RESULTS: Our results show that using the MobileNetV2 architecture with transparent sticky traps as training data, the model predicted the pest species on transparent sticky traps with an accuracy of at least 0.95 and on other sticky trap colours with at least 0.85 of the F1 score. Using a generalised linear model (GLM) and a Boruta feature selection algorithm, we also showed that the colour and architecture of the sticky traps significantly influenced the performance of the model.
CONCLUSION: Our results support the development of an automatic classification of pests on a sticky trap, which should focus on colour and deep learning architecture to achieve good results. Future studies could aim to incorporate the trap system into pest monitoring, providing more accurate and cost-effective results in a pest management programme. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the study protocol was registered with Prospero (CRD42024509627). Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature up to February 1, 2024, to include studies that compare HoLEP and RASP in patients with BPH. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS: HoLEP and RASP demonstrated equivalent effectiveness in treating BPH, as shown by similar functional outcomes such as maximum urinary flow rate and postvoid residual volume. However, HoLEP outperformed RASP in several operational efficiency metrics, reducing operative time by 49.48 minutes, hospitalization duration by 1.5 days, and catheterization period by 3.8 days. HoLEP also significantly reduced the risk of blood transfusions by 75%. Patients undergoing RASP were 1.87 times more at risk for grade 2 complications and 3.41 times more at risk for developing grade 3 or above complications.
CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP and RASP are effective for managing BPH. HoLEP shows advantages in recovery metrics and lower blood transfusion rates, while RASP benefits from ease of implementation in robotic-equipped facilities. Optimizing surgical outcomes will depend on reducing disparities in technique adoption, improving surgical training, and aligning with evidence-based guidelines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro and in vivo models of OA were established using IL-1β-induced mouse chondrocytes and a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model, respectively. Ferroptosis was evaluated through measurements of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, intracellular levels of Fe2+, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), propidium iodide staining, and Western blot analysis. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation (IP), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and glutathione-S-transferase pulldown assays. In vivo validation was performed via Safranin O staining.
RESULTS: IL-1β induced ferroptosis and increased histone acetylation, effects that were partially reversed by Sirt1 overexpression. Mechanistically, Sirt1 overexpression upregulated ferritin light polypeptide (Ftl) expression by deacetylating Ftl at the K181 residue. Ftl knockdown inhibited the ferroptosis-enhancing effect of Sirt1 overexpression in chondrocytes. In vivo studies showed that Sirt1 overexpression mitigated the progression of OA and reduced ferroptosis in the DMM-induced OA mouse model.
CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that Sirt1 overexpression promotes Ftl expression through deacetylation at the K181 site, thereby suppressing chondrocyte ferroptosis and attenuating the progression of OA. These results suggest a potential therapeutic target for OA treatment.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to December 1, 2024. Observational studies assessing SHBG levels and prostate cancer risk were included. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic, and quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 4.4.
RESULTS: Sixteen studies, including 720,298 participants and 90,799 prostate cancer cases, were analyzed. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for prostate cancer risk per unit increase in SHBG was 0.907 (95% CI 0.799-1.030), indicating no statistically significant association. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among the included studies (I2 = 79%; P
METHODS: We obtained a convenience sample of 30 patients with delirium on postoperative day 1 matched to 30 matched controls by age, sex, ethnicity, center and cardiopulmonary bypass time. The Olink Explore 3K platform was used to identify blood protein alterations on postoperative day 3. Protein concentrations were expressed as normalized protein expression (NPx) units (log2 fold scale). We compared protein expression between cases and controls using a paired t-test and reported significantly different biomarkers based on a False Discovery Rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value<0.05.
RESULTS: Of 2,865 unique serum proteins, 26 (0.9%) were significantly associated with delirium status; all were elevated in cases versus controls at an FDR<0.05. Pathway analysis identified "calcium-release channel activity" (Padj=0.02) and "Guanosine 5' triphosphate (GTP)-binding" (Padj=0.005) functions as characteristic of proteins associated with delirium. The top three differentially expressed biomarkers were FKBP1B (Padj=0.003), C2CD2L (Padj=0.004), and RAB6B (Padj=0.004). The inflammatory biomarker IL-8 (CXCL8) (mean difference = 2.36; P=3.6x10-4) was also associated with delirium.
DISCUSSION: We identified 26 biomarkers significantly associated with delirium; all are novel except for IL-8. We did not identify an association between delirium and recognized neuro-inflammatory proteins and markers of brain injury, which supports using biomarkers to differentiate between delirium and other neurological conditions. While exploratory, our findings support using biomarkers to diagnose postoperative delirium and validate using agnostic screens to identify potential delirium biomarkers.
METHODS: This baseline study was conducted in two urban municipalities of Lalitpur district as preparation for a larger intervention study (Mahalaxmi municipality will be the intervention and Godawari the comparison/control area). The study population was women belonging to the mother's groups of 45 female community health volunteers (FCHVs) from each municipality. The study was done from September 2023 to January 2024. A total of 1207 individuals (580 in Mahalaxmi and 627 in Godawari) were involved. Data on demographics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence was collected using a pre-validated structured questionnaire.
RESULTS: The average age, educational status, monthly income, occupation, presence of respiratory disease, chronic diseases and communicable diseases were found to be not different among the two municipalities. Work experience, presence of respiratory disease and of health worker in the household was different in the baseline survey among the two locations. Knowledge was higher in Mahalaxmi municipality, but adherence was higher in Godawari municipality (p <0.0001). No significant difference was seen in attitude and practice scales. Knowledge, attitude, practice and adherence scores among different subgroups of respondents in the two municipalities were found to be significantly different for occupation (p <0.0001), and education (p <0.0001). The attitude scores were also significantly different according to presence/absence of respiratory disease in the household (p = 0.027).
CONCLUSION: At baseline the two study sites were broadly comparable in terms of participants' demographic characteristics. There was higher knowledge and lower adherence in Mahalaxmi municipality. An educational intervention to improve KAP and adherence is required and will be conducted.
METHODS: Qualitative methodology was used to analyze data, collected via survey. The survey designed and conducted by WiMPBME targeted both males and females working in medical-related STEM fields (physics and engineering) and was answered by 921 individuals from 76 countries across all continents. This report analysed the responses to one open-ended question of the survey, namely: "What is the one positive that you have learnt/experienced as a result of working from home during this pandemic?".
RESULTS: 594 responded to the question of interest. Access to home office was reported by 72.2% of survey participants. Males were more likely than females to report no positives of working from home (62.9%). Females were more likely to cite quality time, physical and mental health as positive factors than males, and to mention children in their responses. The most commonly coded thematic unit for males was remote working, with many males reporting the feasibility of working from home. Increased work productivity, better time management and work organisation were other common themes highlighted by responders irrespective of gender.
CONCLUSION: The findings of the survey show the diversity of perceptions about remote working in STEM fields, while highlighting the importance of considering family dynamics, individual circumstances as well as gender when evaluating varied experiences of STEM professionals.
METHODS: Retrospective study of 182 neonates with HIE and managed with TH. The predominant pattern of HIE brain injury on MRI performed following cooling was scored by neuroradiologists. The electroencephalogram (EEG) background and evoked potential (EP) response, were analyzed. Area under the curve (AUC) of these tools for adverse outcome including death and/or moderate disabilities using the Bayley-III at 36 months were calculated. A stepwise model approach was used to reach the final most efficient predictive model.
RESULTS: Of 182 neonates, 99 were male (54.4 %), with median gestational age of 39 weeks (IQR 38-40) and median weight of 3.3 kg (IQR 2.9-3.7). On admission, 47 (26 %), 104 (57 %) and 31(17 %) neonates presented with mild, moderate and severe encephalopathy respectively. In multivariate analysis of 129 infants who received all prognostic modalities, the predictive value of a model of EEG plus MRI, AUC = 84 %) is equivalent to models of EEG plus MRI with added EP and clinical assessment at discharge (AUC = 84 and 85 % respectively).
CONCLUSION: In the era of cooling for neonatal HIE, the combination of EEG background and MRI during the first few days of life, provide an objective and highly reliable model for prediction of death and long-term disabilities.
METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients who underwent LD was compared with a retrospective control that underwent BD. In both groups, early apical release was performed, and the adenoma was split at 12 O'clock after complete enucleation. In LD, a trans-capsular plane was sharply created by LD and is guided by the circular capsular fibers. A mechanical push with the resectoscope tip was used to create and maintain the ideal surgical plane in the BD group while the laser energy was used to achieve timely hemostasis. The primary outcome was stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as the need to use any number of pads, immediately after catheter removal, at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively.
RESULTS: Consecutive 51 (48.6%) and 54 (51.4%) patients underwent BD and LD, respectively. The LD group tends to be older while other demographics were comparable. Both groups were comparable regarding the estimated prostate volume, enucleation time, and postoperative resolution of symptoms. Continence recovery was in favor of the LD group immediately after removing the catheter (77.8% vs. 43.1%; p
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Leaves of G. umbrosus were cleaned, air dried, ground, and soaked for 24 hours with methanol and hexane repeatedly three times, respectively. Pooled extracts of each solvent were then dried with a rotary evaporator. Anticancer potential of G. umbrosus extracts was evaluated on two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and a normal HGF cell line incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed as a positive control. Morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope.
RESULTS: MTT assay revealed that G. umbrosus methanol extract (GUME) displayed moderate anticancer activity on SCC-15, HSC-3, and HGF cell lines with IC50 values of 126.67, 90.5, and 87.33 µg/mL following 72 hours' incubation times, respectively. G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) exerted moderate anticancer activity against SCC-15 and HSC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 171 and 174 µg/mL, respectively, but weak cytotoxicity against the HGF cell line with IC50 value of 343.5 µg/mL. Cisplatin exerted a strong cytotoxic impact on both OSCC and HGF cell lines. Morphological observation revealed the characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: The findings show that GUHE was more selective in inhibiting the proliferation of oral cancer cells than GUME by exerting moderate cytotoxicity on OSCC cell lines and weak cytotoxicity in HGF cells, while GUME exerted moderate cytotoxicity on both. These findings suggest a more targeted anticancer effect by GUHE as compared with cisplatin, which exerted nonselective cytotoxic activity. These findings provide a groundwork for the development of more targeted plant-based treatment for oral cancer.