METHODS: Cellular morphology, proliferation rate, tenogenic protein and gene expression levels from 8 different treatment groups were compared. These groups include untreated ADMSCs (Control), Roxadustat pre-conditioned ADMSCs (ROX), ADMSCs subjected CAY10585 treatment only (CAY), Roxadustat pre-conditioned ADMSCs with CAY10585 inhibition (ROX+CAY), ADMSCs subjected to uniaxial stretching only (S), Roxadustat pre-conditioned ADMSCs with uniaxial stretching (ROX+S), ADMSCs subjected CAY10585 with uniaxial stretching (CAY+S) and primary tenocytes (Tenocytes).
RESULTS: ROX+S group exhibited the highest expression of HIF-1α and demonstrated a significant up-regulation of collagen I and III expressions, increasing by 4.9 and 5.6-fold compared to ROX group, respectively. There is a significant increase of SCX, TNC, TNMD, COLI and COLIII expression in this combination treatment group; (SCX= 9.9, TNC= 12.6, TNMD= 7.0, COLI= 8.0 and COLIII= 10.0-fold). Conversely, the expression of the markers markedly reduced with HIF-1α inhibitor CAY10585. However, uniaxial stretching effectively counteracted the inhibitory effects of CAY10585 in the CAY+ S group, resulting in a 3.9-fold increase in SCX expression compared to CAY treatment alone.
CONCLUSION: HIF-1α accumulation promotes superior tenogenic differentiation of ADMSCs, suggesting that the combination of Roxadustat and cyclic uniaxial stretching may be a potential therapeutic mediator in tendon repair strategies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze trends in maternal hypertensive disorders across South Asia from 1990 to 2021, leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions and provide actionable recommendations.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using GBD 2021 data for Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Health trends such as prevalence, incidence, and maternal mortality ratios (MMR) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Join point regression. This approach allowed us to identify significant changes and trends over the studied period.
RESULTS: The study revealed significant declines in the prevalence and MMR associated with maternal hypertensive disorders across the region. Notable reductions were observed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, while Pakistan showed minimal improvement, indicating ongoing healthcare challenges. The analysis underscores substantial regional disparities, particularly in Pakistan, which reported higher prevalence rates and MMR across all age groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that targeted healthcare interventions can effectively reduce the burden of maternal hypertensive disorders in South Asia. However, persistent disparities in Pakistan highlight the need for region-specific strategies to address gaps in healthcare access and quality. Strengthening healthcare policies and improving intervention coverage could further mitigate the burden of HDP in South Asia.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test a newly designed scan-aid apparatus for evaluating the effect of geometric heterogeneity and additional reference points on the time efficiency and scanning precision of complete arch implant scanning.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 scans (20 per group) were performed using an intraoral scanner in 3 different clinical simulations: 2 parallel implants, 4 parallel implants, and 4 implants; 2 anterior implants in parallel axial orientation; and 2 distal implants with a 30-degree posterior inclination. The scanning procedure was alternated between scanning with the scan-aid apparatus (test groups; 4IP+, 4IA+, 2IP+) and without (control groups; 4IP-, 4IA-, 2IP-). A 3-dimensional (3D) inspection software program was used to assess scan precision. Test group scans were compared with a reference scan for repeatability, with and without the scan-aid apparatus. One scan per group was the reference; the others were superimposed by using a best-fit algorithm. The 3D standard deviations were recorded for repeatability analysis. To assess time efficiency, the total scanning time, actual scanning time, and time lost were measured. A paired t test was used to compare means between the groups (α=.05).
RESULTS: Precision was significantly higher in the test groups using the scan-aid apparatus than in the control groups (P
RESULTS: In this study, we examined the effects of mutations on the sodium channel gating properties and pyrethroid sensitivity in Xenopus oocytes. We found mutations A1007G, A1007G + F1534C and A1007G + V1016G + F1534C shifted the voltage dependence of activation in the depolarizing direction. Mutations A1007G + F1534C and A1007G + V1016G + F1534C shifted the voltage dependence of inactivation in the depolarizing direction. Both mutations A1007G and F1534C reduced the channel sensitivity to two Type I pyrethroids, permethrin and bifenthrin, and synergistic effects were observed between mutations A1007G and F1534C. However, none of the mutations, A1007G, F1534C and A1007G + F1534C affected the channel sensitivity to two Type II pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Furthermore, triple mutations A1007G + V1016G + F1534C significantly reduced the channel sensitivity to both Type I and Type II pyrethroids.
CONCLUSION: We identified A1007G had a distinct effect on sodium channel sensitivity to Type I, but not to Type II pyrethroids, also A1007G exhibited synergistic effects with F1534C to Type I pyrethroids, which will provide a fundamental insight into the distinct molecular interactions between insect sodium channel and Type I or Type II pyrethroids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
METHODS: An online survey was conducted among surgeons and urologists identified through the St. Jude Global Online Community Asia Pacific Pediatric Surgical Collaborations Group and participants of the St. Jude-VIVA Pediatric Surgical Oncology Symposium 2024.
RESULTS: Ninety-six of 99 respondents provided replies, together representing 11 countries and 51 institutions. The majority (n = 90, 93.8%) were pediatric surgeons, with 26.7% having had subspecialty training in urology or oncology; 60% had experience managing Wilms tumors for more than 5 years, though 64% performed less than three nephrectomies per year. A chemotherapy-first approach was specified by 31% of institutions, but employed by 40% of respondents in actual practice. Of those who practiced a chemotherapy-first approach, 44.8% did so without an initial biopsy. Notably, 38% of respondents and 55% of institutions did not adhere to a consistent protocol. Lymph node biopsy practices varied widely, with only 40.6% sampling routinely and 56.3% had ever experienced a tumor rupture during nephrectomy. Most (90%) perceived that Wilms tumors comprised 90% of all renal tumors in Asian children-contrary to known demographic data.
CONCLUSION: There is substantial variation in the upfront surgical management of renal tumors in Asia Pacific LMICs. Considering the unique epidemiology of renal tumors in Asians and limited surgical capabilities, there is a great need for regional collaboration to better standardize the initial surgical management approach.
METHODS: Data for this study were sourced from the Global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 study, which utilizes a Bayesian meta-regression model to estimate mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Spatial maps depicting the age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized mortality rate for neonatal disorders in South Asia were generated using QGIS software. Mortality forecasts for the period 2022-2031, attributed to various neonatal disorders, were produced employing the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model in R software. Additionally, an analysis of overall neonatal mortality trends from 1980 to 2021 was conducted, supplemented by a heat map that compares DALYs attributable to various neonatal disorders across South Asian countries in 2021.
RESULTS: Between 1980 and 2021, South Asia experienced a substantial decline in neonatal mortality rates, with India and Bangladesh leading the progress. Mortality decreased by 40%, while DALYs fell by 35%, despite a 15% increase in the prevalence. The prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma surged by 355%, yet its mortality dropped by 31%. Pakistan recorded the highest neonatal mortality and disease burden, particularly for hemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice and neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. In India and Bangladesh, neonatal preterm birth and neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections contributed most to mortality. Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma accounted for the highest DALYs. Forecasts predict continued reductions in neonatal mortality across South Asia, except in Pakistan, where persistently high rates are expected till 2031.
CONCLUSION: For South Asian countries to meet the SDG target for neonatal mortality by 2030, intensified and continuous efforts are required. These efforts should focus on identifying high-risk pregnancies and improving the quality of care during childbirth to address the root causes and reduce preventable neonatal deaths.
METHODS: We will search PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of multiplex PCR for the diagnosis of encephalitis caused by viruses from January 2014 to December 2024. Observational study designs with full text will be exported and included. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Analyses will be performed using the "mada" package of R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), and the Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) will be calculated using the "midas" package of STATA version 15.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Certainty of evidence will be performed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) software.
RESULTS: The results will provide clinical evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of the multiplex PCR assay for the detection of viruses that cause encephalitis, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-). Finally, we intent to submit this systematic review and meta-analysis to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review aims to provide current evidence for multiplex PCR assay for the diagnosis of viruses causing encephalitis. Importantly, this study focuses on the use of multiplex PCR for viral diagnosis and helps clinicians and patients to better understand its role in the diagnosis of CNS diseases.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023485942.