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Fulltext Enzymatic preparation of palm kernel expeller protein hydrolysate (PKEPH)

Ng, K.L., Mohd Khan, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):721-725.
MyJurnal

Utilization of palm kernel expeller (PKE), a palm oil milling by-product, may be diversified through the exploitation of its protein component. The PKE protein could be effectively extracted using an alkaline
solution and followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to produce PKE protein hydrolysates or crude PKE peptide. The extraction of PKE protein was successfully carried out using an alkaline solution at pH11, at ratio of 1:10 (g/ml), PKE powder to alkaline solution with continuous shaking, 150 rpm, in a water bath operating at 50°C for 30 min. The extracted protein powder (PKEP) had 68.50±3.08% crude protein, 0.54±0.03% fat and 0.73±0.02% ash. The freeze-dried PKEP was re-suspend in particular buffer and hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase® 2.4L, Flavourzyme® 500MG, pepsin or trypsin) to obtain PKEP hydrolysate (PKEPH). The effect of enzyme concentration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 & 10%) and time of hydrolysis (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h) was studied to determine the most efficient hydrolytic conditions. Results showed that all enzymes tested were capable of hydrolyzing the PKEP and producing hydrolysates with different degree of hydrolysis (DH%). At 8.0% concentration, Alcalase®2.4L hydrolyzed PKEP into the highest DH (75.96%) hydrolysate (PKEPH) after 1h hydrolysis. Although only with 2.0% Alcalase 2.4 L concentration, it was sufficient to produce PKEP hydrolysate of 81.35% DH %, but it required 12 h to hydrolyze the protein. Pepsin was relatively the least efficient protease to hydrolyze the PKEP.
Sex differences in educational encouragement and academic achievement

Khan A

Psychol Rep, 2012 Aug;111(1):149-55.
PMID: 23045856

Sex differences in educational encouragement and their predictiveness of academic achievement were examined among 442 secondary school students (M age = 13.2 yr., SD = 1.9). Education-related encouragement received from mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers was assessed. Academic achievement was based on student self-reports and grades. Female adolescents reported receiving statistically significantly more educational encouragement from their mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers than did male adolescents. In regression, sex and educational encouragement from parents, friends, and teachers were found to be significant predictors of academic achievement.
Parental and peer supports are associated with an active lifestyle of adolescents: evidence from a population-based survey

Khan A, Uddin R

Public Health, 2020 Nov;188:1-3.
PMID: 33032239 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.024

OBJECTIVES: Parental and peer support can foster adolescents' activity behaviours; however, little is known about how such support are linked with adolescents' active lifestyle in non-Western settings. The study aimed to explore associations of parental and peer support with an active lifestyle of adolescents in Malaysia.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study.
METHODS: We used data from the 2012 Malaysian Global School-based Student Health Survey, which covered adolescents aged 11-17 years (51% girls). Adolescents were asked about their physical activity, sitting time, and levels of parental and peer support. Participants with ≥60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day and ≤2 h of sitting time per day were categorised as having an 'active lifestyle'. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationships by gender and age group (11-14 and 15-17 years).
RESULTS: Of the participating adolescents (n = 12,081), 15.3% reported to have an active lifestyle (boys: 22.0%; girls: 8.8%). About 31% reported to have higher levels of parental support, whereas 47% reported higher levels of peer support. Higher parental and peer support were significantly associated with an active lifestyle of boys across both age groups. Girls with higher parental support had higher odds of reporting an active lifestyle in both age groups, whereas higher peer support was significantly associated with an active lifestyle among girls aged 11-14 years.
CONCLUSIONS: This study uniquely extends the current evidence by examining the associations of parental and peer support with physical activity and sitting time combined. More research is needed to understand how different types of social support can influence adolescents' active lifestyle.
Fulltext Effect of storage conditions on quality of prebiotic dark chocolate

Norhayati, H., Rasma Suzielawanis, Mohd Khan AMohd Khan, A.

Malays J Nutr, 2013;19(1):111-119.
MyJurnal

Introduction: A prebiotic such as inulin is a well-known functional plant food ingredient. It is capable of stimulating growth of beneficial bifidobacteria in the intestine thus protecting against intestinal infections, preventing constipation, increasing mineral absorption, reducing the incidence of colon cancer, and producing B vitamins. Inulin added to food therefore has to be stable during food processing especially against heat treatment, low pH and Maillard reaction. Methods: Newly developed dark chocolate, DC-1, containing inulin (replacing sugar component) as an added value, was stored at 18oC, 60% relative humidity and 25oC, 80% relative humidity (RH) to determine shelf life stability compared to control dark chocolate, DC-0 (with high content of sugar). Sensory evaluation (quantitative descriptive analysis), water activity (aw), microbiological content and presence of inulin after storage of the prebiotic chocolate under both conditions were evaluated to determine shelf life. Results: The DC-1 chocolate had at least 12 months of shelf life at 18oC, 60% RH with better acceptance than DC-0; moreover, it did not experience microbiological and inulin content changes. At 25oC, 80% RH, the growth of Aspergillus sp. was observed on the surface of both DC-0 and DC-1 with aw >0.50 after a 2-month storage. Conclusion: Shelf life stability of DC-1 is almost similar to DC-0.
Fulltext Fresh water aquaculture fish consumption in Malaysia and heavy metals risk exposure to consumers

Ibrahim, A.B., Mohd Khan, A., Norrakiah, A.S., Intan Fazleen, Z.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2109-2113.
MyJurnal

This study aimed to determine the amount of the fish (Oreachromi sp, Clarias sp. and Pangasius sutchii) consumption in Malaysia; the quantity of heavy metal residues (arsenic, cadmium, mercury and plumbum) in the fish and the level of the risk exposure. About 1440 respondents from six main production districts were randomly interviewed and the body weight of the respondents was also measured. A total of 240 ready to eat fish from food premises were also stratified randomly sampled where each sample was weighted to determine the average weight of one serving unit sold at food premises. The heavy metal residues were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) Optima 4300 DV (German). The level of heavy metals risk exposure was calculated as the percentage value of ’Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes’ (PTWI) and recalculated using computer programme @Risk 4.5 Excel (Palisade, USA). The result showed that 60.3% of the respondents consumed the fish. The level of heavy metal risk exposures were calculated as very low i.e. 0.14% (As), 0.31% (Cd), 0.09% (Hg) and 0.78% (Pb).
Social support as a moderator of positive psychological strengths and subjective well-being

Khan A, Husain A

Psychol Rep, 2010 Apr;106(2):534-8.
PMID: 20524555

The present study was conducted to examine: (a) the relation of positive psychological strengths, i.e., hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resiliency, with subjective well-being, and (b) the role of social support as a moderator of positive psychological strengths and subjective well-being. The following hypotheses were proposed: (a) that positive psychological strengths would be positively related with subjective well-being and social support; (b) social support would moderate the relation of positive psychological strengths with subjective well-being. 116 men and 64 women (M age=21.53 yr., SD=4.99, range=33) from India participated. Significant positive relationships were found for positive psychological strengths with subjective well-being and with social support network (family, friends, and others). Regression analysis showed social support significantly moderated the relations of positive psychological strengths with subjective well-being.
Fulltext Extraction and characterization of pectin from grapefruit (Duncan cultivar) and its utilization as gelling agent

Khan, A. A., Butt, M.S., Randhawa, M.A., Karim, R., Sultan, M.T., Ahmed, W.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2195-2199.
MyJurnal

Globally, agro-industrial by products such as fruit waste has attained immense recognition to be used for the extraction of valuable functional ingredients. Pectin is naturally occurring biopolymer that is widely recognized in food industry as well as in biotechnology. Keeping in view, current research was conducted for extraction, characterization and utilization of grapefruit peel pectin from Duncan cultivar. The extracted pectin was characterized for different parameters that explored its role in value added products. Acid extraction was carried out and then pectin was characterized for equivalent weight, ash content and methoxyl content. With the addition of extracted pectin, jam was prepared and analysed for physicochemical analysis and sensory attributes. The maximum extraction (22.55%) was done from grapefruit peel at temperature-120°C with pH-1.5, while minimum extraction (0.41%) was obtained at temperature-120°C with pH-2. Moreover, adding pectin in jam formulation resulted in significant effect on texture of the final product. Conclusively, pectin holds a great potential to be extracted and utilized in fruit based products for best quality and value addition.
Fulltext A rare case of a gastro-peritoneal fistula following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy successfully treated with endoscopic stenting

Kosai, N.R., Khan, A., Mustafa, M.T., Zalizawati, Z.A., Mohd Firdaus, C.A., Leong, J.H.

Medicine & Health, 2015;10(2):159-164.
MyJurnal

Gastro-peritoneal fistula is a rare but serious complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with significant morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a 42-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity and presented later with a history of chronic epigastric pain and severe reflux. Upper gastrointestinal series showed the presence of a communicating fistula between the stomach and the left hemi-diaphragm and peri-splenic area.
Fulltext An audit of the turnaround time of fixed prosthodontics cases in the ceramic laboratory

Khan, A., Mohd Noor, N.S., Sukumaran, P., Sheikh Aladin, S.H.A., Wai Ying, Y.

Ann Dent, 2016;22(2):1-8.
MyJurnal

This clinical audit is aimed to provide an insight into the performance of dental technicians in rendering
fixed prosthodontics services at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. A retrospective audit was
carried out between 1st of November 2014 and 31st January 2015 using data derived from records and
monthly returns of the technicians, which are kept at the ceramic laboratory. Retrospective data on
cases of diagnostic wax-ups, full metal crowns, metal ceramic crowns, all ceramic crowns and bridges
that were sent to ceramic laboratory for fabrication from 1st of September 2013 to 31st of August 2014
was systematically extracted from the record and tabulated categorically in SPSS version 22.0. The
turnaround time in workings day for diagnostic wax-ups and the prostheses was calculated by deducting
exit date from entry date. Subsequently, the turnaround time and the complexity of cases were categorized
accordingly. The association of turnaround time and the complexity of the cases was analysed using
Fisher Exact test with p value < 0.05. Within this time frame, a total of 102 cases of diagnostic waxups,
36 cases of crown and 18 cases of bridges were fabricated. 57.8% of diagnostic wax-ups were
completed within 3 days. 100% of 1 unit crown were completed within 7 days and 94.4% of bridges were
completed within 14 days. There was a significant association of turnaround time and the complexity of
the cases for diagnostic wax-ups and crowns with p value
Fulltext Halal authentication in Malaysia context: potential adulteration of non-Halal ingredients in meatballs and surimi products

Sahilah, A.M., Laila Liyana, M.N., Aravindran, S., Aminah, A., Mohd Khan, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(5):1832-1838.
MyJurnal

Halal is a term that describes substances that are deemed ‘pure and clean’ which Muslims are
allowed to consume according to Islamic law. The industrialization of food processing in the
20th and 21st centuries has exposed Muslims community to various ingredients such as blood
plasma, transglutaminase and gelatin introduced in meatballs and surimi product. Muslims
are facing difficulties to ascertain which products are permitted or not under the Islamic law.
Thus, this paper is to give knowledge of non-halal ingredients being introduced in meatballs
and surimi products for consumers, researchers and policy makers. Local halal logo issued by
Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) is needed to imply that all ingredients
used in the food production and processing are Syariah compliance. The scientific evidence
to substantiate any claim on Halal issue was developed based on several methods including
PCR-based methods with different mitochondria and chromosomal DNA (MtDNA and cDNA)
primers, real-time PCR with different probes and DNA binding agent, loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP) with different primers developed, PCR- RFLP, ELISA and etc.
Fulltext A new source of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a leavening agent in bread making

Noroul Asyikeen, Z., Ma’aruf, A.G., Sahilah, A.M., Mohd. Khan, A., Wan Aida, W.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):967-973.
MyJurnal

Megabiodiversity of Malaysian’s flora and fauna which include microorganism could be conserved and served as alternative source indigenous yeast, the leavening agent of commercial bread making. This study was conducted in attempt to exploit the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from 30 different local fruits and plant parts as a leavening agent in bread making. The enrichment was carried out by fermenting the plant samples in medium containing Grape Must at 25°C for 10 days following by isolation of tentative yeasts at 30°C for 3 to 5 days. 20 out of 30 samples tested showed the presence of yeasts was then selected for identification of S. cerevisiae strains through biochemical and physiological tests. Of the 20 yeast strains examined, 13 strains were identified as S. cerevisiae and potentially used as leavening agent in bread making where 5 strains namely SN3, SMK9, SDB10, SRB11 and SS12 showed better fermentative performance compared to commercial strains. Thus, indicated that the local fruits and plant parts could be the potential source of indigenous S. cerevisiae strains for leavening agent in bread making.
Multienzyme microbiosensor based on electropolymerized o-phenylenediamine for simultaneous in vitro determination of acetylcholine and choline

Khan A, Ab Ghani S

Biosens Bioelectron, 2012 Jan 15;31(1):433-8.
PMID: 22154168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.007

The electrochemical biosensors based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO) enzymes were fabricated on carbon fibre (CF) substrate. The electropolymerized PoPD was used to reduce the interfering substances. The electrode assembly was completed by depositing functionalized carbon nano tubes (FCNTs) and Nafion (Naf). Amperometric detection of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) were realized at an applied potential of +750 mV vs Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl). At pH 7.4, the final assembly, Naf-FCNTs/AChE-ChO((10:1))/PoPD/CF(Elip), was observed to have high sensitivity towards Ch (6.3±0.3 μA mM(-1)) and ACh (5.8±0.3 μA mM(-1)), linear range for Ch (K(M)=0.52±0.03 mM) and ACh (K(M)=0.59±0.07 mM), and for Ch the highest ascorbic acid blocking capacity (97.2±2 1mM AA). It had a response time of <5s and with 0.045 μM limit of detection. Studies on different ratio (ACh/Ch) revealed that 10:1, gave best overall response.
Fulltext Halal market surveillance of soft and hard gel capsules in pharmaceutical products using PCR and southern-hybridization on the biochip analysis

Sahilah, A.M., Mohd Fadly, L., Norrakiah, A.S., Aminah, A., Wan Aida, W.M., Ma'aruf, A.G., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):371-375.
MyJurnal

The study was conducted to detect the porcine DNA in pharmaceutical products in local market using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern-hybridization on the biochip. A total of 113 (n=113) of hard (82 samples) and soft gel (31 samples) capsules from pharmaceutical products were purchased and tested for the presence of porcine DNA for Halal authentication. All capsules were gelatin-based purchased from local over the counter (OTC) markets. Of all samples tested, 37.2% (42/113) contained porcine DNA. While, none porcine DNA band was detected for 62.8% (71/113) of capsules tested. All samples which were positive toward porcine DNA were imported pharmaceutical products with none Halal logo. Results in the presence study demonstrated that the PCR techniques and southern-hybridization on the biochip is suitable tool for monitoring the Haram component in highly processed product of soft and hard capsule.
Fulltext Attitude and knowledge of family medicine practitioners towards the association between periodontal disease and obesity

Akram Z, Abduljabbar T, Hanif A, Khan A, Vohra F

Niger J Clin Pract, 2017 05;20(5):595-599.
PMID: 28513519 DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.197017

OBJECTIVES: To assess the attitude and knowledge of family medicine practitioners (FMPs) towards the association between periodontal disease and obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed and a 13-item survey questionnaire was given to FMPs practicing in 12 different teaching hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The questions were aimed at exploring the knowledge of FMP's regarding the association of obesity and periodontal disease and their attitude towards the association of obesity and periodontal disease. Chi-square and Spearman co-efficient were conducted to compare subgroups and correlate factors with the knowledge score of FMPs.
RESULTS: A total of 314 questionnaires were completed (response rate = 92%). Median age of participants was 41 years and 57% were females. Almost 61% of FMPs answered all the knowledge questions correctly and 64% reported moderate understanding of the association between periodontal health and obesity. Nearly 73% FMPs inquired from obese patients regarding the periodontal disease and more than half (58%) refer patients to a dentist for evaluation. More than half of FMPs perform periodontal disease screening. Nearly all FMPs considered informing obese patients regarding periodontal disease as one of their roles.
CONCLUSIONS: FMP's play an important role in the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal conditions in obese patients. More than two thirds of FMPs showed good knowledge of the association of obesity and periodontal disease. The attitudes of FMPs towards assessing and referring obese patients at a risk of having periodontal disease were reassuring.
Fulltext The Power of Implicit Social Relation in Rating Prediction of Social Recommender Systems

Reafee W, Salim N, Khan A

PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0154848.
PMID: 27152663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154848

The explosive growth of social networks in recent times has presented a powerful source of information to be utilized as an extra source for assisting in the social recommendation problems. The social recommendation methods that are based on probabilistic matrix factorization improved the recommendation accuracy and partly solved the cold-start and data sparsity problems. However, these methods only exploited the explicit social relations and almost completely ignored the implicit social relations. In this article, we firstly propose an algorithm to extract the implicit relation in the undirected graphs of social networks by exploiting the link prediction techniques. Furthermore, we propose a new probabilistic matrix factorization method to alleviate the data sparsity problem through incorporating explicit friendship and implicit friendship. We evaluate our proposed approach on two real datasets, Last.Fm and Douban. The experimental results show that our method performs much better than the state-of-the-art approaches, which indicates the importance of incorporating implicit social relations in the recommendation process to address the poor prediction accuracy.
Interaction of LysM BON family protein domain with carbapenems: A putative mechanism of carbapenem resistance

Ali A, Kumar R, Khan A, Khan AU

Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Oct 01;160:212-223.
PMID: 32464197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.172

Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has become a global concern for health workers worldwide. In one of our earlier studies, a Klebsiella pneumoniae-carbapenemase-2 producing strain was induced with meropenem to explore differentially expressed proteins under induced and uninduced conditions. There is, LysM domain BON family protein, was found over 12-fold expressed under the induced state. A hypothesis was proposed that LysM domain protein might have an affinity towards carbapenem antibiotics making them unavailable to bind with their target. Hence, we initiated a study to understand the binding mode of carbapenem with LysM domain protein. MICs of imipenem and meropenem against LysM clone were increased by several folds as compared to NP-6 clinical strain as well as DH5 α (PET-28a KPC-2) clone. This study further revealed a strong binding of both antibiotics to LysM domain protein. Molecular simulation studies of LysM domain protein with meropenem and imipenem for 80 ns has also showed stable structure. We concluded that overexpressed LysM domain under induced condition interacted with carbapenems, leading to enhanced resistance as proved by high MIC values. Hence, the study proved the proposed hypothesis that the LysM domain plays a significant role in the putative mechanism of antibiotics resistance.
The sciatic nerve in human cadavers - high division or low formation?

Khan AA, Asari MA, Pasha MA

Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2015 12 29;75(3):306-310.
PMID: 26711654 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2015.0130

Variations of the sciatic nerve have been extensively studied in the past including its relationship with the piriformis muscle and associated clinical conditions like piriformis syndrome and sciatica. In the present study we noticed some interesting variations of the sciatic nerve, which were slightly different from the cases described earlier. In the previous studies most of the authors described the higher division of sciatic nerve and none of them discussed its formation. In this study we tried to look its formation from the sacral plexus and its divisions in the thigh. We noticed that in one cadaver the two components of the sciatic nerve originated directly from the sacral plexus and coursed down without merging in the thigh. Should this be called a higher division or non formation of the sciatic nerve? On the other hand in two other cadavers, the two divisions after emerging separately from the sacral plexus, united in the gluteal region and in the thigh respectively. Should we call this as higher division or low formation of the sciatic nerve? In two other cadavers the sciatic nerve emerged from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis and divided in the gluteal region itself. Ideally this should be called as higher division of sciatic nerve.
Unusual presence of Wormian (sutural) bones in human skulls

Khan AA, Asari MA, Hassan A

Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2011 Nov;70(4):291-4.
PMID: 22117248

Wormian bones are a subset of the small intrasutural bones that lie between the cranial sutures formed by the bones of the skull vault. They are formed due to additional ossification centres in or near sutures. They are usually considered as normal variants and seem to be determined genetically in certain populations. They have been linked with rapid cranial expansion as they appear in great number in hydrocephalic skulls. They are commonly found in the lambdoid suture and fontanelles but are occasionally seen in other sutures especially the coronal, squamosal, and sagittal sutures. We examined 25 dried human skulls with the aim to find out the occurrence and variations of Wormian bones, and surprisingly we found Wormian bones in the coronal, squamosal, and sagittal sutures in 6 skulls. These are uncommon sites of occurrence of sutural bones as reported in the literature. These findings prompted us to report these cases as their presence can lead to confusion in diagnosis in cases of skull fractures.
Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Quinazolinone Acetamides: Synthesis and Characterization

Hakima F, Salfi R, Bhikshapathi D, Khan A

Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2021 May 24.
PMID: 34030622 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210524164351

BACKGROUND: According to the global cancer report of 2019, the burden of cancer will exceed more than 18 million becoming one of the major causes of global mortality rate. There is a pressing need to establish novel drug candidates for cancer treatment, though many anticancer agents are available in the market owing to their adverse effects. In recent years, quinazoline and its derivatives have been considered as a novel class of cancer chemotherapeutic agents that show promising activity against different tumors.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of the novel class of quinazoline tethered acetamide derivatives against six different cancer cell lines.
METHOD: A novel series of various substituted quinazolinone acetamides were synthesized through a feasible scheme. The synthetic scheme involves the conversion of benzoxazinone (from anthranilic acid and benzoyl chloride) intermediate to 3-amino quinazoline-4-one which is further converted to the final amide by tethering with the propionyl chloride employing Schotten-Baumann Reaction conditions. All the synthesized derivatives characterized by IR, 1HNMR and MASS spectral methods and anti-cancer activity evaluated by employing MTT assay for six cancer cell lines and one normal human cell line.
RESULTS: All the synthesized compounds were screened for anti-cancer activity against six cancer cell lines, including A 549 (lung), DU 145 (prostate), HT 29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), SiHA (cervical), B16F10 (mouse skin melanoma) and one normal human fibroblast cell lines. All the compounds displayed a decent cytotoxicity profile when compared with the standard drug, doxorubicin. Among the synthesized compounds (5a to 5n) tested, two compounds, 5f and 5g have demonstrated excellent cytotoxicity against SiHA and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
CONCLUSION: Comparatively, most of the compounds displayed decent cytotoxicity potential relative to the standard drug, doxorubicin. Further investigations are needed to establish the detailed mechanism of action of the developed novel quinazolinone acetamides.
Fulltext Consumer Flow Experience of Senior Citizens in Using Social Media for Online Shopping

Xu Y, Wang Y, Khan A, Zhao R

Front Psychol, 2021;12:732104.
PMID: 34603153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732104

The senior market signifies an enormous, rapidly expanding segment, and this research aimed to investigate this segment by proposing a theoretical model incorporating the antecedents of consumer flow experience, flow theory, and technology acceptance model (TAM) devised for determining social media purchase intention. This study focuses on the senior citizens engaged in shopping using social media located in Pakistan. A total of 300 senior citizens were selected. An online survey was conducted with the help of a marketing research agency located in Pakistan. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method. According to the results, the antecedents, such as feedback, enjoyment, and time distortion were found to be in a positive relationship with flow experience, however, the concentration did not have a significant effect on the flow. Furthermore, the flow was found to be in a significant relationship with social media purchase intention and TAM. Finally, TAM was also found to be in a positive significant relationship with social media purchase intention. This research contributes to the constantly expanding volume of the utilization of social media by the senior market segment population for buying and producing the highly valuable knowledge for manufacturers, wholesalers, vendors, and a huge number of senior customers.

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