METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted across six countries/territories. Adult participants were categorized as MDD-ANH, MDD non-ANH, and General Population based on self-reported MDD diagnosis, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). Multivariate/generalized linear regression modeling (GLMs) and mediation analysis were used to assess anhedonia's impact on HRQoL/function, HRU, and work productivity.
RESULTS: Among 11 383 respondents, 20.1% were identified with MDD (MDD-ANH: 12.7%; MDD non-ANH: 7.3%) and 79.9% as General Population. Subjects with MDD-ANH, compared with MDD non-ANH demonstrated significantly worse or lower sexual functioning, HRQoL (RAND mental/physical component summary, health state utility (EuroQol) Index scores, all p
METHODS: Sixteen women who underwent an EmCS in the past year and experienced traumatic childbirth in a tertiary hospital in Luoyang, Henan Province had participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews between February and May 2023. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Four themes and ten sub-themes were extracted from the data: Theme 1: Journey from crisis to renewal: the psychological recovery process of women experienced traumatic childbirth after EmCS (stress phase, reaction phase, emotional processing and adjustment phase, and stabilization and reconstruction phase); Theme 2: Empowering mothers and families: addressing the multifaceted needs of comprehensive perinatal health education (insufficient individualized care: diversity and challenges of maternal needs, the gap in spousal involvement in perinatal health education); Theme 3: The barriers between patient-professional communication in healthcare (breaking the silence: needs to address the ineffective communication, beyond the diagnosis: needs for empathy in healthcare); and Theme 4: Limited family support (the forgotten mothers, husbands' emotional absence).
CONCLUSIONS: This study contributed to our understanding of the childbirth process for women undergoing EmCS. Women in this period experienced a range of negative emotions, they were lacking in sufficient health education, good communication between healthcare professionals and adequate family support. The research findings are valuable for us to identify their difficulties and needs, enabling us to provide assistance.
METHODS: Seven fecal samples from Hylobatidae (white-handed gibbon and siamang) were collected, and the bacteria therein were successfully isolated and subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
RESULTS: The acquired amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were successfully classified into 17 phyla, 82 families, 164 genera, and 43 species of microbes. Each small ape exhibited a unique gut microbiota profile. The phyla Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were dominant in each individual. Environmental conditions and host genetics are among the factors that influence the small ape's gut microbiome composition.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide valuable insights into the gut microbiota composition of small apes at Zoo Taiping and Night Safari, thus contributing to the health management and welfare efforts of small apes in captivity.
METHODS: Flare was defined using the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI flare index), and PAD was defined as an SLEDAI-2K score of ≥4, excluding serology only, on two or more consecutive visits with a maximum six-month interval. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop predictive models for flare and PAD, which were tested in an independent validation subset.
RESULTS: Among 3,811 patients over 2.8 (interquartile range 1.0-5.3) years of follow-up, 2,142 (56.2%) experienced flare and 1,786 (46.9%) had PAD, with 368 (9.7%) experiencing PAD but not flare. The most common flare features were nephritis and arthritis, whereas PAD was most commonly characterized by renal or mucocutaneous activity. After adjusting for prednisone dose and use of antimalarials and immunosuppressants, low gross domestic product in country of residence, smoking, arthritis, nephritis, and low complement levels were predictive for flare, whereas being in a low disease activity state for ≥50% of follow-up time (LLDAS50) was a protective factor. Renal activity and higher time-adjusted mean SLEDAI-2K were predictive of PAD, whereas LLDAS50 was protective. The models developed gave 72.1% and 83.8% correct classification of flare and PAD, respectively, in the validation cohort.
CONCLUSION: Both flare and PAD are common disease activity patterns in SLE; both predict organ damage accrual but differ in disease features and predictive factors. Because 9.7% of patients experience PAD but not flare, flare measures alone do not adequately capture all patients in whom disease control is suboptimal.
METHODS: We used a combination of search terms including "social capital" and "physical activity" to search the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and PsychINFO databases for English literature published up to March 1, 2024.
RESULTS: We identified 2,021 unique articles and reviewed 115 studies that met our inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated various dimensions of social capital, with key dimensions including social participation (34%), social networks (30%), social cohesion (30%), social trust (29%), overall social network (26%), social support (19%), safety (19%), norms of reciprocity (13%), social control (10%), satisfaction with the environment (8%), collective efficacy (4%), norms for physical activity (3%), and voting (1%). In studies exploring the relationship between social capital and physical activity, the majority of positive results in the hypothesized direction were observed in dimensions such as social cohesion, trust, participation, reciprocity, satisfaction with the environment, and overall social networks. In contrast, dimensions such as voting, collective efficacy, safety, control, and physical activity norms predominantly showed null or negative results. The results for social support were mixed, displaying positive, negative, and null outcomes, while findings for social networks were also predominantly mixed.
CONCLUSION: This study reveals the significant role of social capital in promoting physical activity, particularly in the dimensions of social cohesion, social trust, social participation, norms of reciprocity, satisfaction with environment, and overall social network. When designing public health interventions in the future, it is crucial to tailor strategies to different populations and contexts to better leverage social capital in promoting physical activity.
METHODS: In total, 63 consecutive systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease patients underwent lung function test, 6-minute walk distance, and quality of life-validated questionnaires (King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy dyspnea). King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease covers three components, namely chest, breathlessness, and psychological symptoms. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy dyspnea score has Part I (breathlessness symptoms) and Part II (physical limitation due to breathlessness). All assessments except for 6-minute walk distance were done both at baseline and at 12 months.
RESULTS: Both forced vital capacity predicted percentage at baseline and 12 months had significant negative correlation with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy dyspnea score Part I (p values: 0.038 and <0.001, respectively). Both forced vital capacity and diffuse capacity for carbon monoxide predicted percentage at 12 months were also negatively correlated with Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy dyspnea score Part II (p values: 0.001 and 0.010, respectively). There was no significant correlation between King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease score and the lung function parameters, at both baseline and at 1-year interval. Positive significant correlation was observed between forced vital capacity predicted percentage at baseline and 6-minute walk distance (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease affects quality of life, which is best assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy dyspnea score as it correlates significantly with the lung function test parameters.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) Community Survey and involved 8 hospitals and 1 spinal cord injury organization. A total of 285 participants met the inclusion criteria. Subsequently, 6/11 sections of the InSCI questionnaire were analysed through a path analysis.
RESULTS: The 3 most utilized healthcare providers reported were physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists (76.5%), physiotherapists (36.8%), and primary care physicians (27.4%). The top 3 most severe health problems reported were sexual dysfunction, muscle spasm and spasticity, and contractures. Healthcare services satisfaction was high. Health problems predicted healthcare utilization (β = 0.443), while activity limitation and participation restriction predicted healthcare services satisfaction (β = -0.202). The activity limitation and participation restriction in male participants was moderated by the spinal cord injury severity (B = 2.330, p
METHODS: This study was a prospective, non-inferiority randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned between 23 May 2023, and 26 September 2023. Patients with small peripheral lung nodules (≤2 cm) were recruited.Patients were randomly assigned to either the CT-guided PTLP group or the AR-guided PTLP group, with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcome was the accuracy of lung nodule localization measured by localization error. The secondary outcomes included procedure duration, radiation exposure dosage and complications.
RESULTS: A total of 70 patients underwent either CT- or AR-guided lung nodule localization and subsequent surgeries. Localization error was smaller in the AR-guided group than in the CT-guided group (mean ± SD, 3.1 ± 4.0 mm vs. 5.4 ± 4.2 mm, P = 0.026). The mean difference of localization errors was -2.3 mm (95% CI: - 4.2 to -0.3 mm, P < 0.001 for non-inferiority). Compared to the CT-guided group, the AR-guided group demonstrated significantly lower radiation exposure (mean ± SD, 421 ± 168 vs. 694 ± 229 mGy × cm, P < 0.001) and shorter localization procedure duration (mean ± SD, 8.8 ± 2.3 vs. 14.1 ± 1.8 minutes, P < 0.001), with no statistical difference in complications.
CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of the AR-guided approach is comparable to that of the CT-guided approach in localizing small lung nodules. Furthermore, the utilization of AR technology has been demonstrated to reduce procedural time and minimize radiation exposure for patients.
METHODS: An initial 16-item questionnaire, developed within an addiction framework, was administered alongside job stress, job satisfaction, and self-esteem measures in a total sample of 31,352 employees from six continents and 85 cultures (63.5% females, mean age of 39.24 years).
RESULTS: Based on theoretical premises and psychometric testing, the International Work Addiction Scale (IWAS) was developed as a short measure representing essential features of work addiction. The seven-item version (IWAS-7), covering all seven components of work addiction, showed partial scalar invariance across 81 cultures, while the five-item version (IWAS-5) showed it across all 85 cultures. Higher levels of work addiction on both versions were associated with higher job stress, lower job satisfaction, and lower self-esteem across cultures. The optimal cut-offs for the IWAS-7 (24 points) and IWAS-5 (18 points) were established with an overall accuracy of 96% for both versions.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The IWAS is a valid, reliable, and short screening scale that can be used in different cultures and languages, providing comparative and generalizable results. The scale can be used globally in clinical and organizational settings, with the IWAS-5 being recommended for most practical and clinical situations. This is the first study to provide data supporting the hypothesis that work addiction is a universal phenomenon worldwide.