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New Insights Into Dietary Approaches to Potassium Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

Sumida K, Biruete A, Kistler BM, Khor BH, Ebrahim Z, Giannini R, et al.

J Ren Nutr, 2023 Nov;33(6S):S6-S12.
PMID: 37610407 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.12.003

Potassium disorders are one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to poor clinical outcomes. Maintaining serum potassium levels within the physiologically normal range is critically important in these patients. Dietary potassium restriction has long been considered a core strategy for the management of chronic hyperkalemia in patients with CKD. However, this has been challenged by recent evidence suggesting a paradigm shift toward fostering more liberalized, plant-based dietary patterns. The advent of novel potassium binders and an improved understanding of gastrointestinal processes involved in potassium homeostasis (e.g., gastrointestinal potassium wasting) may facilitate a paradigm shift and incorporation of heart-healthy potassium-enriched food sources. Nevertheless, uncertainty regarding the risk-benefit of plant-based diets in the context of potassium management in CKD remains, requiring well-designed clinical trials to determine the efficacy of dietary potassium manipulation toward improvement of clinical outcomes in patients with CKD.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium; Potassium, Dietary/adverse effects
Partition of potassium and calcium stored in blood

Lee TS

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:295-303.

The rates of rise of the plasma potassium concentrations are not affected by the nature ot the preservative solutions although the solutions influence in a marked degree the rates of haemolysis. The rise in the plasma potassium luvel exhibits two phases. It rises very rapidly for the first ten days of storage, increasing to 12 times the initial concentration in that brief period, after which the change is by comparison much slower. Variation in storage temperature has a greater effect relatively on the increase in the extra-cellular potassium concentration than daily shaking. The plasma calcium level falls by about 25 per cent of the original quantity and then begins to rise when the blood starts to haemolyse. It is suggested that it is the ionised calcium that is affected in this phenomenon. Storage at 38 degree Celcius hastens this fall and rise and so also does the effect of daily shaking.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium
Fulltext Preliminary survey on potential slope instability and soil physico-chemical characteristic in Cameron Highlands, Pahang. (Tinjauan awal potensi ketidakstabilan cerun dan cirian fiziko-kimia tanah di Cameron Highlands, Pahang)

Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Wan Muhd Razi Idris, Jasni Yaakob

Sains Malaysiana, 2007;36(2):105-116.

Secara geologi, kawasan Cameron Highland terdiri daripada batuan granit batolit yang merejah ke dalam batuan sedimen yang lebih tua. Rejahan jasad igneus asidik ini menyebabkan pembentukan batuan meta-sedimen dan batuan metamorfik lain sebagai sisa bumbung. Sekis sering ditemui telah mengalami luluhawa tinggi hingga sepenuhnya, berwarna kelabu cerah hingga gelap dengan butiran halus hingga sederhana dan struktur foliasi yang ketara. Manakala batuan granit mengandungi mineral kuarza, felspar dan butiran biotit dan/atau turmalin. Kebanyakan cerun potongan jalan raya yang dibina merentasi jasad batuan ini dan survei ketidakstabilan cerun dilakukan berdasarkan jenis, geometri dan cirian fiziko-kimia tanah cerun. Hasil cerapan lapangan menunjukkan bahawa jenis cerun yang gagal adalah jenis cerun tanah yang terdiri daripada jenis gelinciran cetek dan dalam. Antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada ketidakstabilan cerun adalah geometri cerun seperti cerun yang tinggi dan sudut muka cerun yang curam, sifat keperoian tanah pada cerun dan kekurangan litupan vegetasi permukaan. Ini menyebabkan permukaan cerun terdedah kepada hentaman terus hujan. Kesan daripada air larian permukaan juga menyebabkan pembentukan alur-alur hakisan pada muka cerun tanah. Sifat fiziko-kimia bahan cerun (tanah) seperti taburan saiz partikel, pH, kandungan ferum oksida, bahan organik, kandungan air, ketumpatan pukal dan sebenar serta keporosan juga didapati memainkan peranan sebagai faktor yang dalaman dalam mempengaruhi kestabilan cerun tertentu yang dikaji. Julat pH tanah yang rendah (sifat asidik) pada semua cerun mengurangkan kandungan ferum oksida dalam tanah yang bertindak sebagai bahan penyimen tanah. Ini menyebabkan agregatan tanah menjadi lemah dan mudah terhakis.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Compounds
The effects of deoxyelephantopin on the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr) and human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) expression

Teah YF, Abduraman MA, Amanah A, Adenan MI, Sulaiman SF, Tan ML

Food Chem Toxicol, 2017 Sep;107(Pt A):293-301.
PMID: 28689918 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.011

Elephantopus scaber Linn and its major bioactive component, deoxyelephantopin are known for their medicinal properties and are often reported to have various cytotoxic and antitumor activities. This plant is widely used as folk medicine for a plethora of indications although its safety profile remains unknown. Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the cardiac IKr current which is a determinant of the duration of ventricular action potentials and QT interval. The hERG potassium channel is an important antitarget in cardiotoxicity evaluation. This study investigated the effects of deoxyelephantopin on the current, mRNA and protein expression of hERG channel in hERG-transfected HEK293 cells. The hERG tail currents following depolarization pulses were insignificantly affected by deoxyelephantopin in the transfected cell line. Current reduction was less than 40% as compared with baseline at the highest concentration of 50 μM. The results were consistent with the molecular docking simulation and hERG surface protein expression. Interestingly, it does not affect the hERG expression at both transcriptional and translational level at most concentrations, although higher concentration at 10 μM caused protein accumulation. In conclusion, deoxyelephantopin is unlikely a clinically significant hERG channel and Ikr blocker.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium/metabolism*; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/genetics*; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/metabolism; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels/genetics*; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels/metabolism
Norm in cultivated honey in Malaysia and concomitant effective dose to consumers

Khandaker MU, Zayadi NSB, Sani SFA, Bradley DA, Osman H, Alzamil Y, et al.

Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2023 Nov 02;199(18):2174-2178.
PMID: 37934995 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad179

Present study concerns the radiological character of Malaysian honey. A total of 18 samples (representative of the various most common types) were obtained from various honey bee farms throughout the country. Using a high-purity germanium γ-ray spectroscopic system, the samples were analysed for the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K. The respective range of activities (in Bq/kg) was: 3.49 ± 0.35 to 4.51 ± 0.39, 0.99 ± 0.37 to 1.74 ± 0.39 and 41.37 ± 3.26 to 105.02 ± 6.91. The estimated associated committed effective doses were derived from prevailing data on national consumption of honey, the annual dose being found low compared with the UNSCEAR reference dose limit of 290 μSv y-1. The estimated threshold consumption rate for honey indicates a maximum intake of 339 g/d, which poses an insignificant radiological risk to public health; however, the total dietary exposure may not, the guidance level of 290 μSv y-1 being applicable to dietary intake of all foodstuffs. The study is in support of the cultivation of a healthy lifestyle, acknowledging prevailing radioactivity within the environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Radioisotopes/analysis
Fulltext Enhanced Cycling Performance of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Flow Batteries Using Potassium Persulfate as Electrolyte Additive

Khezri R, Hosseini S, Lahiri A, Motlagh SR, Nguyen MT, Yonezawa T, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Oct 02;21(19).
PMID: 33023274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197303

Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) offer high specific energy and low-cost production. However, rechargeable ZABs suffer from a limited cycle life. This paper reports that potassium persulfate (KPS) additive in an alkaline electrolyte can effectively enhance the performance and electrochemical characteristics of rechargeable zinc-air flow batteries (ZAFBs). Introducing redox additives into electrolytes is an effective approach to promote battery performance. With the addition of 450 ppm KPS, remarkable improvement in anodic currents corresponding to zinc (Zn) dissolution and limited passivation of the Zn surface is observed, thus indicating its strong effect on the redox reaction of Zn. Besides, the addition of 450 ppm KPS reduces the corrosion rate of Zn, enhances surface reactions and decreases the solution resistance. However, excess KPS (900 and 1350 ppm) has a negative effect on rechargeable ZAFBs, which leads to a shorter cycle life and poor cyclability. The rechargeable ZAFB, using 450 ppm KPS, exhibits a highly stable charge/discharge voltage for 800 cycles. Overall, KPS demonstrates great promise for the enhancement of the charge/discharge performance of rechargeable ZABs.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Compounds/pharmacology; Potassium Compounds/chemistry*
Fulltext The Effects of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Identified from Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) Shoots on Kv1.4 Channel

Zhang J, Mohamad FH, Wong JH, Mohamad H, Ismail AH, Mohamed Yusoff AA, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Feb;25(1):101-113.
PMID: 29599640 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.1.12

Background: Bamboo shoot has been used as a treatment for epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine for generations to treat neuronal disorders such as convulsive, dizziness and headaches. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hba) is a non-flavonoid phenol found abundantly inDendrocalamus aspershoots (bamboo), fruits (strawberries and apples) and flowers. Kv1.4 is a rapidly inactivatingShaker-related member of the voltage-gated potassium channels with two inactivation mechanisms; the fast N-type and slow C-type. It plays vital roles in repolarisation, hyperpolarisation and signaling the restoration of resting membrane potential through the regulation of the movement of K+across the cellular membrane.
Methods: Chemical compounds fromDendrocalamus asperbamboo shoots were purified and identified as major palmitic acids mixed with other minor fatty acids, palmitic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, lauric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and cholest-4-ene-3-one. The response of synthetic 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was tested on Kv1.4 potassium channel which was injected into viable oocytes that was extracted fromXenopus laevis. The current were detected by the two-microelectrode voltage clamp, holding potential starting from -80 mV with 20 mV step-up until +80 mV. Readings of treatments with 0.1% DMSO, 4-hba concentrations and K channel blockers were taken at +60 mV. The ratio of tail/peak amplitude is the index of the activity of the Kv1.4 channels withn≥ 6 (number of oocytes tested). The decreases of the ratios of five different concentrations (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) were compared with 0.1% DMSO as the control.
Results: All concentration showed statistically significant results withP< 0.05 except for 100 μM. The normalised current of the 4-hba concentrations were compared with potassium channel blockers (TEA and 4-AP) and all groups showed statistically significant results. This study also showed that time taken for each concentration to affect Kv1.4 does not play any significant roles.
Conclusion: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be able to enhance the inactivation of Kv1.4 by lowering the membrane potential so that the abnormal neuronal firing can be inhibited. With IC50 slightly higher than 10 μM, increasing concentrations (100 μM, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) had shown to exhibit toxicity effects. The best concentration from this study is 10 μM with Hill slope of 0.1799.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Potassium Channel Blockers; Kv1.4 Potassium Channel
Mitragynine and its potential blocking effects on specific cardiac potassium channels

Tay YL, Teah YF, Chong YM, Jamil MFA, Kollert S, Adenan MI, et al.

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2016 08 15;305:22-39.
PMID: 27260674 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.022

Mitragyna speciosa Korth is known for its euphoric properties and is frequently used for recreational purposes. Several poisoning and fatal cases involving mitragynine have been reported but the underlying causes remain unclear. Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the cardiac IKr current which is a determinant of the duration of ventricular action potentials and QT interval. On the other hand, IK1, a Kir current mediated by Kir2.1 channel and IKACh, a receptor-activated Kir current mediated by GIRK channel are also known to be important in maintaining the cardiac function. This study investigated the effects of mitragynine on the current, mRNA and protein expression of hERG channel in hERG-transfected HEK293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. The effects on Kir2.1 and GIRK channels currents were also determined in the oocytes. The hERG tail currents following depolarization pulses were inhibited by mitragynine with an IC50 value of 1.62μM and 1.15μM in the transfected cell line and Xenopus oocytes, respectively. The S6 point mutations of Y652A and F656A attenuated the inhibitor effects of mitragynine, indicating that mitragynine interacts with these high affinity drug-binding sites in the hERG channel pore cavity which was consistent with the molecular docking simulation. Interestingly, mitragynine does not affect the hERG expression at the transcriptional level but inhibits the protein expression. Mitragynine is also found to inhibit IKACh current with an IC50 value of 3.32μM but has no significant effects on IK1. Blocking of both hERG and GIRK channels may cause additive cardiotoxicity risks.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology*; ERG1 Potassium Channel/genetics; ERG1 Potassium Channel/metabolism; ERG1 Potassium Channel/physiology*
Multi-elemental composition and physical properties of honey samples from Malaysia

Chua LS, Abdul-Rahaman NL, Sarmidi MR, Aziz R

Food Chem, 2012 Dec 1;135(3):880-7.
PMID: 22953800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.106

The elemental profiles of six honey samples from Malaysia had been constructed using the data obtained from both ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Potassium and sodium were the most abundant minerals covering from 69.3-78.6% and 14.1-28.7%, respectively. The ratio of potassium to sodium was more than one. Even though the minerals and trace elements composition varied dependent on the type of honey samples, there was no statistically significant difference between the analysed honey samples, namely tualang, gelam, acacia and a few forest honeys based on two-factor ANOVA and cluster analysis. The total element content of honey samples were strongly correlated with the electrical conductivity, but only have moderate correlation with the ash content and honey colour based on the regression analysis. PCA result on the available elemental data from worldwide honeys, including honey samples from Malaysia revealed that potassium and sodium were the mineral markers to distinguish honey origin. Both tualang and gelam honey samples from Malaysia have close mineral profile with sesame honeys from Egypt and multifloral honeys from India, whereas forest honeys Malaysia were near to avocado honeys from Spain and multifloral honeys from India.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium/analysis
Fulltext Effect of K-N-humates on dry matter production and nutrient use efficiency of maize in Sarawak, Malaysia

Petrus AC, Ahmed OH, Muhamad AM, Nasir HM, Jiwan M

ScientificWorldJournal, 2010 Jul 06;10:1282-92.
PMID: 20623087 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2010.121

Agricultural waste, such as sago waste (SW), is one of the sources of pollution to streams and rivers in Sarawak, particularly those situated near sago processing plants. In addition, unbalanced and excessive use of chemical fertilizers can cause soil and water pollution. Humic substances can be used as organic fertilizers, which reduce pollution. The objectives of this study were to produce K- and ammonium-based organic fertilizer from composted SW and to determine the efficiency of the organic-based fertilizer produced. Humic substances were isolated using standard procedures. Liquid fertilizers were formulated except for T2 (NPK fertilizer), which was in solid form. There were six treatments with three replications. Organic fertilizers were applied to soil in pots on the 10th day after sowing (DAS), but on the 28th DAS, only plants of T2 were fertilized. The plant samples were harvested on the 57th DAS during the tassel stage. The dry matter of plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) were determined and analyzed for N, P, and K using standard procedures. Soil of every treatment was also analyzed for exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Na, organic matter, organic carbon, available P, pH, total N, P, nitrate and ammonium contents using standard procedures. Treatments with humin (T5 and T6) showed remarkable results on dry matter production; N, P, and K contents; their uptake; as well as their use efficiency by maize. The inclusion of humin might have loosened the soil and increased the soil porosity, hence the better growth of the plants. Humin plus inorganic fertilizer provided additional nutrients for the plants. The addition of inorganic fertilizer into compost is a combination of quick and slow release sources, which supplies N throughout the crop growth period. Common fertilization by surface application of T2 without any additives (acidic and high CEC materials) causes N and K to be easily lost. High Ca in the soil may have reacted with phosphate from fertilizer to form Ca phosphate, an insoluble compound of phosphate that is generally not available to plants, especially roots. Mixing soil with humin produced from composted SW before application of fertilizers (T5 and T6) significantly increased maize dry matter production and nutrient use efficiency. Additionally, this practice does not only improve N, P, and K use efficiency, but it also helps to reduce the use of N-, P-, and K-based fertilizers by 50%.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium/metabolism*
Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from palm shell by chemical activation with K2CO3

Adinata D, Wan Daud WM, Aroua MK

Bioresour Technol, 2007 Jan;98(1):145-9.
PMID: 16380249

Palm shell was used to prepare activated carbon using potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as activating agent. The influence of carbonization temperatures (600-1000 degrees C) and impregnation ratios (0.5-2.0) of the prepared activated carbon on the pore development and yield were investigated. Results showed that in all cases, increasing the carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio, the yield decreased, while the adsorption of CO2 increased, progressively. Specific surface area of activated carbon was maximum about 1170 m2/g at 800 degrees C with activation duration of 2 h and at an impregnation ratio of 1.0.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium/chemistry*
Fulltext Tell tale of tablets in bronchus

Shimpi T, Chawla A, Shikhare S

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Feb;70(1):36-7.
PMID: 26032528

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is an emergency of concern at all ages. However, in adults, it can present with atypical symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing or rarely cyanosis. Aspiration of oral medications is seen in the elderly population with impairment of protective airway mechanism. Treatment of choice is endoscopic removal of the foreign body. We report such a case of foreign body aspiration (potassium chloride tablet), diagnosed on imaging and subsequently developed bronchostenosis. There are a very few reported cases of oral potassium supplement aspiration and associated complications in the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium; Potassium Chloride
Direct recovery of cyclodextringlycosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus using aqueous two-phase flotation

Lin YK, Show PL, Yap YJ, Tan CP, Ng EP, Ariff AB, et al.

J Biosci Bioeng, 2015 Dec;120(6):684-9.
PMID: 26111602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.04.013

Purification of cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase) from Bacillus cereus using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-potassium phosphates aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) system was studied in this paper. The effects of varying PEG molecular weight, tie-line length (TLL) value, volume ratio (VR), pH value, crude concentration and gas nitrogen flotation time were investigated. The optimal condition for purification of CGTase was attained at 18.0% (w/w) PEG 8000, 7.0% (w/w) potassium phosphates, VR of 3.0, 20% (w/w) crude load at pH 7, and 80 min nitrogen flotation time at a flow rate of 5 L/min. With this optimal condition, purification factor (PFT) of 21.8 and a yield (YT) of 97.1% were attained. CGTase was successfully purified in a single downstream processing step using the ATPF.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium; Potassium Compounds
Gamma activity of some building materials in West Malaysia

Chong CS, Ahmad GU

Health Phys, 1982 Aug;43(2):272-3.
PMID: 7129886
Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Radioisotopes/analysis*
Validation and comparison of three formulae to estimate sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine compared to 24-h measures in 11 countries

Mente A, O'Donnell MJ, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A, Lear SA, McQueen MJ, et al.

J Hypertens, 2014 May;32(5):1005-14; discussion 1015.
PMID: 24569420 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000122

Although 24-h urinary measure to estimate sodium and potassium excretion is the gold standard, it is not practical for large studies. We compared estimates of 24-h sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine (MFU) using three different formulae in healthy individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium/urine*
A STUDY OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN SOME BUILDING MATERIALS IN NIGERIA

Maxwell O, Emmanuel JS, Olusegun AO, Cyril EO, Ifeanyi AT, Embong Z

Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2019 May 01;183(3):332-335.
PMID: 30085254 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy121

Building materials of different brands were assessed for the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using HPGe detector. The activity concentrations in the measured samples ranged from 27 ± 8 to 82 ± 8 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 41 ± 4 to 101 ± 8 Bq kg-1 for 232Th and 140 ± 8 to 940 ± 19 Bq kg-1 for 40K, respectively. The Radium equivalent (Raeq) activity from the samples was found to be <370 Bq kg-1 as the recommended value for construction materials. This study will set a baseline data for significant standards on radiation exposure of the measured radionuclides in the selected building materials used in Nigeria.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Radioisotopes/analysis*
Fulltext Data on the construction of a recombinant HEK293 cell line overexpressing hERG potassium channel and examining the presence of hERG mRNA and protein expression

Teah YF, Abduraman MA, Amanah A, Adenan MI, Fariza Sulaiman S, Tan ML

Data Brief, 2017 Oct;14:584-591.
PMID: 28879216 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.08.008

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "The effects of deoxyelephantopin on the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr) and human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) expression" (Y.F. Teah, M.A. Abduraman, A. Amanah, M.I. Adenan, S.F. Sulaiman, M.L. Tan) [1], which the possible hERG blocking properties of deoxyelephantopin were investigated. This article describes the construction of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells overexpressing HERG potassium channel and verification of the presence of hERG mRNA and protein expression in this recombinant cell line.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Channels; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels
The status of natural radioactivity in Nigerian environments

Olatunji MA, Khandaker MU, Nwankwo VUJ, Idris AM

Radiat Environ Biophys, 2022 Nov;61(4):597-608.
PMID: 36175773 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00993-3

Proper documentation of baseline radiation data of different environments is an important step toward adequate environmental monitoring, and it provides quick means to quantitatively check and determine possible radionuclide contamination by anthropogenic sources. Besides, such documentation is useful for decision making processes, assessment of dose rates to the public, epidemiological studies, and environmental regulations. This review summarizes the results of studies conducted on radioactivity in Nigerian environments. For most soil samples, the levels of radioactivity are well within the world averages of 33, 45, and 420 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Other soil samples from regions such as Abeokuta in the southwest, and Jos in the northcentral have been described as high background radiation areas with radioactivity values comparable with those obtained from known high background radiation areas such as the Odisha (formerly Orissa) coast in India (with values reported as 350, 2,825, and 180 Bq kg-1 for 238U/226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively). In some parts of Nigeria, surface and underground water sources used for drinking and other purposes also present elevated levels of 226Ra above the world range of 0.01 to 0.1 Bq l-1 and the tolerable levels recommended by the World Health Organization and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Corresponding radiation doses due to measured radioactivities from different environments were estimated and compared with those reported in similar studies around the world. More so, the human and environmental health hazards that might be associated with the reported radioactivity in different environmental settings are discussed. The present report is expected to support authorities in developing appropriate regulations to protect the public from radiation exposure arising from environmental radioactivity. The report also examines other areas of consideration for future studies to ensure adequate radiation monitoring in Nigeria.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium Radioisotopes/analysis
Nutritional values of wild edible freshwater macrophytes

Zakaria MH, Ramaiya SD, Bidin N, Syed NNF, Bujang JS

PeerJ, 2023;11:e15496.
PMID: 37456903 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15496

BACKGROUND: The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be used as food for humans. This study determined the proximate composition and mineral content of three freshwater macrophyte species, i.e., Eichhornia crassipes, Limnocharis flava, and Neptunia oleracea.
METHODS: Young shoots of E. crassipes, L. flava, and N. oleracea were collected from shallow channels of Puchong (3°00'11.89″N, 101°42'43.12″E), Ladang 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia (2°58'44.41″N, 101°42'44.45″E), and Kampung Alur Selibong, Langgar (06°5'50.9″N, 100°26'49.8″E), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The nutritional values of these macrophytes were analysed by using a standard protocol from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Eight replicates of E. crassipes and L. flava and four replicates of N. oleracea were used for the subsequent analyses.
RESULTS: In the proximate analysis, N. oleracea possessed the highest percentage of crude protein (29.61%) and energy content (4,269.65 cal g-1), whereas L. flava had the highest percentage of crude fat (5.75%) and ash (18.31%). The proximate composition trend for each species was different; specifically, all of the species possessed more carbohydrates and fewer crude lipids. All of the species demonstrated a similar mineral trend, with high nitrogen and potassium and lower copper contents. Nitrogen and potassium levels ranged from 12,380-40,380 mg kg-1 and from 11,212-33,276 mg kg-1, respectively, and copper levels ranged from 16-27 mg kg-1. The results showed that all three plant species, i.e., E. crassipes, N. oleracea, and L. flava are plant-based sources of macro- and micronutrient beneficial supplements for human consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Potassium/analysis
Fulltext Female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. mobilised energy differently for growth and reproduction according to living environment

Razali RS, Rahmah S, Shirly-Lim YL, Ghaffar MA, Mazelan S, Jalilah M, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 05;14(1):2903.
PMID: 38316820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52864-0

This study was conducted to investigate the energy mobilisation preference and ionoregulation pattern of female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. living in different environments. Three different treatments of tilapia as physiology compromising model were compared; tilapia cultured in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS as Treatment I-RAS), tilapia cultured in open water cage (Treatment II-Cage) and tilapia transferred from cage and cultured in RAS (Treatment III-Compensation). Results revealed that tilapia from Treatment I and III mobilised lipid to support gonadogenesis, whilst Treatment II tilapia mobilised glycogen as primary energy for daily exercise activity and reserved protein for growth. The gills and kidney Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) activities remained relatively stable to maintain homeostasis with a stable Na+ and K+ levels. As a remark, this study revealed that tilapia strategized their energy mobilisation preference in accessing glycogen as an easy energy to support exercise metabolism and protein somatogenesis in cage culture condition, while tilapia cultured in RAS mobilised lipid for gonadagenesis purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism

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