples. It was therefore, concluded that continuous supplementation of minerals nutrients and SA could effectively suppress disease severity by reducing ergosterol activity and also improve the process of lignification in the treated plants. Furthermore, this treatment also managed to delay the onset of BSR symptoms and promote the growth of the seedlings and eventually suppress the BSR disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Can we IMPROVE cardiovascular outcomes through phosphate lowering in CKD? Rationale and protocol for the IMpact of Phosphate Reduction On Vascular End-points in Chronic Kidney Disease (IMPROVE-CKD) study

Lioufas N, Toussaint ND, Pedagogos E, Elder G, Badve SV, Pascoe E, et al.

BMJ Open, 2019 02 21;9(2):e024382.
PMID: 30796122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024382

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at heightened cardiovascular risk, which has been associated with abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism. A deeper understanding of these abnormalities should facilitate improved treatment strategies and patient-level outcomes, but at present there are few large, randomised controlled clinical trials to guide management. Positive associations between serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in both the general and CKD populations have resulted in clinical guidelines suggesting that serum phosphate be targeted towards the normal range, although few randomised and placebo-controlled studies have addressed clinical outcomes using interventions to improve phosphate control. Early preventive measures to reduce the development and progression of vascular calcification, left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness are crucial in patients with CKD.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We outline the rationale and protocol for an international, multicentre, randomised parallel-group trial assessing the impact of the non-calcium-based phosphate binder, lanthanum carbonate, compared with placebo on surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in a predialysis CKD population-the
IM
pact of
P
hosphate
R
eduction
O
n
V
ascular
E
nd-points (IMPROVE)-CKD study. The primary objective of the IMPROVE-CKD study is to determine if the use of lanthanum carbonate reduces the burden of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD stages 3b and 4 when compared with placebo. The primary end-point of the study is change in arterial compliance measured by pulse wave velocity over a 96-week period. Secondary outcomes include change in aortic calcification and biochemical parameters of serum phosphate, parathyroid hormone and FGF-23 levels.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval for the IMPROVE-CKD trial was obtained by each local Institutional Ethics Committee for all 17 participating sites in Australia, New Zealand and Malaysia prior to study commencement. Results of this clinical trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12610000650099.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Data for the potential gold mineralization mapping with the applications of Electrical Resistivity Imaging and Induced Polarization geophysical surveys

Arifin MH, Kayode JS, Izwan MK, Zaid HAH, Hussin H

Data Brief, 2019 Feb;22:830-835.
PMID: 30766903 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.086

To identify the potential zones for gold mineralization at the Felda Chiku 3, Gua Musang, Kelantan, East coast Malaysia, twenty-one (21) geophysical survey lines were conducted at the proposed mineral exploration site using the pole - dipole of the electrical resistivity and induced polarization arrays to get the maximum depth of 150 m with 400 m survey length. From the resistivity and chargeability concentration maps, the potential mineralized zones as delineated, was observed to be dominantly concentrated towards the southwest and northern part of the area. The 3D resistivity and chargeability slice model present low resistivity values and high chargeability values that are well correlated which is palpable especially at the depths of 25 m and 50 m respectively. The data showed that the potential mineralized zones are trending approximately north-south directions. Forty (40) drilling locations were proposed for follow-up drilling based on the resistivity and chargeability models.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Tropical soil remediation from pyrene: Release the power of natural iron content in soil for the efficient oxidant's activation

Qutob M, Rafatullah M, Muhammad SA, Alamry KA, Hussein MA

J Environ Manage, 2024 Feb 27;353:120179.
PMID: 38295641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120179

Natural soil minerals often contain numerous impurities, resulting in comparatively lower catalytic activity. Tropical soils are viewed as poor from soil organic matter, cations, and anions, which are considered the main impurities in the soil that are restricted to utilizing natural minerals as a catalyst. In this regard, the dissolved iron and hematite crystals that presented naturally in tropical soil were evaluated to activate oxidants and degrade pyrene. The optimum results obtained in this study were 73 %, and the rate constant was 0.0553 h-1 under experimental conditions [pyrene] = 300 mg/50 g, pH = 7, T = 55 °C, airflow = 260 mL/min, [Persulfate (PS)] = 1.0 g/L, and humic acid (HA) ( % w/w) = 0.5 %. The soil characterization analysis after the remediation process showed an increase in moieties and cracks of the soil aggregate, and a decline in the iron and aluminium contents. The scavengers test revealed that both SO4•- and O2•- were responsible for the pyrene degradation, while HO• had a minor role in the degradation process. In addition, the monitoring of by-products, degradation pathways, and toxicity assessment were also investigated. This system is considered an efficient, green method, and could provide a step forward to develop low-cost soil remediation for full-scale implementation.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/chemistry
Fulltext Nutritional composition of ready-to-eat cereals in the Malaysian market

Suraiami, M., Mohd Fairulnizal, M.N., Norhayati, M.K., Zaiton, A., Norliza, A.H., Wan Syuriahti, W.Z., et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):417-427.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of cornflakes and muesli, ready-to-eat cereal products available in the Malaysian market. Cornflakes and muesli were chosen due to their popularity as a breakfast meal especially in urban areas. Methods: A total of six brands each for cornflakes and muesli were purchased from supermarkets in the Klang Valley using stratified random sampling. All samples were analysed using AOAC official methods of analysis. The validity of the test data was monitored with the application of internal quality controls in line with the requirements of ISO 17025. Results: Proximate analysis revealed significantly higher mean levels of carbohydrate (86.94 ± 0.59 mg/lOOg), minerals such as iron (8.48±1.72 mg/lOOg) and sodium (674.83±102.99 g/lOOg), B3 as niacinamide (25.87 ± 6.14 g/lOOg) and sucrose (5.10 ± 0.90 mg/lOOg) in cornflakes than in muesli. However, muesli contained significantly more mean moisture (10.23 ± 0.72 mg/lOOg), protein (10.07 ± 0.79 mg/lOOg), total dietary fibre (12.49 ± 1.44 mg/lOOg), magnesium (113.22 ± 7.93 mg/lOOg), zinc (1.65 ± 0.16 mg/lOOg), copper (0.25 ± 0.02 mg/lOOg), total sugar (18.75 ± 2.05 mg/lOOg), glucose (7.70±1.77 mg/lOOg) and fructose (8.68±1.76 mg/lOOg) than cornflakes. Most of the fatty acids analysed were not detected or of low value in both the cereal products. Conclusion: The nutrient analysis of cornflakes and muesli suggests that both ready-to-eat cereals are nutritionally good choice as breakfast for consumers as it provides carbohydrate, minerals, fibre and vitamins. The data provides additional information to the Malaysian Food Composition Database.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Differentiation of ripe and unripe fruit flour using mineral composition data-Statistical assessment

Alkarkhi AFM, Alqaraghuli WAA, Mohamed Zam NR, Manan DMA, Mahmud MN, Huda N

Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105414.
PMID: 32258278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105414

Data on the mineral composition and content of one heavy metal measured in three different fruit flours prepared from ripe and unripe fruits (pulp and peel) are presented. The mineral composition (sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn)) and content of one heavy metal (lead (Pb)) of the flours were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysis showed that the data can be used for differentiation between different fruits and stages of ripeness, as revealed by discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. The data provided can be used by researchers and scientists in the differentiation of fruits based on major and minor mineral elements.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Effects of freeze-dried Mitsuokella jalaludinii culture and Natuphos(®) phytase supplementation on the performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens

Lan G, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Ho YW

J Sci Food Agric, 2012 Jan 30;92(2):266-73.
PMID: 21796639 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4570

Phytate-bound phosphorus (P) in poultry diets is poorly available to chickens. Hence exogenous phytase is often added to their diets. Mitsuokella jalaludinii is a rumen bacterial species that produces high phytase activity. In this study the effects of freeze-dried active M. jalaludinii culture (FD-AMJC) and Natuphos(®) phytase (phytase N) supplementations on the growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broiler chickens fed a low-available P (aP) diet were evaluated.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/blood
Efficacy of supplementation of a phytase-producing bacterial culture on the performance and nutrient use of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets

Lan GQ, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Ho YW

Poult Sci, 2002 Oct;81(10):1522-32.
PMID: 12412919

We evaluated the efficacy of supplementation of active Mitsuokella jalaludinii culture (AMJC) on the growth performance, nutrient use, and mineral concentrations in tibia bone and plasma of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets. Dietary treatments included low-nonphytate P (NPP) feed (containing 0.24% and 0.232% NPP for chicks from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 d of age, respectively), low-NPP feed added with different levels of AMJC (equivalent to 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 U phytase/kg of feed), and normal-NPP feed (containing 0.46 and 0.354% NPP for chicks from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 d of age, respectively). Supplementation of AMJC to low-NPP feed increased (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake and decreased (P < 0.05) feed:gain ratio of chickens during the whole experiment (Days 1 to 42). Supplementation of AMJC increased (P < 0.05) the AME value, digestibility of DM and CP, and retention of P, Ca, and Cu. Mn retention in broilers was only increased (P < 0.05) by AMJC supplementation from 18 to 20 d of age, and Zn retention was improved (P < 0.05) only at a high level of AMJC (equivalent to 1,000 U phytase/kg of feed) supplementation. Chicks fed low-NPP feed added with AMJC had similar tibia ash percentages as those fed the normal-NPP diet. Generally, supplementing AMJC to low-NPP feed increased (P < 0.05) Ca, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) Mn and Cu, but did not affect Zn and P concentrations in tibia ash. Supplementing AMJC also increased (P < 0.05) plasma P but had no effect on plasma Ca or Mn. Plasma Zn concentration was increased only when a high level of AMJC (equivalent to 1,000 U phytase/kg of feed) was used. In conclusion, AMJC supplementation to low-NPP feed improved growth performance; AME value; digestibility of CP and DM; use of Ca, P, and Cu; and bone mineralization.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/analysis; Minerals/blood; Minerals/pharmacokinetics
Fulltext An assessment of oil palm plantation aboveground biomass stocks on tropical peat using destructive and non-destructive methods

Lewis K, Rumpang E, Kho LK, McCalmont J, Teh YA, Gallego-Sala A, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 02 10;10(1):2230.
PMID: 32041975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58982-9

The recent expansion of oil palm (OP, Elaeis guineensis) plantations into tropical forest peatlands has resulted in ecosystem carbon emissions. However, estimates of net carbon flux from biomass changes require accurate estimates of the above ground biomass (AGB) accumulation rate of OP on peat. We quantify the AGB stocks of an OP plantation on drained peat in Malaysia from 3 to 12 years after planting using destructive harvests supported by non-destructive surveys of a further 902 palms. Peat specific allometric equations for palm (R2 = 0.92) and frond biomass are developed and contrasted to existing allometries for OP on mineral soils. Allometries are used to upscale AGB estimates to the plantation block-level. Aboveground biomass stocks on peat accumulated at ~6.39 ± 1.12 Mg ha-1 per year in the first 12 years after planting, increasing to ~7.99 ± 0.95 Mg ha-1 yr-1 when a 'perfect' plantation was modelled. High inter-palm and inter-block AGB variability was observed in mature classes as a result of variations in palm leaning and mortality. Validation of the allometries defined and expansion of non-destructive inventories across alternative plantations and age classes on peat would further strengthen our understanding of peat OP AGB accumulation rates.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Effect of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) on morphological changes in the liver and kidney of rats fed with high fat diet

Noratirah Shazlin, M.A., Asmah, R., Nurul Shazini, R., Hawa, Z.E.J.

Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2016;12(1):48-53.
MyJurnal

Mangosteen is a native fruit from Southeast Asia. It is rich in phenolic compounds like xanthones, anthocyanins and phenolic acids and also a good source of fibre and minerals. The present study aim to investigate the effects of mangosteen aril supplementation on the histopathological changes of liver and kidney in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=8), which consisted of normal control group (NC), obese control group (OC), obese supplemented with 200 mg/kg mangosteen group (M200), obese supplemented with 400 mg/kg mangosteen group (M400) and obese supplemented with 600 mg/kg mangosteen group (M600). At the end of seven weeks, obese groups supplemented with mangosteen aril were force feed to correspond mangosteen dosage while the control groups were force feed with distilled water as placebo. At the end of seven weeks of supplementation period, all rats were sacrificed and liver and kidney were collected. All data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and the differences between groups were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results showed that supplementation of mangosteen aril in obese rats able to ameliorate the abnormalities in their liver and kidney tissue caused by high fat diet.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals

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