METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done. The translation was conducted in ten steps including forwards and back translation. Six experts were recruited for content validation of clarity, comprehension and relevancy of the items. Ten subjects from the target population were recruited for face validation of clarity and comprehension. For confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), all eligible caregivers were recruited until the sample size of 222 subjects was satisfied.
RESULTS: For content validity, two items had low Item-level Content Validity Index and were suggested for rephrasing. The following face validity had an acceptable Item-level Face Validity Index between 0.9 and 1 for all items. In CFA, four items were suggested to be removed due to low factor loading. The final model had Robust Comparative Fit Index of 0.889, Robust Tucker-Lewis Index of 0.877, Robust Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of 0.066 (95%CI: 0.059,0.072) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual of 0.064. The composite reliability for all factors were between 0.77 and 0.91 respectively. Significant difference was observed when the mean total quality of life score was compared among caregivers with different depression, anxiety and stress status. As for test-retest reliability, it was found that the questionnaire had good intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.86 (95%CI: 1.08,4.35).
CONCLUSIONS: The Malay version of AC-QoL demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability, suitable for evaluating the quality of life among informal caregivers of stroke survivors in Malaysia. The questionnaire serves as a comprehensive tool for one-time assessments and holds promise for gauging intervention effectiveness.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase to identify studies on help-seeking behaviors, intentions, and barriers to help-seeking among college students with mental health problems. Random effect models were used to calculate the pooled proportions.
RESULTS: Of the 8,919 identified studies, 62 met the inclusion criteria and were included (n = 53 on help-seeking behaviors, n = 21 on help-seeking intentions, and n = 14 on treatment barriers). The pooled prevalence of active help-seeking behaviors was 28% (179,915/435,768 individuals; 95% CI: 23%-33%, I2 = 99.6%), and the aggregated prevalence of help-seeking intentions was 41% (62,456/80161 individuals; 95% CI: 26%-58%, I2 = 99.8%). Common barriers reported by students included a preference to address issues on their own, time constraints, insufficient knowledge of accessible resources, and a perceived lack of need for professional help.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the gap between the mental health needs of the students and their actual help-seeking rates. Although personal barriers are common, systemic or contextual challenges also affect college students' help-seeking behaviors.
METHODS: Literature searches were conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCO databases up to 25 June 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified, and data extraction sheets were prepared. Study quality was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool in Review Manager 5.4, and Stata18.0 software was used for heterogeneity analysis, subgroup analysis, forest plots, stratification analysis, and bias assessment.
RESULTS: Moderate physical fatigue affected two-point shooting accuracy (P < 0.01),severe physical fatigue affected both two-point (P = 0.02) and three-point shooting accuracy (p < 0.01),with severe physical fatigue showing a greater detrimental impact on three-point shooting accuracy, while two-point shooting accuracy may vary under specific conditions. Additionally, adolescent athletes were less affected by severe physical fatigue compared to adult athletes or those with longer training experience. Moderate mental fatigue also significantly reduced free-throw accuracy (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The shooting accuracy of basketball players was significantly affected by moderate and severe physical fatigue. Severe physical fatigue notably adversely affected the accuracy of three-point shooting relative to moderate fatigue; Additionally, moderate mental fatigue significantly reduced free-throw accuracy, which may be attributed to a decline in cognitive executive functions, highlighting the importance of fatigue management in sports training.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, identifier CRD42024539553.
METHODS: The efficacy and cross-reactivity of two vaccine candidates derived from the soluble glycoproteins of both NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) was evaluated in our recently established hamster model.
RESULTS: Both vaccine preparations resulted in strong humoral responses against NiV antigenic targets, demonstrating cross-reactive immunity. Efficacy was determined through challenge of hamsters with NiV Malaysian (NiV-M) strain. 100% of the hamsters survived a lethal challenge dose after prime/boost immunisation with glycoproteins derived from both NiV and HeV in the presence of adjuvant, with clinical signs and pathology being significantly reduced in immunised animals.
DISCUSSION: This is first time the NiV and HeV soluble glycoproteins have been compared in the NiV-M hamster challenge model in the presence of Alhydrogel and AddaVax, providing evidence that glycoproteins from closely related henipavirus species can provide cross-protectivity against infection from alternate henipaviruses, supporting the potential of an effective pan-henipavirus vaccine for use in a frontline outbreak response.
SCOPE: For this review, we analysed recent research publications reporting specifically on plant transcription factor (TF) expression in association with PGPB, to determine if there are any common findings and to identify gaps that offer opportunities for focused future research.
CONCLUSIONS: The inoculation of plants with PGPB elicits a dynamic and temporal response. Initially, there is an upregulation of defence-responsive TFs, followed by their downregulation in an intermediate phase, and finally, another upregulation, providing longer term stress tolerance. PGPB priming activates plant defences in the form of induced systemic resistance (ISR), often via the MAMP/MAPK pathways and involving one or more of the major plant hormone-signalling pathways and their crosstalk. Following PGPB priming, the TF families most commonly reported as expressed across different plants and for different pathogens are ERF and WRKY, while the TFs most commonly expressed across different plants for different abiotic stresses are ERF and DREB. There were inconsistencies between studies regarding the timing of the shift from the initial phase to the intermediate phase, and some of the TFs expressed during this process have not been fully characterized. This calls for more research to investigate the regulatory functions and phases of TF expression, to enhance crop resilience. Most reports on abiotic stresses have focused on salinity and drought, with fewer studies addressing nutrient deficiency, heavy metals, flooding and other stresses, highlighting the need for further research in these areas.
METHODS: Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to four groups, with six rats in each group. Group 1 was administered distilled water. Group 2 was administered V. amygdalina aqueous leaf extract alone. Group 3 was administered metformin alone. Group 4 was co-administered V. amygdalina extract plus metformin. Blood was collected at predetermined intervals, and plasma metformin levels were measured with liquid chromatography. The area under the curve (AUC0-t), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax), half-life (t1/2), and clearance (CL), were calculated based on noncompartment analysis. The effect of the extract on CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and UGT activities was determined using a Fluorometric Screening Kit.
RESULTS: The combined treatment altered the pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin. The Tmax increased from 90±0.18 min to 180±0.13 min and the Cmax, increased from 0.91±0.32 μg/mL to 2.153±0.28 μg/mL. Additionally, the AUC(0-t) increased from 118.25±1.37 μg min mL-1 to 301.006±1.96 μg min mL-1 and the t1/2 increased from 34.69±0.61 min to 101.321±0.55 min. However, the CL rate was decreased. The extract inhibited CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzyme activities.
CONCLUSIONS: The alteration of pharmacokinetic parameters by the extract suggests potential herb-drug interactions.
OBJECTIVE: To compare mortality and functional outcomes of treatment with 3% HTS vs 20% mannitol among children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at risk of elevated ICP.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted between June 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, at 28 participating pediatric intensive care units in the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine in Asia Network (PACCMAN) and the Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed) in Asia, Latin America, and Europe. The study included children (aged <18 years) with moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤13).
EXPOSURE: Treatment with 3% HTS compared with 20% mannitol.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Multiple log-binomial regression analysis was performed for mortality, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed for discharge Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Pediatric Version (GOS-E-Peds) scores. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was also performed using the propensity score method to control for baseline imbalance between groups.
RESULTS: This study included 445 children with a median age of 5.0 (IQR, 2.0-11.0) years. More than half of the patients (279 [62.7%]) were boys, and 344 (77.3%) had severe TBI. Overall, 184 children (41.3%) received 3% HTS, 82 (18.4%) received 20% mannitol, 69 (15.5%) received both agents, and 110 (24.7%) received neither agent. The mortality rate was 7.1% (13 of 184 patients) in the HTS group and 11.0% (9 of 82 patients) in the mannitol group (P = .34). After adjusting for age, sex, presence of child abuse, time between injury and hospital arrival, lowest GCS score in the first 24 hours, and presence of extradural hemorrhage, no between-group differences in mortality, hospital discharge PCPC scores, or 3-month GOS-E-Peds scores were observed.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of children with moderate to severe TBI, the use of HTS was not associated with increased survival or improved functional outcomes compared with mannitol. Future large multicenter randomized clinical trials are required to validate these findings.