METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all the patients who had undergone colonoscopy at Gastroenterology endoscopy unit, Serdang Hospital from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2016. Patients who had a history of colorectal cancer, polyp or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Data collected which included patients' demography, indication for colonoscopy, colonoscopy finding, and histopathology results. Data was analysed with SPSS version 16.

RESULTS: Among the 559 patients who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria (68 males, 44 females), 112 patients were found to have at least one polyp giving the polyp detection rate (PDR) of 20% and 168 polypectomies were performed. The PDR among male patients was higher than that of females (22.5% vs 17.1%, p<0.05). The detection rate of polyp was nearly equal in Malays, Chinese, Indians, and Others. The polyps were more common in those of age 40 years old and above (p<0.05), with the mean age of 63.0±1.5 years. The commonest morphology of polyp in our patients was sessile (58%) and majority was medium size (5-9mm). Otherwise, the polyps were commonly found in the distal colon those that in proximal colon (55.3% vs 38.7%, p<0.05). The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 19.1% (107/559).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for studies reporting on outcomes after TMT and RC. A total of 57 studies including 30,293 patients were included. The 10-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for TMT and RC were assessed.

RESULTS: The mean 10-year OS was 30.9% for TMT and 35.1% for RC (P = 0.32). The mean 10-year DSS was 50.9% for TMT and 57.8% for RC (P = 0.26). NAC was administered before therapy to 453 (13.3%) of 3,402 patients treated with TMT and 812 (3.0%) of 27,867 patients treated with RC (P<0.001). Complete response (CR) was achieved in 1,545 (75.3%) of 2,051 evaluable patients treated with TMT. A 5-year OS, DSS, and RFS after CR were 66.9%, 78.3%, and 52.5%, respectively. Downstaging after transurethral bladder tumor resection or NAC to stage ≤pT1 at RC was reported in 2,416 (29.1%) of 8,311 patients. NAC significantly increased the rate of pT0 from 20.2% to 34.3% (P = 0.007) in cT2 and from 3.8% to 23.9% (P<0.001) in cT3-4. A 5-year OS, DSS, and RFS in downstaged patients (≤pT1) at RC were 75.7%, 88.3%, and 75.8%, respectively.

METHODS: A total of 234 invasive cervical carcinomas (152 squamous cell carcinomas, 61 adenocarcinomas and 21 adenosquamous carcinomas) and 16 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, six CIN II and 25 CIN III were immunohistochemically studied for p53.

RESULTS: p53 was detected more frequently in CIN and invasive carcinoma (100% of CIN I, 74.2% CIN II + III and 70.1% invasive carcinoma) compared with benign cervices (P< 0.001); however, only three squamous cell carcinomas, 11 adenocarcinomas and two adenosquamous carcinomas exhibited p53 expression in >75% of tumour nuclei. Six of the 11 adenocarcinomas and both adenosquamous carcinomas were poorly differentiated compared with one of the three squamous carcinomas. p53 immunoreactive cells were randomly distributed in invasive carcinoma, confined to the lower third of the epithelium in CIN I, reached the middle third in 20% of CIN II and upper third in 16.6% of CIN III.