METHODS: The data was extracted from published manuscripts between 2015 and 2024 using the reputed search engine "Pubmed." All gathered data were organized into a single table, facilitating a comparison with earlier findings.
RESULTS: The results of this study revealed most metabolites identified in previous metabolomic research on EC are associated with lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, understanding these metabolic pathway alterations in EC is crucial for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments by specially targeting these metabolic pathways.
AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of celastrol in metabolic diseases, focusing on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms and metabolic regulation effects, providing theoretical support for further investigation of its therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases.
METHODS: Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. This review primarily focuses on anti-inflammatory mechanisms of celastrol, its metabolic regulation, and toxicity studies, by systematically analyzing its effects in obesity, diabetes, AS, and NAFLD, providing scientific evidence for its potential clinical applications.
RESULTS: Celastrol regulates multiple signaling pathways, particularly inhibiting NF-κB and activating AMPK, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing its therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases. Additionally, celastrol regulates adipogenesis and energy metabolism by influencing key transcription factors such as PPARγ and SREBP-1c. Numerous studies highlight its role in alleviating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function, further enhancing its metabolic benefits.
CONCLUSION: In summary, celastrol holds great promise as a multi-target therapeutic agent for metabolic diseases, offering anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory, and antioxidative benefits. Despite these, challenges remain for the clinical application of celastrol due to its poor bioavailability and potential toxicity. Advanced formulation strategies and targeted delivery systems are urgently needed to overcome challenges related to bioavailability and clinical translation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A combined retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Psychiatry and Mental Health Clinic of Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) over an 18-month period, examining 286 patients diagnosed with MDD or TRD. Data were analyzed from governmental and societal perspectives, including direct medical costs, indirect costs, and other resource utilization.
RESULTS: TRD patients exhibited significantly higher health-care utilization, including a fivefold increase in the likelihood of attending more than 10 consultations (p = 0.035) and greater use of second-generation antipsychotics (p
METHODS: Plasmodium vivax samples collected from four provinces neighbouring either Myanmar or Malaysia were analysed using polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS: Fifteen and 18 amino acid substitutions were observed in 36 Pvs48/45 and 62 Pvs47 deduced amino acid sequences, respectively. Eleven haplotypes were identified in Pvs48/45 and 26 in Pvs47. Overall, low nucleotide diversities were observed for Pvs48/45 (π = 0.00104) and Pvs47 (π = 0.00321). Tajima's D, and Fu and Li's D* and F* values were negative for both genes, Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 while a significant difference was found in Pvs48/45 (P
RESULTS: In keeping with prior studies, CYP2D6*10 was found to be the most common defective allele. Nearly half of the (48.5%) participants were classified as intermediate and poor metabolizers. Linear regression analysis suggested that impaired CYP2D6 activity could be a predictor of anxiety and depression, consistent with the putative role of CYP2D6 in the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine, the mood-boosting neurotransmitters. We hope this brief report will prompt larger-scale studies to further elucidate the contribution of CYP2D6 to the genetic underpinnings of mental well-being.
METHODOLOGY: Two experiments recruited 208 participants who, after watching a first-person video of their experience of gender prejudice, filled out questionnaires measuring emotions, feelings of power, evaluation of the perpetrator and willingness to confront. A moderated mediation model was set up, and the bootstrapping method were applied.
FINDINGS: We found that the victim's feeling of power significantly mediated the relationship between anger and confrontation intention in bystander intervention. The victim's negative evaluation of the perpetrator significantly mediated between anger and confrontation intention in bystander neglect. Notably, both mediation models could be constructed only when the bystander was male rather than female.
IMPLICATIONS: This study has important implications for gender bias. The results reveal the psychological mechanism of victims coping with gender bias, and call for groups of all genders to join in the anti-gender bias alliance.
DESIGN: To generate a core outcome set for patients dealing with cleft lip and/or palate within Malaysia, a combination of scholarly research reviews and consensus-driven methodologies, such as questionnaires and collaborative discussions, were utilized to guide the development process.
SETTING: Multicenter study. Feedback obtains via face-to-face and online interaction.
PARTICIPANTS: Cleft Clinicians, Cleft Lip and Palate Association of Malaysia members, hospitals, and government bodies personal.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Participants provide their feedback and suggestions of each outcome measure.
RESULTS: Through a deliberative process, agreement was established on a uniform set of outcome measures selected from an initial list of 108 potential outcomes. These agreed-upon measures were classified into 12 primary domains: demographic, cleft detail, pregnancy, general pediatric, otolaryngology/audiology, speech, surgical, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, radiology, photographs, and study models.
CONCLUSION: A specialized core outcome set has been successfully developed for patients with cleft lip and/or palate, aiming to facilitate its implementation within the Malaysian healthcare system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A critical review of preclinical and clinical studies was conducted to summarize the therapeutic interventions that target specific mutations in PDAC, components of the tumor microenvironment, and drug delivery systems, especially nanotechnology, to enhance targeting and efficacy.
RESULTS: Inhibitors and nanotechnology-based targeted therapies have reported promise in preclinical models: drug delivery is enhanced with the loss of PDAC resistance mechanisms. Formulations and combinations targeting KRAS as well as other pathways point toward improved drug delivery over 'orthodox' treatment approaches.
CONCLUSION: This review concludes that although improvement in therapies for PDAC has incrementally been proven in recent literature, however, more research is expected to enhance these approaches so that they can be applied appropriately at the clinical stage. In future studies, it is expected to optimize treatment combinations, address mechanisms of resistance, and improve the delivery of drugs.
METHODS: The review follows a systematic methodology with four core components: eligibility criteria, review selection, data extraction, and data synthesis. Studies focused on AI applications and hybrid chatbots in healthcare, particularly in chronic disease management and mental health support, were included. Publications from 2022 to 2025 were prioritized, and peer-reviewed sources in English were considered. After screening 116 studies, 29 met the criteria for inclusion. Data was extracted using a structured template, capturing study objectives, methodologies, findings, and challenges. Thematic analysis was applied to identify four themes: AI applications, technical advancements, user adoption, and challenges/ethical concerns. Statistical and content analysis methods were employed to synthesize the data comprehensively, ensuring robustness in the findings.
RESULTS: Hybrid chatbots in healthcare have shown significant benefits, such as reducing hospital readmissions by up to 25%, improving patient engagement by 30%, and cutting consultation wait times by 15%. They are widely used for chronic disease management, mental health support, and patient education, demonstrating their efficiency in both developed and developing countries.
DISCUSSION: The review concludes that overcoming these barriers through infrastructure investment, training, and enhanced transparency is crucial for maximizing the potential of AI in healthcare. Future researchers should focus on long-term outcomes, addressing ethical considerations, and expanding cross-cultural adaptability. Limitations of the review include the narrow scope of some case studies and the absence of long-term data on AI's efficacy in diverse healthcare contexts. Further studies are needed to explore these challenges and the long-term impact of AI-driven healthcare solutions.